Chromosomes counting and flow cytometry were used for assessing the ploidy level of various yam accessions of the INRA collection located in Guadeloupe. About 85 different clones were evaluated in ...the D. alata and D. cayenensis-rotundata and four other wild species related to D. cayenensis-rotundata. All the studied clones fitted in 4x, 6x and 8x ploidy levels. No diploid clone was found. Chromosomes counts and flow cytometry data led to the same results. The flow cytometry histograms for D. cayenensis-rotundata were not separated from those of its related wild species. Polyploidisation by fusion of 2n+n gamets was found to be unlikely for the two species D. cayenensis-rotundata and D. alata. Moreover, these results lead to the conclusion that the D. cayenensis-rotundata cultigens and the wild species analysed in this study may belong to the same gene pool.
Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) can be caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) particularly in prolonged therapy and large doses. We present the management and reviewed the ...literature. Sixty-two year old man with, vomiting and hiccups of one week after seven weeks of daily Diclofenac sodium100mg and Meloxicam 15 mg, for body pains. Results: He had asterixis. Laboratories showed pyuria, haematuria, anemia (28%), creatinine (714 µmol/L) and potassium (6.9 mmol/L). Histology showed acute interstitial nephritis. He had cardio-protective-treatment and haemodialysis, with kidney function restoration. Conclusion: NSAIDs should be taken in low, single doses and, for short period to avoid AIN. Haemodialysis is beneficial in restoring kidney function.
Vibrio cholerae 638 is a living candidate cholera vaccine strain attenuated by deletion of the CTXPhi prophage from C7258 (O1, El Tor Ogawa) and by insertion of the Clostridium thermocellum ...endoglucanase A gene into the hemagglutinin/protease coding sequence. This vaccine candidate was previously found to be well tolerated and immunogenic in volunteers. This article reports a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted to test short-term protection conferred by 638 against subsequent V. cholerae infection and disease in volunteers in Cuba. A total of 45 subjects were enrolled and assigned to receive vaccine or placebo. The vaccine contained 10⁹ CFU of freshly harvested 638 buffered with 1.3% NaHCO₃, while the placebo was buffer alone. After vaccine but not after placebo intake, 96% of volunteers had at least a fourfold increase in vibriocidal antibody titers, and 50% showed a doubling of at least the lipopolysaccharide-specific immunoglobulin A titers in serum. At 1 month after vaccination, five volunteers from the vaccine group and five from the placebo group underwent an exploratory challenge study with 10⁹ CFU of DeltaCTXPhi attenuated mutant strain V. cholerae 81. Only two volunteers from the vaccine group shed strain 81 in their feces, but none of them experienced diarrhea; in the placebo group, all volunteers excreted the challenge strain, and three had reactogenic diarrhea. An additional 12 vaccinees and 9 placebo recipients underwent challenge with 7 x 10⁵ CFU of virulent strain V. cholerae 3008 freshly harvested from a brain heart infusion agar plate and buffered with 1.3% NaHCO₃. Three volunteers (25%) from the vaccine group and all from the placebo group shed the challenge agent in their feces. None of the 12 vaccinees but 7 volunteers from the placebo group had diarrhea, and 2 of the latter exhibited severe cholera (>5,000 g of diarrheal stool). These results indicate that at 1 month after ingestion of a single oral dose (10⁹ CFU) of strain 638, volunteers remained protected against cholera infection and disease provoked by the wild-type challenge agent V. cholerae 3008. We recommend that additional vaccine lots of 638 be prepared under good manufacturing practices for further evaluation.
Licensed as well as candidate cholera vaccines available at the present requires the dose preparation (included buffer) at the moment of application. The aim of this work was to evaluate the ...presentation in oral tablets of an inactivated cholera vaccine to avoid that inconveniences during application. We have therefore compared inactivated cultures of
Vibrio cholerae with tablets formulation vaccine. We obtained that antigenic activity (ELISA) and immunogenicity in animal model (ELISA and vibriocidal tests) of
V. cholerae inactivated cell remained unaltered in the final tablet formulation. The results suggest that the oral tablet formulation could be a useful pharmaceutical form in order to produce a new and affordable cholera vaccine.
Viruslike symptoms were observed in epidemic proportions in tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., in Guadeloupe and Martinique each year since 1992 and 1993, respectively, and in Puerto Rico since ...1994 (1,3). Many tomato fields in Guadeloupe and Martinique had more than 70% of plants expressing symptoms of chlorotic mottling, leaf distortion, leaf rolling, and stunting in 1995 and 1996. The B biotype of Bemisia tabaci (aka B. argentifolii) was associated with all these epidemics. Ninety-three samples of tomato were collected from multiple locations from each island (65 samples from Guadeloupe, 11 from Martinique, and 17 from Puerto Rico) and assayed for the presence of geminivirus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with broad spectrum primers, PAL1v1978 and PAR1c496 for the A component, and PBL1v2040 and PCRc154 for the B component (4). Most samples tested positive for geminivirus (98% from Guadeloupe, 100% from Martinique, and 82% from Puerto Rico). Restriction analyses of amplified A component fragment with SacI, EcoRI, and AluI, and amplified B component fragment with EcoRI, AluI, VspI, PstI, and HaeIII were conducted on 34 samples (25 from Guadeloupe, six from Martinique, and three from Puerto Rico). All samples produced very similar restriction patterns, suggesting that they were infected by the same virus. One to three clones of amplified fragments of A and B components, obtained from one plant sample from each location, were at least 98.7% identical in sequence to each other and were 89.6% and 75.2 to 75.7% identical to equivalent regions in potato yellow mosaic virus (PYMV) A and B DNA, respectively (GenBank accession nos. D00940 and D00941). This isolate of PYMV was collected from potato in Venezuela in 1985 (2). Infectious full-length genomic clones of A and B component DNA from Guadeloupe were derived from the same tissue as the PCR-generated clones, and nucleotide sequences were found to be 99.1 and 99% identical to the PCR-generated fragments of A and B DNA, respectively. Nucleotide sequences of these full-length clones were 92.6 and 89.4% identical to full-length sequences of PYMV A and B DNA, respectively. The DNA sequence identity of the common regions of the A and B components between the Guadeloupe virus and PYMV was 95.1 and 91.6%, respectively. There was a nucleotide identity of 93% in the first 125 nucleotides of the coat protein gene. The virus found in Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Puerto Rico appears to be a strain of PYMV reported from Venezuela. This strain of PYMV is at least partially responsible for the epidemics in tomato in Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Puerto Rico. The similarity among geminivirus sequences at distant locations (Puerto Rico to Martinique is approximately 600 km) is unexpected and could be due to recent introductions. References: (1) J. K. Brown et al. Plant Dis. 79:1250, 1995. (2) R. H. A. Coutts et al. J. Gen. Virol. 72:1515, 1991. (3) B. Hostachy et al. Phytoma 456:24, 1993. (4) M. R. Rojas et al. Plant Dis. 77:340, 1993.
We report the specific heat measurement of single crystalline Ce sub(3)Pd sub(20)Si sub(6 ) and the resultant magnetic phase diagram for the direction of B // 100, In zero field, we confirmed two ...successive phase transitions at T = 0.24 K and 0.4 K. The magnetic phase diagram clearly shows a phase boundary of paramagnetic phase I, quadrupole ordered phase II and II'.
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