The combination of IrCl(CO)(PPh3)2 with 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane or poly(methylhydrosiloxane) (PMHS) is found to be an efficient catalyst system for the preparation of aldenamines from ...carboxamides; in particular, facile removal of silicone and iridium residues from the product can be achieved by the use of PMHS.
The internal quantum efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) has reached nearly 100%, and thus further improvement in the external quantum efficiency can be achieved only through ...outcoupling enhancement. However, light propagation in OLEDs for achieving high outcoupling has mainly been controlled not by the internal organic semiconductor layers but by external optical elements, which inevitably increase process cost. Here, a method is proposed for outcoupling enhancement that actively controls the refractive index of a hole transport layer (HTL) in OLEDs using a stably evaporable perfluororesin, which has a low refractive index and high amorphousness. The co-deposition of the perfluororesin with a hole transport material lowers the refractive index of the HTL to 1.56 at 550 nm without deteriorating the electrical properties. Owing to the nano-sized pillar-like phase separation between the perfluororesin and the hole transport material, the path of charge transport is retained. Using the low-index co-deposited HTL, a 1.22-fold enhancement of the outcoupling efficiency of a phosphorescent OLED is demonstrated. The proposed method can be generally applied to OLEDs to significantly enhance their outcoupling efficiency without increasing process cost. The results show the potential of active refractive index control as a major strategy for achieving further high-efficiency OLEDs.
A significant enhancement of outcoupling efficiency of OLEDs is demonstrated by the active refractive index control of amorphous organic semiconductors using a stably evaporable perfluororesin, which forms a nano-sized phase-separation structure.
At the J-PARC muon facility (MUSE), new beamlines started operation recently. H-line is a high-intensity pulsed muon beamline for fundamental physics experiments. The first beam of the H-line was ...delivered to its first branch (H1 area) in January 2022, where a precise measurement of the muonium hyperfine structure and a search for μ-e conversion will be conducted. Further extension of the second branch of the H-line for a muon g-2/EDM experiment and a transmission muon microscope project is also ongoing. In addition, the second branch of the surface muon beamline (S2 area of the S-line) was opened for a muonium 1S-2S spectroscopy experiment in FY2021. In this paper, the recent upgrade and present status of the J-PARC muon facility and its prospects are presented.
The rice production system in Japan is changing due to the aging of rice farmers, shortage of labor, mechanization, and increase of large-scale rice fields and increased application of direct sowing, ...all of which contribute to the lack of sophisticated weed management practices. Because the changing production system has not improved and likely worsened weed management practices, weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) has become a serious threat to rice production in Japan. We analyzed weedy rice accessions from Nagano, the central part of Japan, and other rice accessions to elucidate the origin of this weedy rice using a whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. For developing sustainable weedy rice management practices, the elucidation of the origin of re-emerging weedy rice is crucial. Population genetic analysis indicated that weedy rice in Nagano was phylogenetically independent from the local red rice cultivar with low genetic diversity. Past and recently re-emerging weedy rice ecotypes in Nagano shared a similar genetic background which implies the evolution of weedy rice by severe natural selection. Window-based FST and selection sweep analysis revealed the divergence of some of the known key domestication-related genes, such as shattering gene sh4 and qsh1, of weedy rice from domesticated rice cultivars.
Objectives. To investigate the add-on effect of solifenacin for Japanese men with remaining overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms after tamsulosin monotherapy for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) ...suggestive of benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) in real-life clinical practice. Methods. Patients aged ≥ 50 having remaining OAB symptoms (≥ 3 of OAB symptom score (OABSS) with ≥2 of urgency score) after at least 4 weeks treatment by 0.2 mg of tamsulosin for BPO/LUTS received 2.5 or 5.0 mg of solifenacin for 12 weeks. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), QOL index and OABSS, maximum flow rate (Qmax) and postvoid residual urine volume (PVR) were determined. Results. A total of 48 patients (mean age 72.5 years) completed the study. There were significant improvement in IPSS (15.1 to 11.2) and QOL index (4.2 to 3.0) by add-on of solifenacin. Although the IPSS storage symptom score was significantly improved, there were no changes observed in the IPSS voiding symptom score. The OABSS showed significant improvement (8.0 to 4.8). No changes were observed in Qmax and PVR. Conclusions. Under the supervision of an experienced urologist, the additional administration of solifenacin to patients with BPO/LUTS treated with tamsulosin, is effective in controlling remaining OAB symptoms.
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