This book explores the shift from colonial rule to independence in India and Pakistan, with the aim of unravelling the explicit meaning and relevance of 'independence' for the new citizens of India ...and Pakistan during the two decades post 1947. While the study of postcolonial South Asia has blossomed in recent years, this volume addresses a number of imbalances in this dynamic and highly popular field. Firstly, the histories of India and Pakistan after 1947 have been conceived separately, with many scholars assuming that the two states developed along divergent paths after independence. Thus, the dominant historical paradigm has been to examine either India or Pakistan in relative isolation from one another. Viewing the two states in the same frame not only allows the contributors of this volume to explore common themes, but also facilitates an exploration of the powerful continuities between the pre- and post-independence periods.
DC microgrids (DCMGs) integrate and coordinate various DC distribution generation units including various renewable energy sources and battery storage systems, and have been used in satellites, the ...International Space Station, telecom power stations, computer power supplies, electric aircraft, and electric ships. However, the presence of constant power loads (CPLs) can cause instability in DCMGs. Thus, this paper reviews the stabilization techniques that can resolve instability caused by CPLs, as well as various parameters of CPLs, such as bandwidth, and the frequency of the CPLs that can stabilize the DCMGs. It also discusses recent trends and future work in finding stability limits using the parameters of CPLs. It should be useful for directing research towards appropriate mathematical and experimental approaches for the stability of DCMGs with CPLs.
To a great extent, Annexation and the Unhappy Valley is a product of its time, in that it takes up the challenge represented by the wider drive since the 1990s to seek to transcend metropole-colony ...divides and produce greater interconnectedness—“connected histories”—something that we see taking place both in relation to South Asia and empire more widely, and transcending disciplinary boundaries. By encouraging “Empire historians” and “historians of colonial rule in India” (clearly not necessa...
Pioneering Pakistani female journalist Zeb-un-Nissa Hamidullah in her ‘Between ourselves: a weekly feature for women’ columns, which appeared in Karachi's English-language daily newspaper Dawn during ...the late 1940s and early 1950s, encouraged her readers to stretch rather than breach the boundaries in how (educated) Pakistani women—as ‘good wives and wise mothers’—should fulfil their familial (and wider social) responsibilities. Her advice—which often took the form of ‘homespun’ homilies—consistently flagged up the crucial role of women, whose duties included not simply overseeing their children's behaviour but teaching their offspring, through their own emotional responses, how to feel. In their capacity as mothers, women needed to exercise sabr (patience and perseverance) when providing all-important emotional training for future Pakistani citizens who—like the state—were still in the process of being made. Accordingly, this article discusses the spatially defined context in which ‘Between ourselves’ appeared—that is, Dawn itself and the fast-expanding city of Karachi which was rife with uncertainties—before turning to the emotional ‘good practice’ that Hamidullah promoted.
Context: Hyperuricemia is a metabolic syndrome characterized by a high serum uric acid level with an increased risk of gout, diabetes, cardiovascular and renal disease. Allopurinol is a widely known ...xanthine oxidase inhibitor that lowers serum uric acid production. Documented adverse effects of the drug raise the need for a natural alternative for xanthine oxidase inhibitor that is safe and effective. This research is driven to address the need by capitalizing on previous studies made on the Dillenia species showing nephroprotective and antihyperuricemic activity. Aims: To evaluate the antioxidant capacity, xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, and acute toxicity of Dillenia philippinensis; a plant locally known as Katmon and endemic to the Philippines. Methods: The D. philippinensis ethanolic leaf extract (DPELE) was partitioned using solvents of different polarities, hexane, ethyl acetate, and butanol. The antioxidant activity of the DPELE and the sub-extracts was assessed using nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays against ascorbic acid, while the xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity was examined against allopurinol as a standard. The acute toxicity was performed using Sprague-Dawley rats following OECD 425 guidelines. Results: The D. philippinensis ethyl acetate fraction (DPEAF) had the highest scavenging activity of nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl (IC50 = 210.00, 70.92 and 59.88 µg/mL) free radicals, respectively. Also, the xanthine oxidase dose-dependent inhibitory activity was observed to be highest in the DPEAF with an IC50 = 23.09 µg/mL. Lastly, neither toxicity nor mortalities were observed in rats treated with the DPELE and the DPEAF for 14 days. The approximate lethal dose for DPELE and DPEAF was higher than 2000 mg/kg BW. Conclusions: This study shows that the DPELE and DPEAF are potential sources of natural antioxidants and xanthine oxidase inhibitors, which may be used in the treatment of hyperuricemia and are presumed safe to be used orally.
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