Cadmium sulphide is known to have tremendous applications towards optoelectronic and nonlinear devices. Hence, here we have facilely casted the CdS films with diverse Se contents through low-cost ...spray pyrolysis technique. XRD study defends mono-phase formation of CdS having hexagonal system at all Se doping contents. Scherrer equation was employed to evaluate crystallite size in range of 15–25 nm. Vibrational study reveals the presence of fundamental modes of vibration of hexagonal CdS. EDX and SEM mapping studies approve the existence of Se and its homogeneous distribution all over the film. SEM micrographs shows the nanoscale grains formation on film surface and the size is increasing with Se doping. Optical study revealed that the grown films are of optimal quality with transparency in range of 60–75% with low absorbance and reflectance values. The refractive index values are noted to varied from 1 to 2.7 with wavelength and noticed to be reduced on Se content in UV–Vis region. The reduction in direct and indirect energy gap was found from 2.46 to 2.34 eV and 2.21 to 1.96 eV, correspondingly due to Se. PL emission profile contains an emission band at 528, 529, 529, 530 and 546 nm for 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 wt% Se:CdS films. Dielectric constant and loss were estimated. The nonlinear refraction (
n
2
) and absorption coefficient (
β
) and third-order nonlinear susceptibility
(
χ
3
)
values were determined using
Z
-scan and observed in order of 10
–8
cm
2
/W, 10
–4
cm/W and 10
–3
esu, correspondingly. The high values of
χ
3
propose the films for nonlinear applications.
Sommerfeld effect is a nonlinear jump phenomenon which occurs in unbalanced rotor–motor system, and its characteristics provide an idea of power required to operate the system in the post-resonance ...region. In this article, the steady-state and full transient characterization of Sommerfeld effect in an unbalanced rotor–motor active magnetic bearing system is studied by considering the nonlinear bearing force of the active magnetic bearing (AMB) in the system equation. The homotopy perturbation method (HPM) is used to solve the nonlinear coupled second-order differential equations of the 16-pole leg AMB system analytically, and the steady-state vibration amplitude of the rotor dynamic system is calculated using the same method. The numerical power balance technique is used to study the steady-state Sommerfeld effect in the system, and its characterization provided the range of unachievable speed range for the rotor dynamic system. The full transient analysis of the rotor–motor AMB system is done analytically, and the exact voltage requires to pass through the resonance, while the system accelerated by the motor is obtained. From the steady-state analysis, it is observed that as the bias current is increased from 0 to 20 A, the jump voltage required to escape resonance has been decreased from 94.7 to 71.5 V. From frequency response curve, it is also observed that as the bias current is increased, it decreases the steady-state vibration amplitude up to 13.8% and a peculiar phenomenon like shifting of resonance is also occurred. It is also observed that percentage of reduction in the jump voltage required for passage through resonance are obtained as 4.5%, 17%, and 24% as the bias current supply to the AMB is increased from 0 to 5, 15 A, and 20 A, respectively, for transient analysis. Both the steady-state and transient responses were attained by increasing the bias current supply to the AMB system, and it is observed that the system vibration amplitude is reduced significantly at the resonance while increasing the bias current. The Sommerfeld effect characterization with respect to bias current supply to the AMB system is provided a vital idea of major reduction in the required jump voltage for passage through the resonance and achievable rotor speeds to operate the system in the post-resonance region.
Fructooligosaccharides are influential prebiotics that affect various physiological functions in such a way that they promote positive impact to health. They occur naturally in many fruits and ...vegetables in trace amounts. However, they are mainly produced commercially by the reaction of microbial enzymes with di- or polysaccharides, such as sucrose or inulin as a substrate. For maximum production of fructooligosaccharides on an industrial level, development of more enzymes with high activity and stability is required. This has attracted the attention of biotechnologists and microbiologists worldwide. This study aims to discuss the new trends in the production of fructooligosaccharide and its effect on numerous health qualities through which it creates great demand in the sugar market.
Vitamin E belongs to the family of lipid-soluble vitamins and can be divided into two groups, tocopherols and tocotrienols, with four isomers (alpha, beta, gamma and delta). Although vitamin E is ...widely known as a potent antioxidant, studies have also revealed that vitamin E possesses anti-inflammatory properties. These crucial properties of vitamin E are beneficial in various aspects of health, especially in neuroprotection and cardiovascular, skin and bone health. However, the poor bioavailability of vitamin E, especially tocotrienols, remains a great limitation for clinical applications. Recently, nanoformulations that include nanovesicles, solid-lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, nanoemulsions, and polymeric nanoparticles have shown promising outcomes in improving the efficacy and bioavailability of vitamin E. This review focuses on the pharmacological properties and pharmacokinetics of vitamin E and current advances in vitamin E nanoformulations for future clinical applications. The limitations and future recommendations are also discussed in this review.
Web applications are important for various online businesses and operations because of their platform stability and low operation cost. The increasing usage of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices within ...a network has contributed to the rise of network intrusion issues due to malicious Uniform Resource Locators (URLs). Generally, malicious URLs are initiated to promote scams, attacks, and frauds which can lead to high-risk intrusion. Several methods have been developed to detect malicious URLs in previous works. There has been a good amount of work done to detect malicious URLs using various methods such as random forest, regression, LightGBM, and more as reported in the literature. However, most of the previous works focused on the binary classification of malicious URLs and are tested on limited URL datasets. Nevertheless, the detection of malicious URLs remains a challenging task that remains open to research. Hence, this work proposed a stacking-based ensemble classifier to perform multi-class classification of malicious URLs on larger URL datasets to justify the robustness of the proposed method. This study focuses on obtaining lexical features directly from the URL to identify malicious websites. Then, the proposed stacking-based ensemble classifier is developed by integrating Random Forest, XGBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoost. In addition, hyperparameter tuning was performed using the Randomized Search method to optimize the proposed classifier. The proposed stacking-based ensemble classifier aims to take advantage of the performance of each machine learning model and aggregate the output to improve prediction accuracy. The classification accuracies of the machine learning model when applied individually are 93.6%, 95.2%, 95.7% and 94.8% for random forest, XGBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoost respectively. The proposed stacking-based ensemble classifier has shown significant results in classifying four classes of malicious URLs (phishing, malware, defacement, and benign) with an average accuracy of 96.8% when benchmarked with previous works.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The synthesis and large-sized single crystals of pure and Mg
2+
-doped zinc (tris) thiourea sulfate has been developed using slow evaporation methods at 300 K. The size of the grown crystal for pure, ...2% Mg and 5% Mg-doped ZTS is found to be ~ 15 mm × 17 mm, ~ 20 mm × 18 mm, and 22 mm × 10 mm, respectively. The crystal structural and vibrational modes are identified by powder X-ray diffraction, FT-IR and FT-Raman analyses. The grown crystal with 5% Mg doping possesses higher optical transparency (67%). Optical energy band gap is found ~ 4.36 eV for 2% Mg and ~ 4.41 eV for 5% Mg-doped crystals. Enhancement in PL intensity of UV band was observed due to doping. The third-order nonlinear susceptibility,
χ
3
is found to be enhanced due to doping which is in the order of 10
−3
esu. DSC study confirms that the 5% MgZTS crystals possess higher thermal stability than pure as well as 2% MgZTS. Furthermore, the dielectric study confirms that the grown crystals possess low defects. The microhardness is also found to be enhanced due to doping. All the properties of ZTS are found to be enhanced by Mg doping and make it more suitable for optoelectronic and nonlinear applications compared to pure.
Due to their sessile nature, plants are exposed to various environmental stressors such as exposure to high levels of harmful ultraviolet (UV), ionizing, and non-ionizing radiations. This exposure ...may result in various damages, ranging from DNA and chromosomal aberrations to phenotypic abnormalities. As an adaptation, plants have evolved efficient DNA repair mechanisms to detect and repair any damage caused by exposure to these harmful stressors to ensure their survival. In this study, the effects of gamma radiation (as a source of ionizing radiation) on clonal Ananas comosus var. MD2 was evaluated. The morphology and physiology of the clonal plantlets before and after exposure to gamma radiation were monitored at specific time intervals. The degree of genetic variation between the samples pre- and post-irradiation was also analyzed by using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The resulting data revealed that the heights of the irradiated plantlets were significantly reduced (compared to control), but improved with the recovery period. Irradiated samples also exhibited relatively good photosynthetic efficiency that further improved as the plantlets recover. These observations were supported by the ISSR analysis, where the genetic dissimilarities between the irradiated samples and control were reduced by 0.1017, after 4 weeks of recovery. Overall, our findings suggested that the phenotype recovery of the clonal A. comosus var. MD2 plantlets was contributed by their ability to detect and repair the DNA lesions (as exemplified by the reduction in genetic dissimilarity after 4 weeks) and hence allow the plantlets to undergo phenotype reversion to normal plant stature.
The adoption of automated crop harvesting system based on machine vision may improve productivity and optimize the operational cost. The scope of this study is to obtain visual information at the ...plantation which is crucial in developing an intelligent automated crop harvesting system. This paper aims to develop an automatic detection system with high accuracy performance, low computational cost and lightweight model. Considering the advantages of YOLOv3 tiny, an optimized YOLOv3 tiny network namely YOLO‐P is proposed to detect and localize three objects at palm oil plantation which include fresh fruit bunch, grabber and palm tree under various environment conditions. The proposed YOLO‐P model incorporated lightweight backbone based on densely connected neural network, multi‐scale detection architecture and optimized anchor box size. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed YOLO‐P model achieved good mean average precision and F1 score of 98.68% and 0.97 respectively. Besides, the proposed model performed faster training process and generated lightweight model of 76 MB. The proposed model was also tested to identify fresh fruit bunch of various maturities with accuracy of 98.91%. The comprehensive experimental results show that the proposed YOLO‐P model can effectively perform robust and accurate detection at the palm oil plantation.
Patients with mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), particularly those at higher risk of having ICH progression, are typically prescribed a second head Computer ...Tomography (CT) scan to monitor the disease development. This study aimed to evaluate the role of a repeat head CT in MTBI patients at a higher risk of ICH progression by comparing the intervention rate between patients with and without ICH progression.
192 patients with MTBI and ICH were treated between November 2019 to December 2020 at a single level II trauma center. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was used to classify MTBI, and initial head CT was performed according to the Canadian CT head rule. Patients with a higher risk of ICH progression, including the elderly (≥65 years old), patients on antiplatelets or anticoagulants, or patients with an initial head CT that revealed EDH, contusional bleeding, or SDH > 5 mm, and multiple ICH underwent a repeat head CT within 12 to 24 h later. Data regarding types of intervention, length of stay in the hospital, and outcome were collected. The risk of further neurological deterioration and readmission rates were compared between these two groups. All patients were followed up in the clinic after one month or contacted via phone if they did not return.
189 patients underwent scheduled repeated head CT, 18% had radiological intracranial bleed progression, and 82% had no changes. There were no statistically significant differences in terms of intervention rate, risk of neurological deterioration in the future, or readmission between them.
Repeat head CT in mild TBI patients with no neurological deterioration is not recommended, even in patients with a higher risk of ICH progression.
Two novel series of hydrazinyl thiazolyl coumarin derivatives have been synthesized and fully characterized by IR,
1H NMR,
13C NMR, elemental analysis and mass spectral data. The structures of some ...compounds were further confirmed by X-ray crystallography. All of these derivatives,
10a–
d and
15a–
h, were screened
in vitro for antimicrobial activity against various bacteria species including
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and
Candida albicans. The compounds
10c,
10d and
15e exhibited very good activities against all of the tested microbial strains.
Hydrazinyl thiazolyl coumarin derivatives have been synthesized and screened for
in vitro antimicrobial activities against different microbes including
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Display omitted
► We synthesis new biologically active compounds with various pharmacophores. ► Structural confirmation of the synthesized compounds was done by various spectroscopic techniques. ► All compounds exhibited notable antimicrobial activities against different bacteria including
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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