Outbreak of Oropouche Virus in French Guiana Gaillet, Mélanie; Pichard, Clara; Restrepo, Johana ...
Emerging infectious diseases,
10/2021, Letnik:
27, Številka:
10
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Oropouche fever is a zoonotic dengue-like syndrome caused by Oropouche virus. In August-September 2020, dengue-like syndrome developed in 41 patients in a remote rainforest village in French Guiana. ...By PCR or microneutralization, 23 (82.1%) of 28 tested patients were positive for Oropouche virus, documenting its emergence in French Guiana.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The COVID 19 epidemic submerged many health systems in the Amazon. The objective of the present study was to focus on the epidemic curves of the COVID 19 epidemic in different centers, and to look at ...testing and mortality data.
Publicly available datasets were used. The log
of the daily cumulated number of cases starting from the day the territory reached 100 cumulated cases was plotted to compare the magnitude, shape and slope of the different curves. The maximum daily testing efforts were plotted for each territory in relation to the maximum daily number of diagnoses. The case fatality rate was computed by dividing the number of COVID 19 deaths by the number of confirmed cases.
In the Amazonian regions in general the speed of growth was generally lower than in Europe or the USA, or Southern Brazil. Whereas, countries like South Korea or New Zealand "broke" the curve relatively rapidly the log linear trajectory seemed much longer with signs of a decline in growth rate as of early July 2020. After a very slow start, French Guiana had the lowest slope when compared to other Amazonian territories with significant epidemics. The Amazonian states of Roraima, Amazonas, Parà, and Amapà had among the highest number of cases and deaths per million inhabitants in the world. French Guiana had significantly fewer deaths relative to its number of confirmed cases than other Amazonian territories. French Guiana had a late epidemic surge with intense testing scale-up often exceeding 4,000 persons tested daily per million inhabitants. Brazil was an outlier with low daily testing levels in relation to the number of daily diagnoses.
There were marked heterogeneities mortality rates suggesting that socioeconomic, political factors, and perhaps ethnic vulnerability led to striking outcome differences in this Amazonian context.
French Guiana (FG) is a French overseas region bordering Brazil and Suriname that is considered endemic for yellow fever (YF); vaccination is compulsory for residents and travellers. In August 2017 ...and 2018, two sporadic YF cases were notified 1 year apart, confirming that sylvatic YF virus circulation is active in the region. YF vaccination coverage should be closely monitored and improved in FG and neighbouring territories and clinicians should be aware of the risk.
Since the first cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan in December 2019, this RNA virus gave rise to different viral lineages with different virological, epidemiological and immunological properties. ...Here we describe the dynamics of circulation of SARS-CoV-2 lineages in an Amazonian South American French overseas territory, French Guiana (FG). The data analyzed are based on the general epidemic course, and genomic surveillance data come from whole genome sequencing (WGS) as well as typing PCRs. From March 2020 to October 2021, four COVID-19 epidemic waves were observed in FG with an evolution of viral lineages influenced by virus introductions from continental France and above all by land-based introductions from neighbouring countries. The third epidemic wave from March to June 2021 was driven by a predominant Gamma introduced from Brazil and a less frequent Alpha introduced from France. This coexistence was completely substituted by Delta that initiated the fourth epidemic wave.
•France and South America cross-influenced SARS-CoV-2 lineages in French Guiana•High resolution tracking by typing PCRs and NGS•Epidemic waves dynamics 2020–2021
Following of the emergence of Zika virus in Brazil in 2015, an epidemiological surveillance system was quickly implemented in the French overseas Territories of America (FTA) according to previous ...experience with dengue and chikungunya and has detected first cases of Zika. General practitioners and medical microbiologists were invited to report all clinically suspected cases of Zika, laboratory investigations were systematically conducted (RT-PCR). On 18 December, the first autochthonous case of Zika virus infection was confirmed by RT-PCR on French Guiana and Martinique, indicating introduction of Zika virus in FTA. The viral circulation of Zika virus was then also confirmed on Guadeloupe and Saint-Martin. We report here early findings on 203 confirmed cases of Zika virus infection identified by RT-PCR or seroneutralisation on Martinique Island between 24 November 2015 and 20 January 2016. All cases were investigated. Common clinical signs were observed (maculopapular rash, arthralgia, fever, myalgia and conjunctival hyperaemia) among these patients, but the rash, the foundation of our case definition, may be absent in a significant proportion of patients (16%). These results are important for the implementation of a suspected case definition, the main tool for epidemiological surveillance, in territories that may be affected by ZIKV emergence, including Europe.
During summer 2016, all the conditions for local mosquito-borne transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) are met in mainland France: a competent vector, Aedes albopictus, a large number of travellers ...returning from ZIKV-affected areas, and an immunologically naive population. From 1 January to 15 July 2016, 625 persons with evidence of recent ZIKV infection were reported in mainland France. We describe the surveillance system in place and control measures implemented to reduce the risk of infection.
Le préjudice réparable est de tout temps une condition essentielle à l’action en responsabilité délictuelle. Le développement de la fonction indemnitaire au détriment des fonctions accessoires de la ...responsabilité civile ont permis de faire ressortir l’importance de cette notion. Le mouvement d’objectivation de la responsabilité civile marque inévitablement la notion de préjudice mais aussi ses caractères qui font partie intégrante de ses éléments définitionnels. Cela lui permet de devenir une notion plus large, plus encline à répondre aux nouvelles exigences de réparation. Sous couvert de cet élargissement, une inégalité de traitement des victimes et une hiérarchisation dans la protection des intérêts sont apparues. Le préjudice est instrumentalisé au point de perdre ses caractéristiques traditionnelles d’essence subjectives. La déformation du préjudice aboutit à une politique de réparation qui perd en cohésion et en logique. L’indemnisation de certains intérêts que l’on pourrait qualifier de « supérieurs », comme c’est le cas par exemple du dommage corporel ou du dommage écologique, ne doit pas être remise en cause. Il faut cependant cesser de modifier la nature profonde de ces notions fondatrices d’une responsabilité civile équilibrée. Un retour à une conception subjective du préjudice, tant au regard de la notion que de ses caractères, est souhaitable bien qu’accompagné par le corollaire nécessaire du dommage anormal qui permettra de répondre à ce besoin d’indemnisation, tout en satisfaisant les exigences notionnelles propres à la responsabilité civile délictuelle.
Reparable tort has always been an essential condition of the tortious liability. The indemnity function development, in spite of accessories functions of civil liability, has accentuated this notion’s weight. Thanks to the objectification tendency, civil liability impacts without fail the tort notion, but also its characteristics that are entire parts of its definition. Thereby, the reparable tort notion becomes greater, as an answer to new requirements of the indemnity function. Because of this enlargement, disparities of victim treatments and priorization of protected interests appeared. Tort is instrumentalized to a point where it loses its traditional characteristics, essentially subjective. The distortion of the notion of tort leads to a reparation policy loosing cohesion and logic. The reparation of some “topmost” victim interests, such as bodily harm or environmental damage, cannot be questioned. However, it is time to stop changing the true nature of those founding notions, of a balanced civil liability. A return to a subjective conception of tort, in notional and characteristic terms, is advisable. But it has to go with the “abnormal damage” notion that will be the answer to this reparation need, while meeting notional requirements of tortious liability.
In December 2013, an emergence of chikungunya was observed in the French Caribbean region. The French syndromic surveillance system SurSaUD, based on the daily collection of attendances on emergency ...departments and calls to associations SOS Medecins, ensure a complementary surveillance with the specific system based on a sentinel general practitioners network. This study describes the temporal pattern of the chikungunya epidemic and the characteristics of patients in the French overseas territories of Americas using the syndromic surveillance system.
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