Background:
The worse prognosis in cancer patients with COVID-19 infection in the context of the pandemic, compared to that in the general population, poses new challenges to ensure the perioperative ...safety.
Aim:
To reduce the risk of infection for cancer patients in the perioperative period and to prevent severe COVID-19.
Materials and methods
: During two months of the COVID-19 (from March to April 2020), we performed 158 surgical interventions: 49 for breast cancer, 31 for lung cancer (videothoracoscopic segmental and lobar resections), 12 for stomach cancer (8 distal and 1 proximal laparoscopic subtotal gastric resections, 3 gastrectomies), 16 laparoscopic resections for colorectal cancer, 29 resections with a reconstructive plastic for malignant skin tumors, 21 palliative and diagnostic operations (diagnostic thoracoscopy and laparoscopy, laparoscopic colostomy).
Results:
Preventive administration during preparation for surgery (interferon-al-pha2b and low molecular weight heparins) and for suspected infection (antibiotics, low molecular weight heparins and dexamethasone 12 mg/day intravenously) allowed for lower rates of the new coronavirus infection (1.3%) and its severe cases (0%) during surgical treatment of malignant tumors.
Conclusion:
Surgical treatment of cancer patients in the context of a new coronavirus infection pandemic should be carried out with strict adherence to anti-epidemic measures.
Abstract
Dairy goat breeding is widespread worldwide. Goat milk and other derivative products are an important part of nutrition. Dairy products are the most important part of goat breeding; ...therefore, lactation performance is a relevant issue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate antioxidant system characteristics in Saanen goats depending on lactation performance. The experiment was conducted in the north-western region of Russian Federation, in the laboratories of the biochemistry and physiology departments at FSBEI of Higher Education «SPbSAVM». The three experimental groups included 30 Saanen goats each, 2nd–3rd lactations, selected using matched pairs method. 1st group included low milk producing ability goats (< 600 kg of milk yield per year), 2nd group included average milk producing ability goats (600–800 kg of milk yield per year), 3rd group included high milk producing ability goats (>800 kg of milk yield per year). The blood samples were taken once: at peak lactation performance (45 days after parturition). The blood levels of lipid peroxygenation markers (malondialdehyde, dienketone and conjugated dienes) and superoxide dismutase and catalase activity were assessed by standard methods. Results presented as mean±standard error of the mean. Student’s t-test was used after proving normal distribution. Level of significance is labeled as P < 0.05. The results are displayed in table 1 and 2. After analyzing the received data of antioxidant system characteristics, we found a high intensity of free-radical oxidation in high milk producing ability goats. This results in oxidative stress development. Activity of anti-oxidizing enzymes was elevated; therefore, free-radical oxidation is intensive. Consequently, these data allow us to take into consideration exogenous anti-oxidizing agents administration in high milk producing ability goats in order to reduce oxidative stress.
Dairy goat breeding is widespread worldwide. Goat milk and other derivative products are an important part of nutrition. Dairy products are the most important part of goat breeding; therefore, ...lactation performance is a relevant issue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate antioxidant system characteristics in Saanen goats depending on lactation performance. The experiment was conducted in the north-western region of Russian Federation, in the laboratories of the biochemistry and physiology departments at FSBEI of Higher Education «SPbSAVM». The three experimental groups included 30 Saanen goats each, 2nd-3rd lactations, selected using matched pairs method. 1st group included low milk producing ability goats (< 600 kg of milk yield per year), 2nd group included average milk producing ability goats (600-800 kg of milk yield per year), 3rd group included high milk producing ability goats (>800 kg of milk yield per year). The blood samples were taken once: at peak lactation performance (45 days after parturition). The blood levels of lipid peroxygenation markers (malondialdehyde, dienketone and conjugated dienes) and superoxide dismutase and catalase activity were assessed by standard methods. Results presented as mean±standard error of the mean. Student's t-test was used after proving normal distribution. Level of significance is labeled as P < 0.05. The results are displayed in table 1 and 2. After analyzing the received data of antioxidant system characteristics, we found a high intensity of free-radical oxidation in high milk producing ability goats. This results in oxidative stress development. Activity of anti-oxidizing enzymes was elevated; therefore, free-radical oxidation is intensive. Consequently, these data allow us to take into consideration exogenous anti-oxidizing agents administration in high milk producing ability goats in order to reduce oxidative stress.
Background.
Fluoroscopy of the esophagus and stomach provides a reliable assessment of the specific radiological criteria for achalasia (of cardia), which underlie the classification of the disease ...by stages. The stage of achalasia is one of the key factors to determine the management of treatment, including the choice of a specific type of surgical intervention. However, no methodological standards for performing and interpreting fluoroscopy of the esophagus and stomach in achalasia have been developed.
Objectives.
Creation of a unified protocol for performing and interpreting fluoroscopy of esophagus and stomach in achalasia and development of an algorithm for diagnosing achalasia based on fluoroscopy of the esophagus and stomach, which will help to determine the appropriate surgery.
Methods.
The developed algorithm was applied in a study of 104 patients. The examination was carried out using Duodiagnost X-ray machine by Philips, equipped with a remote control. The X-ray technician’s workplace was tooled with a personal computer, a digital identifier (ID) and a digitizer-scanning device. Drystardt 5000B film (by AGFA) was used for X-ray examinations. The description of X-ray examination was carried out by a radiologist in a separate office equipped with two workstations.
Results.
A protocol for fluoroscopy of the esophagus and stomach in patients with achalasia and a checklist for the description of fluoroscopy in achalasia have been developed.
Conclusion.
The developed algorithm for diagnosing achalasia of cardia based on fluoroscopy of the esophagus and stomach showed its high efficiency for clarifying the stage of the disease, and, consequently, choosing the right treatment and method of surgical intervention, as well as for providing objective control over the dynamics of the disease after surgery. In addition, the introduction of the developed algorithm into the widespread practice of radiologists will ensure continuity at all stages of treatment of patients with achalasia in different medical institutions: from diagnosis to dynamic monitoring of the patient’s condition after surgical treatment in specialized centers.
The article describes opportunities and results of laparoscopic oesophagocardiomiotomy and laparoscopic transhiatal oesophagus removal without hand assistance in esophageal achalasia (cardiospasm). ...In total, such operations were performed in 196 and 31 of cases (of 423 patients), respectively. There were minimal numbers of relapses (below 2.3%) after laparoscopic oesophagocardiomiotomy done by the proposed technique. All cases of reflux esophagitis were diagnosed after esophagocardiomiotomy with Dor fundoplication.After cardiodilatation, disease relapses were registered in 57% of patients. The advantages of a laparoscopic access for oesophagectomy are shown and technical particular of this intervention are analyzed based on a case history. The principles of Fast track surgery in this patient category are discussed that allow for reduction of the length of hospital stay by 40%.
The results of treatment of Barrett's oesophagus diagnosed in 22 (9.2%) of 238 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and hiatal hernia are presented. A high degree dysplasia was ...found in 54.5% (12/22) of patients. All patients were administered combination therapy with proton pump inhibitors, prokinetics, third generation H2 histamine receptor blockers for 3 to 4 weeks. If no regress of dysplasia was obtained, Barrett's epithelium was removed by a holmium laser (14 patients). The advantages of a laparoscopic fundoplication technique proposed by the authors in the treatment of Barrett's oesophagus were shown. This surgical intervention reliably prevents the gastroesophageal reflux that has led to the development of this disease.
Forty-five alcohol dependent patients with sleep and mild affective disorders were treated with melaxen (melatonin IR) for 3-weeks. All subjects did not use alcohol for at least 14 days prior the ...trial. The battery of psychometric scales (a subjective sleep quality questionnaire, the Epworth sleepiness scale, a sleep apnea screening questionnaire, HAM-A, HAM-D, an alcohol consumption questionnaire) was used. Melaxen distinctly improved sleep latency, quality and duration of sleep, breathing during sleep. The drug decreased daily sleepiness and affective disorders, particularly, anxiety. The dosage of melaxen ranged from 3 to 6 mg depending on the respond to the minimal dose.
The authors report on the clinical course of two children, in whom benign tumors with destruction of the mandible were diagnosed at the age of 4 and 6 months respectively. Following mandibular ...continuity resection the lateral mandible was reconstructed with autogenous rib grafts. In both children craniofacial and mandibular growth was assessed during yearly clinical and radiological follow-up visits. A slight vertical overgrowth and transversal growth inhibition could be detected.
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