Rationale, Aims, and Objectives
This study aims to investigate how reported comprehension of the Medicare programme and its prescription drug benefits is associated with cost‐related medication ...nonadherence (CRN) among Medicare beneficiaries with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors.
Methods
This cross‐sectional study used the 2017 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey Public Use File data and included Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 years who reported having at least one CVD risk factor (i.e., hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, smoking and obesity) (n = 2821). A survey‐weighted logistic model was used to examine associations between perceived difficulty of understanding the Medicare programme and its prescription drug benefits and CRN, controlling for beneficiaries' demographic (e.g., age) and clinical characteristics (e.g, comorbidities). This study further analyzed five subgroups based on the type of CVD risk factors involved.
Results
Among Medicare beneficiaries with CVD risk factors, 14.4% reported CRN. Medicare beneficiaries with CVD risk factors who reported difficulty understanding the overall Medicare programme and its prescription drug benefits were more likely to report CRN, compared to those who reported easy understanding of the overall Medicare programme (OR = 1.50; 95% CI = 1.11−2.04; p = 0.009) and its prescription drug benefits (OR = 2.01; 95% CI = 1.52−2.66; p < 0.001). Similar results were obtained for the subgroups with obesity, hypertension or hyperlipidemia.
Conclusions
Perceived difficulty of understanding the Medicare Programme and its prescription drug benefits is associated with CRN among Medicare beneficiaries with CVD risk factors, especially those with obesity, hypertension or hyperlipidemia. Monitoring and enhancing Medicare beneficiaries' overall understanding of the Medicare programme may reduce CRN.
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•Consumers’ mindsets moderate the effect of product aesthetics on product evaluation.•Consumers in an abstract mindset respond more favorably to highly aesthetic products.•The ...interaction of mindsets and aesthetics applies to utilitarian products only.•An abstract mindset decreases attention to product functionality.
Companies often use aesthetics or salient visual attributes to differentiate their products from those of their competitors and to appeal to customers. However, consumers may make unfavorable inferences about highly aesthetic products due to concerns about the products’ functionality. To address the issue of how retailers can most effectively engage in the deployment and promotion of product aesthetics, the present research proposes that consumers will respond more favorably (i.e., enhanced choice of product, enhanced product and advertisement evaluations, and a heightened willingness to pay) to a highly aesthetic product when they are in an abstract, rather than a concrete, mindset. Five studies using multiple product categories and applying various mindset manipulations provide convergent evidence to support the proposed hypothesis. The findings hold true for utilitarian, but not hedonic, products, and the focus of attention on product functionality accounts for the results. With the insight that the mindset consumers are in is critical in determining their response to highly aesthetics products, retailers can capitalize on selected situations in which to promote product aesthetics.
Purpose - Healthcare is becoming an important part of people's online content consumption, with people searching for information on diseases or medical problems, treatments or procedures, particular ...doctors or hospitals, or about parking. This paper aims to investigate what users deem essential on patient-oriented interactive e-health tools on hospital web sites.Design methodology approach - The findings are based on 242 patients users from diverse backgrounds in a purposive sample. A modified Delphi technique was used in two rounds of survey to collect and analyze data.Findings - The respondents highly desire core-business tools, especially access to medical records and lab results, while discounting hospitals' efforts to connect to social media. Hospitals' e-health implementation on their web sites has greatly lagged behind the users' needs for interacting with hospitals online. It is concluded that, while continuing to provide traditional functional tools, hospitals should expedite their development in providing core e-business tools and emerging functional tools in order to accomplish multiple objectives, including service, education, and marketing.Research limitations implications - Hospitals' e-health development efforts have been behind the users' expectations at large. Future research should explore whether such lagging has resulted mainly from the lack of technical know-how, lack of funding, and or lack of vision on the administrative level.Practical implications - The paper provides solid empirical evidence for US hospitals to (re)consider how to prioritize their efforts in implementing e-health online so as to build a user-centric web site.Originality value - Most US hospitals have implemented some form of e-health online to serve their patients users, but rarely have researchers studied such efforts. As a result, hospitals have had little evidence to gauge their implementation success. This is the first empirical study that investigates from the patient user perspective the usefulness of various interactive e-health tools online.
Exploring wasteful consumption Lin, Ying-Ching; Chang, Chiu-chi Angela
Journal of environmental psychology,
April 2017, 2017-04-00, Letnik:
49
Journal Article
Recenzirano
While prior research indicates that most consumers are mindful of and averse to waste, resources are wasted in everyday life. The present research proposes that the establishment of pro-environmental ...credentials causes rather than reduces subsequent wasteful consumption. Two studies manipulating pro-environmental credentials and involving actual consumption behaviors support the hypothesis. Specifically, participants who had easily recalled their past environmentally-friendly actions (study 1) or who had made a recent purchase of green (vs. regular) products (study 2) were more prone to wasteful consumption of resources (e.g., paper, food). This research advances our understanding of consumer resource usage behavior by proposing a novel explanation as to why wasteful consumption occurs and highlights the importance of addressing the component of resource use when promoting sustainability.
•Establishing pro-environmental credentials leads to wasteful consumption.•Past green actions may have unintended negative consequences on resource usage.•It is essential to address the resource use component when promoting sustainability.
Applying theory on justification and self-control, this research examines the impact of physical activity on dieters’ and nondieters’ food consumption patterns. The results from two studies ...demonstrate that dieters, but not nondieters, consume more food after exercising as compared to situations in which no exercise is involved. In addition, dieters consume more food when they anticipate engaging in physical activity as compared to when they have completed their exercising. When physical activity is framed as fun (vs work), dieters decrease the amount of food they consume after exercising. Estimation of calories burned through exercise underlies this result.
Previous research reports a promotion-focused message persuades individuals having an independent self-view more than a prevention-focused message while the reverse occurs for individuals with an ...interdependent self-view. Extending these findings, this research proposes that perceived risk moderates the effect of self-construal and regulatory focus on persuasion. That is, when perceived risk is high, a prevention-focused message is likely to be more persuasive, no matter the type of self-construal. However, when perceived risk is low, the persuasiveness of a promotion- versus prevention-focused message depends on the consumer's self-construal (independent or interdependent). Support for these predictions occurs in three empirical studies where perceived risk was manipulated based on temporal frames. Finally, this report discusses theoretical contributions behind and the practical implications of this research.
► When perceived risk is high, a prevention-focused message is more effective. ► When perceived risk is low, the persuasiveness of a message depends on one’s self-construal. ► Studies involving both health and non-health contexts provide supporting evidence.
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast two types of shopping aids, that is, research-supporting and solution-oriented shopping aids, and examine their effectiveness, ...considering both consumer and situational factors.Design methodology approach - Expanded selection and additional detailed information are chosen to illustrate research-supporting shopping aids, and personalized product recommendations and product ratings are used as examples of solution-oriented shopping aids. This conceptual paper proposes that usage of shopping aids has an effect on the purchase likelihood and decision satisfaction and focuses on studying the moderating role of consumer product knowledge and time pressure. The thesis is that congruence between the type of a shopping aid and consumer characteristics, such as product knowledge, or situational characteristics, such as time pressure, should enhance the effectiveness of shopping aids.Findings - The research propositions in this paper delineate how the use of retail shopping aids should affect the consumer's purchase likelihood, decision satisfaction, decision confidence, and evaluation costs, under the moderating influence of product knowledge and time pressure. Overall, knowledgeable consumers and less time-pressed consumers should benefit from research-supporting shopping aids (i.e. expanded selection and additional product information), whereas novice consumers and time-pressed consumers should benefit from solution-oriented shopping aids (i.e. personalized product recommendation and product ratings).Originality value - Retail shopping aids are designed to offer sales assistance for consumers to handle the obstacles to purchase completion. However, past efforts to install retail shopping aids have seen mixed results. This conceptual paper advocates that consideration of consumer characteristics and situational factors is necessary to understand the effects of shopping aid usage. This paper thus contributes to the understanding of solutions to purchase decision deferral and the determinants of decision satisfaction, and has practical implications for retailers regarding providing retail shopping aids to facilitate purchase completion and shopping experiences.
The results from three studies suggest that consumers' perceptions of product effectiveness are critical in determining the amount of a product they choose to use in a given instance. In general, ...consumers consider green, or environmentally friendly, products to be less effective than regular products; therefore, consumers increase the amount of the green product they use to make up for the perceived inferiority. Notably, this pattern of green versus regular product usage is more pronounced among consumers who are environmentally conscious. When the perceived effectiveness of a green product is boosted by a credible endorsement, the discrepancy between green and regular product usage disappears.
The purpose of this study is to provide evidence for strategic planning regarding e-health development in U.S. hospitals. A content analysis of a representative sample of the U.S. hospital Web sites ...has revealed how U.S. hospitals have taken advantage of the 21 patient-oriented interactive tools identified in this study. Significant gaps between various types of hospitals have also been found. It is concluded that although the majority of the U.S. hospitals have adopted traditional functional tools, they need to make significant inroad in implementing the core e-business tools to serve their patients/users, making their Web sites more efficient marketing tools.
Prior research has found several factors that affect people's willingness to participate in philanthropy. In the present article, we explore whether people feel more inspired to engage in ...philanthropy after learning about individuals who help targets who are socially close or distant from those individuals. Specifically, we propose that when people learn about others who help socially distant (vs. close) targets, such prosocial actions will be more salient because it violates people's lay belief about distance and helping; therefore, people will be more attracted to the idea of engaging in prosocial actions after learning that prosocial actions have been directed toward socially distant (vs. close) targets. We present four experiments in support of our hypotheses.
► Effects of others’ prosocial behavior toward socially distant versus close beneficiaries. ► Prosocial behavior toward distant targets violates lay beliefs and is more salient. ► Prosocial behavior toward distant targets inspires more helping from observers.
