Advanced manufacturing in the context of the digital thread has mainly focused on process information related to the integration of machining processes, tools, operations, and specific manufacturing ...parameters. However, no unified information model has been developed to represent specific manufacturing process in 3D printing. This work therefore proposes a STEP/STEP-NC-compliant process data model to define specific application objects and entities, to model manufacturing data relationships and constraints, and to standardize process parameters through extended 3D printing concepts in fused deposition modelling (FDM). This data model describes manufacturing layers, deposition operations and process parameters in the context of the digital thread. As a special feature, manufacturing layers provide geometric information to layered operations based on STEP/STEP-NC standards for additive manufacturing (AM). Deposition operations specify the definitions of print devices or headers, header paths, FDM technology and functions, and even deposition strategy. Process parameters mainly provide process information in the FDM process. Finally, a conformance testing process is developed, focussed on manufacturing layers and header paths and by means of information exchange.
A key enabler for innovation in manufacturing is the competent use of advanced measuring equipment. As reported 1, 2, operators with their decisions are frequently the most relevant error sources in ...Coordinate Metrology, especially when dealing with new measuring technologies supporting Digital Manufacturing. In this article, new concepts for structuring of learning material as well as development and distribution of learning material for training in Coordinate Metrology are presented. A 10-steps model is used to structure training material and new tools are presented for a global collaboration in development, updating and distribution of learning material. With the methods used, fast and efficient learning material update and distribution is made available to meet the ongoing development of measuring equipment and international standards and bridge the world of Education and Industry 4.0.
Reverse engineering and shape reconstruction play an important role in design and manufacturing through the increased use of shape acquisition and processing technologies in the product development ...process. The application of shape theories to geometric modelling and variability characterization are paving the way to shape engineering and more generic methods for reverse engineering.
This paper investigates the fundamentals of shape representation, shape processing and mining at a conceptual, geometric and computational level to address geometric reverse engineering issues in mechanical design. New developed concepts based on discrete curvatures and their applications are presented. Challenges and future researches are also highlighted.
Geometric part deviations, which are inevitably observed on every manufactured workpiece, have distinct effects on the assemblability as well as on the function and quality of physical artefacts. As ...a consequence, geometric variations management is an important issue for manufacturing companies. However, assessing the effects of form deviations already in virtual product realization remains an important challenge. This paper illustrates and summarizes the current status and development trends of the Skin Model Shape paradigm, which provides an operationalization and a digital representation of the Skin Model concept for modelling product shape variability and hence may serve as a comprehensive model for computer-aided variations management.
The design of innovative reference aspheric and freeform optical elements was investigated with the aim of calibration and verification of ultra-high accurate measurement systems. The verification is ...dedicated to form error analysis of aspherical and freeform optical surfaces based on minimum zone fitting. Two thermo-invariant material measures were designed, manufactured using a magnetorheological finishing process and selected for the evaluation of a number of ultra-high-precision measurement machines. All collected data sets were analysed using the implemented robust reference minimum zone (Hybrid Trust Region) fitting algorithm to extract the values of form error. Agreement among the results of several partners was observed, which demonstrates the establishment of a traceable reference full metrology chain for aspherical and freeform optical surfaces with small amplitudes.
The digitalization of manufacturing fuels the application of sophisticated virtual product models, which are referred to as digital twins, throughout all stages of product realization. Particularly, ...more realistic virtual models of manufactured products are essential to bridge the gap between design and manufacturing and to mirror the real and virtual worlds. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive reference model based on the concept of Skin Model Shapes, which serves as a digital twin of the physical product in design and manufacturing. In this regard, model conceptualization, representation, and implementation as well as applications along the product life-cycle are addressed.
ISO 2692 core concepts: Maximum Material Requirement (MMR) and Least Material Requirement (LMR) are well established for functional tolerancing and are used to guarantee assemblability, extremal ...values of clearance and minimum wall thickness. The LMR has not been extensively investigated in research and still not enough considered in industrial practices. In this paper, LMR’s capability to devise requirements on assemblies with clearance is shown, and the conformity assessment, in dimensional metrology, based on Least Material Virtual Size is presented. A case study demonstrates the effectiveness of this work. New insights for virtual size representation within tolerance zone are also discussed.
Over the past 70 years, product design has undergone many important changes due to the impact of contemporary digital technologies (i.e. digital design).
To support digital design and information ...flow throughout the product lifecycle, the digital-driven technologies currently in use rely on the evolution of CAD and PLM systems to address new design and manufacturing challenges generated by the new era of 4.0 digital transformation.
This paper will discuss the past and present coevolution and shortcomings within industrial organisations, the digital technologies employed in the product development cycle and will illustrate the current challenges and future prospects of the digital thread for design.
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