In the context of ILD project, impact studies of environmental loads on the Electromagnetic CALorimeter (ECAL) have been initiated. The ECAL part considered is the barrel and it consists of several ...independent modules which are mounted on the Hadronic CALorimeter barrel (HCAL) itself mounted on the cryostat coil and the yoke. The estimate of the gap required between each ECAL modules is fundamental to define the assembly step and avoid mechanical contacts over the barrel lifetime. In the meantime, it has to be done in consideration to the dead spaces reduction and detector hermiticity optimization. Several Finite Element Analysis (FEA) with static and dynamic loads have been performed in order to define correctly the minimum values for those gaps. Due to the implantation site of the whole project in Japan, seismic analysis were carried out in addition to the static ones. This article shows results of these analysis done with the Finite Element Method (FEM) in ANSYS. First results show the impact of HCAL design on the ECAL modules motion in static load. The second study dedicated to seismic approach on a larger model (including yoke and cryostat) gives additional results on earthquake consequences.
Beam test performance of the SKIROC2 ASIC Amjad, M.S.; Anduze, M.; Augustin, J.-E. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
04/2015, Letnik:
778
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Beam tests of the first layers of CALICE silicon tungsten ECAL technological prototype were performed in April and July 2012 using 1–6GeV electron beam at DESY. This paper presents an analysis of the ...SKIROC2 readout ASIC performance under test beam conditions.
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the foscarnet-ganciclovir combination in induction therapy (IT) and maintenance therapy (MT) for cytomegalovirus (CMV) central neurological disorders in ...HIV-infected patients.
An open pilot non-comparative multicentre study.
Thirty-one patients with acute CMV encephalitis (CMVe) (n = 17) or CMV myelitis (CMVm) (n = 14) during the era before highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) received intravenous IT with foscarnet 90 mg/kg plus ganciclovir 5 mg/kg twice a day followed by MT. The primary endpoint was clinical efficacy, assessed at the end of the induction phase.
The foscarnet-ganciclovir combination in IT resulted in a 74% (23 out of 31 patients) clinical improvement or stabilization. Eight patients did not respond clinically. Side-effects leading to drug discontinuation occurred in 10 patients during IT. Among the 23 patients who qualified for the maintenance phase, CMV disease progressed in 10, with a median time to the first relapse of 126 days (range 64-264 days). Overall, the median survival time was 3 months 95% confidence interval (CI), 2-4 months.
The combination of foscarnet and ganciclovir can safely be used for CMV central nervous system (CNS) infection, with an improvement or stabilization in 74% of patients. Life-long MT with this combination is recommended as long as the immune system is profoundly impaired.
The technological prototype of the CALICE highly granular silicon–tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter (SiW-ECAL) was tested in a beam at DESY in 2017. The setup comprised seven layers of silicon ...sensors. Each layer comprised four sensors, with each sensor containing an array of 256 5.5×5.5 mm2 silicon PIN diodes. The four sensors covered a total area of 18 × 18 cm and comprised a total of 1024 channels. The readout was split into a trigger line and a charge signal line. Key performance results for signal over noise for the two output lines are presented, together with a study of the uniformity of the detector response. Measurements of the response to electrons for the tungsten loaded version of the detector are also presented.
Load transfer on a structural composite part can be carried out by means of metal inserts. Apart from their detachable features, their introduction in a composite material is not without consequence. ...This paper examines the impact of the inserts in a structural composite material obtained by the Resin Transfer Moulding process. Numerical flow simulations, using RTMFLOT software developed by the “Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal”, have enabled us to optimize the injection process. These simulations, associated with microscopic observations, successfully confirm the introduction of inserts and the quality of fabric impregnation. These microscopic observations have located the presence of flaws (resin accumulation, fabric layer compression and cracks) thus enabling the manufacturing process to be optimized. The mechanical characteristics of this mounting have been obtained by tensile, compressive and flexural tests.
A detailed study of hadronic interactions is presented using data recorded with the highly granular CALICE silicon–tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter. Approximately 350,000 selected π− events at ...energies between 2 and 10GeV have been studied. The predictions of several physics models available within the GEANT4 simulation tool kit are compared to this data. A reasonable overall description of the data is observed; the Monte Carlo predictions are within 20% of the data, and for many observables much closer. The largest quantitative discrepancies are found in the longitudinal and transverse distributions of reconstructed energy.
A first prototype of a scintillator strip-based electromagnetic calorimeter was built, consisting of 26 layers of tungsten absorber plates interleaved with planes of 45×10×3mm3 plastic scintillator ...strips. Data were collected using a positron test beam at DESY with momenta between 1 and 6GeV/c. The prototype׳s performance is presented in terms of the linearity and resolution of the energy measurement. These results represent an important milestone in the development of highly granular calorimeters using scintillator strip technology. A number of possible design improvements were identified, which should be implemented in a future detector of this type. This technology is being developed for a future linear collider experiment, aiming at the precise measurement of jet energies using particle flow techniques.
A prototype silicon–tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) for an international linear collider (ILC) detector was installed and tested during summer and autumn 2006 at CERN. The detector had ...6480 silicon pads of dimension
1
×
1
cm
2
. Data were collected with electron beams in the energy range 6–45
GeV. The analysis described in this paper focuses on electromagnetic shower reconstruction and characterises the ECAL response to electrons in terms of energy resolution and linearity. The detector is linear to within approximately the 1% level and has a relative energy resolution of
(
16.53
±
0.14
(
stat
)
±
0.4
(
syst
)
)
/
E
(
GeV
)
⊕
(
1.07
±
0.07
(
stat
)
±
0.1
(
syst
)
)
(
%
)
. The spatial uniformity and the time stability of the ECAL are also addressed.
The CALICE collaboration is studying the design of high performance electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters for future International Linear Collider detectors. For the electromagnetic calorimeter, ...the current baseline choice is a high granularity sampling calorimeter with tungsten as absorber and silicon detectors as sensitive material. A ``physics prototype'' has been constructed, consisting of thirty sensitive layers. Each layer has an active area of 18x18 cm2 and a pad size of 1x1 cm2. The absorber thickness totals 24 radiation lengths. It has been exposed in 2006 and 2007 to electron and hadron beams at the DESY and CERN beam test facilities, using a wide range of beam energies and incidence angles. In this paper, the prototype and the data acquisition chain are described and a summary of the data taken in the 2006 beam tests is presented. The methods used to subtract the pedestals and calibrate the detector are detailed. The signal-over-noise ratio has been measured at 7.63 +/- 0.01. Some electronics features have been observed; these lead to coherent noise and crosstalk between pads, and also crosstalk between sensitive and passive areas. The performance achieved in terms of uniformity and stability is presented.
Application Specific Integrated Circuits, ASICs, similar to those envisaged for the readout electronics of the central calorimeters of detectors for a future lepton collider have been exposed to ...high-energy electromagnetic showers. A salient feature of these calorimeters is that the readout electronics will be embedded into the calorimeter layers. In this article it is shown that interactions of shower particles in the volume of the readout electronics do not alter the noise pattern of the ASICs. No signal at or above the MIP level has been observed during the exposure. The upper limit at the 95% confidence level on the frequency of fake signals is smaller than
1
×
10
−
5
for a noise threshold of about 60% of a MIP. For ASICs with similar design to those which were tested, it can thus be largely excluded that the embedding of the electronics into the calorimeter layers compromises the performance of the calorimeters.
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