The federation of models is a pillar of the BIM (Building Information Modelling) approach: it allows to keep the contents of each discipline separate during the modelling-creation phase, and to merge ...them together later during the project management phase, from its feasibility to the construction site, to the management of the entire life-cycle of the building.Generally, these models refer to specific disciplines and the architectural, plant and structural model are always identified.When the asset belongs to Cultural Heritage, more generically an existing building, the BIM approach (at this point HBIM - Historic Building Information Modelling) is faced with an additional level of complexity since it is necessary to model something existing (the building in fact) and of which not much information is known. The geometric complexity of the asset often aggravates this situation because if the parametric modelling is preferred, it is difficult to represent such irregular morphologies, and if the surface modelling and a more geometrical detail is preferred, the model becomes very heavy.In many cases the choice is to approximate reality as best as possible through specific and tailor-made modelling approaches, often complex and with some borderline methods, if compared to BIM logic. In other cases, however, it makes sense to define when the geometric complexity and the reliability of the model are necessary, and when, instead, a simplification is required in order to effectively manage the information.The case study presented in this paper is the Arch of Augustus, in Aosta, for the HBIM approach it has been chosen to separate the two approaches,placing side by side the federated models referred to the classical disciplines with two models of the current state: one very accurate with the purpose of maintaining all the quality of acquired 3D geometric information, while the other absolutely schematic, necessary as a 3D index for the information.The approach described here, however, requires a preliminary reflection in order to define the BIM granularity - the smallest object in the model - and to define the methodological procedures that allow the bidirectional relationship between survey model and conceptual model. This paper provides insigth oif the importance of the relation between survey model and conseptual model. Future works will try to make this relation more stronger and efficient.
HBIM AND THEMATIC MAPPING: PRELIMINARY RESULTS Delpozzo, D.; Treccani, D.; Appolonia, L. ...
International archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences.,
02/2022, Letnik:
XLVI-2/W1-2022
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Geomatics' interest in Building Information Modelling (BIM) processes applied to Cultural Heritage is evolving in many directions. The traditional fields of Geomatics -data acquisition and ...processing- have been largely dealt with about HBIM (Historical Building Information Modelling) systems, but there are still some issues that need to be explored in more detail. In addition to modelling, it is essential to consider the information content of the model, how it is generated, recorded and managed.If the objective of the HBIM model is the conservation project, it becomes essential to understand what types of data can be inserted in the model, how to record them and, above all, what their purpose is. The HBIM approach did not start out as a simple data repository, but as an information tool with the aim of helping the designer at all stages of the construction process. Moving to the field of preservation, much information about the building is represented by thematic maps. They allow to have a graphical image of the state of conservation of a façade or to understand the structural situation of a building.This research, tested on the Arch of Augustus in Aosta, starts from the big amount of data acquired by the RAVA Laboratory of the Superintendency of Aosta during a long period. These data allowed to test different approaches to thematic mapping, according to the specific themes to be represented (previous restoration interventions, diagnostics, decay mapping, etc). Anyway, this experiment also required a theoretical reasoning that preceded the operational phases. Faced with a new system, in fact, it is always advisable to reason about the method applied, to avoid the error of simply translating a method that could instead be developed in new directions. The question, to which this article wants only to begin answering, concerns the role of thematic mappings in the preservation design made by a HBIM approach, their necessity and their implementation towards a truly three-dimensional data, which thus maintains all the information that is acquired directly in three dimensions and which instead, today, are reprojected in 2D or used as a placeholder in the 3D space.
On the stone cultural heritage, the influence of architecture-related microenvironmental features on lichen diversity, abundance and consequent threats for conservation has been still poorly ...characterized to support management plans. Such relationships were here investigated on the vertical surfaces of the House of the Ancient Hunt in Pompeii, archaeological site in S-Italy where the variability of lichen saxicolous communities has been still completely neglected despite their widespread occurrence. Lichen colonization in semiconfined rooms was sporadic and limited to Dirina massiliensis, while a remarkable turnover of six communities, encompassing 22 species, characterized mortar, painted and plastered surfaces in outdoor environments, with local covers up to 80%. Microscopic and spectroscopic analyses displayed the deteriogenic potential of three dominant species, due to hyphal penetration within paint and plaster layers (Verrucaria macrostoma) and the release of oxalic acid and/or secondary metabolites with acidic and chelating functions (D. massiliensis, Lepraria lobificans). A higher vertical distance of surfaces from the ground and a larger room dimension were the main conditional factors related to a higher lichen abundance and the distribution of the different communities. Such knowledge on architecture-related microenvironmental features driving lichen distribution and biodeterioration threats may contribute to address restoration priorities and conservation strategies.
•Lichens are remarkable biodeteriogens in the Pompeii archaeological area.•Different species display different physical and/or chemical deteriogenic potential.•Species turnover is detected between and within the rooms of a Pompeian house.•Architecture-related environmental features drive distribution of lichen communities.•Knowledge on driving factors of lichen distribution addresses restoration priorities.
The archaeometric study of ancient mortars can provide important information relating to the raw materials used and their provenance. A mineralogical and petrographic study based on optical and ...electron microscopy on mortars from the Roman Theatre of Aosta (NW Italy) was carried out. The construction of the theatre is believed to have taken place a few decades after the foundation of
Augusta Praetoria
, the ancient city of Aosta, in 25 BC. Both original and mortars belonging to four different subsequent restoration interventions were studied. It was possible to detect the areas of origin of the materials used for the historical mortars, which were of local provenance, being characterized by abundant metamorphic minerals, typical of Alpine orogeny. X-ray element maps were also created to better define the distribution of aggregate, binder and porosity. The characterization of the binder was obtained by creating two-dimensional maps of the hydraulic index. These made it possible to distinguish aerial mortar from the Roman age samples and hydraulic mortars for subsequent restorations.
Fungal particulates are a dominant component of the bioaerosol, but aerobiological studies traditionally focused on a limited set of fungi having relevance as allergens or plant pathogens. This study ...first analyzes the occurrence of lichen meiospores in the mycoaerosol, quantitatively evaluating in the atmosphere of an alpine environment the occurrence of polar diblastic spores, unequivocally attributable to the lichen family Teloschistaceae. The analysis of air-samples collected one week per month for one year with a Hirst-type sampler displayed a low percentage occurrence of polar-diblastic spores (<0.1%) with respect to the whole mycoaerosol, dominated by Cladosporium. Spearman's correlation tests on aerobiological and climatic data highlighted a strong relationship between the detection of Teloschistaceae spores and rainfall events, excluding seasonal patterns or daily rhythms of dispersion. The fact that all the air-sampled spores were attributable to the species of Teloschistaceae occurring in the site, together with laboratory observations of predominant short range dispersal patterns for polar diblastic and other lichen spores, indicated that sexual reproduction is mostly involved in the local expansion of colonization, dispersal from a long distance appearing a less probable phenomenon. These findings indicated that responses of lichen communities to climate factors, usually related to physiological processes, also depend on their influence on meiospore dispersal dynamics. Spatial limitations in dispersal, however, have to be taken into account in evaluating lichen distributional shifts as indicators of environmental changes.
•The influence of climate factors on the dispersal of lichen meiospores was explored, focusing on Teloschistaceae.•Aerobiological and meteorological monitorings were performed in an alpine site.•Occurrence of Teloschistaceae spores in the mycoaerosol was low and related to rainfall events.•Lichen meiospores have a preferential role in short-range dispersal pathways.•Lichen aerobiology can support the use of lichens to monitor environmental changes.
Background: Advanced cervical cancer is routinely treated with radiotherapy and cisplatin-containing chemotherapy. Hyperthermia has been shown to improve the results of both radiotherapy and ...cisplatin. The feasibility of the combination of all three modalities was demonstrated and reported in a study of 68 previously untreated cervical cancer patients in 2005. Long-term follow-up is presented here.
Methods: Sixty-eight patients with advanced cervical cancer were prospectively registered in the USA, Norway and the Netherlands, and treated with a combination of radiotherapy (external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy for a biologically effective dose of at least 86.7 Gy), chemotherapy (at least four courses of weekly cisplatin (40 mg/m2)) and locoregional hyperthermia (four weekly sessions). Long-term follow-up was gathered and recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) curves and survival estimates were obtained.
Results: Median follow-up was 81 months. Tumours in 28 patients have recurred, 21 of whom have died. Five-year RFS from the day of registration in the study is 57.5% (95%CI: 46.6-71.0) and five-year OS is 66.1% (95%CI: 55.1-79.3). Differences between countries can be explained by patient characteristics.
Conclusion: The long-term survival results of the combination of full-dose radiotherapy, chemotherapy and hyperthermia fall well within previous reports for this patient group in randomised trials. The small trial size and lack of randomisation do not permit further interpretation.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The Megalithic Area of Saint‐Martin‐de‐Corléans (Aosta, northern Italy) consists of anthropomorphic stelae dated to the Copper Age and the beginning of the Early Bronze Age. They were carved in ...different lithologies of varying provenance according to two successive artistic styles, ‘ancient’ and ‘evolved’. A minero‐chemical and a petrographic investigation were carried out on 47 stelae and on reference samples collected from eight different outcrops, aiming to define the provenance of the stone materials. The variety of rocks used for the manufacture of the stelae reflects the geological complexity of the Aosta Valley. Most of the stelae examined were classified as foliated impure marbles, grey banded marbles (‘Bardiglio’), calcschists and metabasites belonging to the Combin Zone (Piedmont Nappe), which outcrops in close proximity to the Megalithic Area. Some stelae of the evolved group consisted of massive marbles with silicate‐bearing layers, attributed to the Sion–Courmayeur Zone. Similar stone materials were reported for the stelae of the same age found at the archaeological area of Petit Chasseur (Sion, Switzerland). This is archaeometric confirmation of the archaeological affinity between the stelae occurring at the two prehistoric sites, supporting the hypothesis of cultural exchanges over the Grand St Bernard Pass since the Early Copper Age.
•New analytical protocol concerning historical mortars based on SEM-EDS multi-elemental X-ray maps.•The method allows to obtain a series of important chemical, petrographic and microstructural ...data.•Assumptions regards the supply areas of raw materials, possible sieving or grinding of the aggregate and indication on the accuracy in the mixing process of the mortar can be collected.
In the present work is reported the study of historical mortars sampled in the two medieval castles of Châtel Argent and Quart (Aosta Valley, NW Italy), which in recent years are subject to restoration projects.
All the samples were subjected to a petrographic analyses with an optical microscope, in order to recognize and compare the minerals constituting the main aggregates with the geological formations surrounding the areas where the castles stand.
Four mortar samples were analyzed for each castle with the scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDS system). This procedure allows us to know the composition of the binder (not distinguishable on the basis of a petrographic analyses under an optical microscope), to calculate indices related to the composition of the binder, to analyze the composition of the main minerals present in the aggregate.
Then, compositional X-ray maps were performed, in order to investigate the relative abundances of the different elements and calculate other important information of the mortars such as the hydraulic index, the porosity distribution and the abundance of aggregate with respect to the binder.
The analytical protocol allowed us to define not only the characteristics of the individual mortars, but also to detect the area of provenance of the raw materials used for their realization, guiding the choice of the best materials for future restoration operations.
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