Improving the management of protected areas through the implementation of planned management measures is of key importance for the adequate protection and conservation of protected areas. One of the ...many opportunities that can be undertaken in this sense is volunteering, which is a basic and key means of active participation of citizens in solving the issues of wider community. Volunteering contributes to the creation of a stable and, for the individual, attractive social community that offers the possibility of action in the field of nature protection and management of protected areas. The aim of this paper is to analyze the results achieved through various volunteering activities within protected areas, as models of good practice, as well as to provide an overview of the possibilities for increasing the capacity of managers in human and material resources in the process of managing protected areas, which includes the process of involving volunteers. The results of various projects show that volunteers can contribute to the management's activities in different ways, and primarily by performing specific tasks for which the managers lack enough capacity. Moreover, volunteering within protected areas achieves a higher level of awareness among individuals, especially young people, about growing problems in the field of nature protection, challenges in managing protected areas, but also about the way each individual can contribute to the conservation of nature for future generations.
The Great War Island (GWI) is an area of importance for the protection of the environment, cultural and historical heritage of Belgrade, Serbia. According to the International Union for Conservation ...of Nature (IUCN) this area belongs to the IV category - Habitats and Other Regulated Areas. The main objectives of this paper are to evaluate the potential impacts of pollution on ecosystem services of the Great War Island and to explore different scenarios for future urban development of the Great War Island that will have implication for human well-being. The aims of this paper are set up based on the evaluation of ecosystem services of the Great War Island and assessment of the pollution status of the Great War Island. In order to evaluate pollution status of the GWI inorganic and organic composition of sediments were examined. Additionally, the content of microelements was determined in the leaves of the Salix alba L. Pollution indices indicate that all investigated sampling sites are polluted and correspond to high and very high degree of contamination. Cd and Cu show high to extremely high degree of contamination while Sb has extremely high degree of contamination. Content of As, Co, Cu, Ni and Zn in leaves of Salix alba L. is in sufficient to normal range, while content of Cd is between the sufficient and excessive values generalized for various species. Typical oil distributions of terpanes and steranes and values of the corresponding maturity parameters clearly indicated that the sediments of the GWI, in addition to native organic matter, contained oil pollutants of anthropogenic origin. GWI provides provisioning, regulating, supporting and cultural ecosystem services. In relation to ecosystem services two possible scenarios can be predicted: first - losing the status of a protected area due to urbanization; and the second - increasing the degree of protection by admission into international protection lists.
•The Great War Island (GWI) is ecological, historical and recreational protected area.•The GWI is unique case that protected area is located so close to urban area.•Pollution indices show that sediments have high degree of contamination.•Urbanization and pollution at the GWI are considered a major threat to biodiversity.•International protection lists will contribute to increase of the ecosystem services.
City parks, public green areas, tree lines and other areas with conserved vegetation are invaluable for the inhabitants of urban areas. For that reason, it is necessary to conserve all these areas as ...much as possible, primarily by establishing a system of green areas of the city. The ultimate goal is to improve the planned system of green areas into "green infrastructure", by integrating with other areas close to nature. Particularly valuable elements of the city's green infrastructure system are protected areas that meet additional criteria evaluated in the process of acquiring the protection status. The first legal protection of natural areas on the territory of Belgrade was implemented in 1949, when the protection included 41 trees as a rare specimen of a plant and a rare specimen of an allochthonous species. Over time, the protection has expanded both towards the protection of individual natural rarities and towards the protection of the areas. This paper presents the protection of nature and natural values in the city of Belgrade from the very beginning until today, with the aim of informing the general public about protection in this area over time, but also about opportunities for establishing new protected areas, since harmonizing the need to conserve biodiversity and generally natural values on the one hand, and ensuring social prosperity on the other, nowadays represents a special challenge and goal to be pursued.
In the 19th century, the region of Metohija was a part of the Old Serbia which, as a geographical term, arose under the influence of changes in the state, following the liberation of the Principality ...of Serbia. The Metohija Basin is oval in shape, a clearly bordered and distinct area surrounded by the Prokletije and Sar-Planina Mountains. There are numerous cultural and natural resources in the region of Metohija, which are of exceptional value to world, European and national heritage. The monasteries and churches are title deeds of the Serbian presence, creativity and identity in this region over centuries, as well as a confirmation of the Serbian territorial integrity and sovereignty. They are borderlines of the sovereign Serbian state. The demolition of Serbian Orthodox churches and monasteries, the destruction of cemeteries and cultural monuments, is present as a part of a wider Albanian strategy, with the aim of changing not only the demographic, but also the cultural and historical identity of the province. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the system of protection and the current state of cultural and natural resources in the region of Metohija, as well as to define the risks and threats that they are exposed to, and thereby indicate the direction to follow in order to improve and preserve the Serbian national heritage in the region of Metohija. Apart from theoretical methods such as content analysis and a comparative method, due to complexity of the research, this paper includes an observation method involving frequent field visits. The Delphi method was used, a group expert interview, in order to obtain value judgements which relate to the topic of the research, as well as a selective study of Focused sampling, which was applied to individuals of special interest to this study. The protection of national heritage is one of the functions of the state, an activity carried out by expert and scientific institutions, an act of responsibility and choice of civil society. The measures of protection of the Serbian national heritage in the Metohija region, observed over longer period, have shown to be non-functional and inefficient, and therefore require functional and institutional adjustment to the current situation in the region, in order to improve the protection and preservation of the Serbian national heritage. The implementation of all encompassing measures of long-term protection of the Serbian national heritage in the Metohija region is essential, as there is a serious threat of irreversible destruction of a significant part of the cultural heritage in particular. In order to protect and preserve, as well as renew the national heritage, the greatest responsibility lies with the Republic of Serbia, but also with other international organisations and institutions, having in mind the current international protectorate over the southern province of Serbia.
Prostor Metohije je predstavljao u 19. veku deo Stare Srbije koja je kao geografski naziv nastala pod uticajem državnih promena iza oslobođenja Kneževine Srbije. Metohijska kotlina je ovalnog oblika, jasno ograničena i izdvojena oblast okružena Prokletijama i Šar planinom. Na prostoru Metohije se nalazi veliki broj kulturnih i prirodnih dobara koja predstavljaju izuzetne vrednosti svetskog, evropskog i nacionalnog nasleđa. Manastiri i crkve su tapije vekovnog postojanja, stvaralaštva i identiteta Srba na ovom prostoru kao i potvrda srpskog teritorijalnog integriteta i suvereniteta. Oni su kameni međaši suverene srpske države. Na tom prostoru prisutno je uništavanje srpskih pravoslavnih crkava i manastira, zatiranja grobalja i spomenika kulture kao deo jedne šire albanske strategije čiji je cilj da promeni, ne samo demografski već i, kulturno-istorijski identitet pokrajine. Osnovni cilj rada je da se analizom sistema zaštite i postojećeg stanja kulturnih i prirodnih dobara na prostoru Metohije, kao i definisanjem rizika i pretnji kojima su izloženi ukaže na pravce kojima se treba kretati i rukovoditi kako bi se unapredila i sprovela zaštita i očuvanje srpske nacionalne baštine na prostoru Metohije. U radu se, zbog kompleksnosti istraživanja, osim teorijskih metoda kao što su analiza sadržaja i komparativne metode koristila i metoda posmatranja čestim prisustvom na terenu. Korišćena je Delfi metoda, grupni ekspertski intervju za dobijanje vrednosnih sudova koji se odnose na predmet istraživanja, kao i selektivna studija Fokusirani sempling koji je primenjen na pojedince posebno interesantne za ovaj rad. Zaštita nacionalne baštine je jedna od funkcija države, delatnost stručnih i naučnih institucija, obaveza i sloboda građanskog delovanja i ponašanja. Sistem mera zaštite srpske nacionalne baštine na prostoru Metohije, posmatrano kroz duži period, pokazao se nefunkcionalnim i neefikasnim pa je, stoga, neophodno u funkcionalnom i institucionalnom smislu njegovo prilagođavanje aktuelnoj situaciji na tom prostoru, a sve u cilju unapređenja njene zaštite i očuvanja. Neophodno je preduzimanje sveobuhvatnih mera dugoročne zaštite srpske nacionalne baštine na prostoru Metohije, jer preti ozbiljna opasnost nepovratnog gubitka velikog dela, posebno kulturnih dobara. U cilju očuvanja i zaštite, kao i obnove baštine najveća odgovornost je pred Republikom Srbijom, ali i pred međunarodnim organizacijama i institucijama s obzirom na trenutni međunarodni protektorat nad srpskom južnom pokrajinom.
Përvoja e Trajnimit të Nëpunësve civilë në Serbi Zlatanović, Ivana; Antonijević, Snežana
Politika dhe Administrimi Publik: Sfida dhe Sinergji. Kumtesa të zgjedhura nga Konferenca e 16-të vjetore e NISPAcee Bratislavë 2008,
2009
Book Chapter
Integrimi në BE, pozicionimi në "Hapësirën Administrative Evropiane", rregullimet në ndryshime të mjedisit, ato të orientimit të qytetarëve, janë vetëm disa nga kërkesat
me të cilat përballet ...administrata shtetërore në Serbi. Zbatimi i suksesshëm i reformës në administratën shtetërore, është reflektuar mbi të gjitha në përmirësimin e
efikasitetit dhe efektivitetit të punës së saj. Elementi kyç për zbatimin e pergjithshëm të saj kërkon krijimin e një sistemi të zhvillimit profesional, i cili do të sigurojë përmirësimin e vazhdueshëm të njohurive profesionale dhe aftësive të nëpunësit civil. Vetëm në këtë mënyrë, të punësuarit do të jenë në gjendje për të mbajtur ritmin me kërkesat profesionale në rritje në aspektin e njohurive, me kërkesën e aplikimit të teknologjive dhe metodave të reja të punës, me kërkesën për zhvillim të standardeve të reja dhe ofrimin e shërbimeve për qytetarët.
In this study, the samples of the spatial soil and organs of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera) cultivar Tamjanika were collected from the selected zones near the Mining and Smelting Complex Bor (East ...Serbia). They were analyzed by ICP-OES to determine the content of Cu, Zn, Pb, As, Cd, and Ni with the aim of ascertaining if these data may help in the assessment and improvement of the quality of environment in polluted areas such as Bor and its surrounding area. The results obtained from the calculated biological and enrichment factors, as well as from the Pearson correlation study and hierarchical cluster analysis confirmed that very useful information is recorded in plant organs: root, stem, leaves, and fruit. Yet, when the atmospheric pollution is the sphere of interest, the most informative data are found in unwashed leaves. The results of this study indicated also that the investigated plant species has some highly effective strategies involved in tolerance to the stress induced by heavy metals, which makes it an excellent candidate for phytostabilization purposes. Planting of this grapevine cultivar can be recommended in all areas that are severely polluted with heavy metals.
It has been demonstrated that sulfur–sulfur interactions can exist in various molecular systems. In this work we investigated sulfur–sulfur interactions in crystal structures of small molecules by ...analyzing geometric data from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) and by quantum chemical calculations. The analysis of cysteine residues (R-CH2SH) in the crystal structures from the CSD indicates that in the sulfur–sulfur interactions the preferred is the parallel orientation of two C–S–H planes. Quantum chemical calculations were performed on model systems of methanethiol dimers. The most stable geometry of methanethiol dimer with parallel orientation of C–S–H planes is significantly strong; the interaction energy is −1.80 kcal/mol calculated at the very accurate CCSD(T)/CBS level. However, the strongest sulfur–sulfur interaction in methanethiol dimer (−2.20 kcal/mol) is the geometry with the σ-hole interaction, where the positive potential on one sulfur atom (σ-hole) interacts with negative potential on the sulfur atom of the second molecule. SAPT decomposition of the interaction energies was performed in order to explain the nature of the interactions. This study points out the importance of parallel interactions of cysteine residues and can be useful for recognizing the sulfur–sulfur interactions in the crystal structures and biomolecules.
Experimental investigations of the effectiveness of the pretreatment of the acid leaching process of a representative sample of electric arc furnace dust (EAF dust) and characterization of a ...representative sample were performed. As EAF dust is globally defined as hazardous solid industrial waste, and it contains a high percentage of zinc and other useful components, in this paper, the application of pretreatment will be carried out in order to increase the efficiency of the further process of acid leaching, all with the aim of using EAF dust as a secondary raw material for metal valorization. The pretreatment involved the application of a simple process of leaching the EAF dust sample with distilled water. Under the following defined optimal leaching conditions: time—30 min, ratio of solid to liquid phase—1:10, temperature—ambient, and stirring speed—500 rpm, a reduction in the content of water-soluble components was achieved, namely, 83% Cl, 92% K, 74% Na, 14% Cd, 15% Ca, and 19% F. The application of the pretreatment enables significantly better filtration of the suspension and increases the leaching efficiency of zinc and other useful components in the further process of leaching EAF dust with a sulfuric acid solution, compared with the process of direct acid leaching of EAF dust.
The literature dealing with copper behaviour in chloride media in the presence of azoles is studied in order to improve understanding of their action mechanism, protective films formed, and the ...possibility of their application according to the inhibition efficiency achieved. The corrosion inhibition effect results from inhibitor molecule adsorption on copper surface and formation of the protective complex coating. According to the results summarised, copper corrosion may be successfully inhibited by benzotriazole, phenyl derivatives of tetrazole, bypyrazoles and 2-methyl-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole in NaCl solutions, and in HCl solutions by 5-chloro benzotriazole, 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole, and 4-methylimidazole.
To increase the degree of cobalt (Co) extraction, the process of the cathode material leaching was performed in a sulfuric acid (H
2
SO
4
) solution containing sulfur dioxide (SO
2
) as a reducing ...agent. To provide a high resolution of the obtained results, frequent monitoring of Co concentrations in leached solution was conducted using an ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer with several specific modifications related to the connection of the reaction vessel with the instrumental cuvette. The maximum degree of Co leaching (99.4%) was achieved with H
2
SO
4
concentration of 3 mol/L, solid phase concentration of 33 g/L, temperature of 85 °C, SO
2
volume flow of 2 L/min, and leaching time of 60 min. The results of the performed kinetic analyses indicated that the Avrami equation best describes the investigated leaching process, which later was supported by the results of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses. Also, the activation energy of 28 ± 3 kJ/mol is in favor of the fact that the process of Co leaching was controlled by the factors, such as diffusion and chemical reaction. The results of this study indicated that SO
2
can be used as an effective reducing agent in the investigated process.
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