Summary
Background
IgE‐mediated cow's milk proteins (CMPs) allergy shows a tendency to disappear with age. The sooner tolerance is detected, the earlier the substitute diets can be suspended and the ...quicker family emotional hardship is alleviated.
Objective
To analyse the specific IgE levels to cow's milk and its proteins, which help to separate tolerant from no tolerant children in the follow‐up of infants with allergy to cow's milk.
Patients and methods
Sixty‐six infants diagnosed with IgE‐mediated allergy to CMPs were included in this prospective follow‐up study. Periodic reassessments were carried out every 6 months until they were 2‐years old and then, annually, until tolerance arose or until the last reassessment in which tolerance had not been achieved. Non‐tolerant infants were followed, at least, for a period of 3 years. In each visit, the same skin tests and determination of specific IgE (CAP System FEIA) for milk and its proteins were carried out. The open challenge test was repeated unless a clear transgression to milk, which came to be positive, had taken place within the previous 3 months in each of the follow‐up visits. Specific IgE levels to milk and its proteins, in different moments of the follow‐up were analysed by means of the receiver‐operating characteristic curve to predict clinical reactivity.
Results
Throughout the follow‐up 45 (68%) infants became tolerant. The follow‐up mean for tolerant infants was 21.2 months whereas for non‐tolerant infants it was 58 months. The specific IgE levels which were predictors of the clinical reactivity (positive predictive value (PPV)90%), grew as the age of the infants increased: 1.5, 6 and 14 kUA/L for milk in the age range 13–18 and 19–24 months and in the third year, respectively. Specific IgE levels to casein: 0.6, 3 and 5 kUA/L, respectively, predicted clinical reactivity (PPV90%) in the different analysed moments of the follow‐up. The cut‐off points: 2.7, 9 and 24 kUA/L for milk and 2, 4.2 and 9 kUA/L for casein, respectively, predicted clinical reactivity with an accuracy 95% corresponding to a specificity of 90%.
Conclusions
Monitorization of specific IgE concentration for milk and casein by means of the CAP system in allergic children to CMPs allows us to predict, to a high degree of probability, clinical reactivity. Age factor must be taken into account to evaluate the specific IgE levels which are predictors of tolerance or clinical reactivity.
Candy-Cane Nails Sánchez-Bernal, J.; Álvarez-Salafranca, M.; Ara-Martín, M.
Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas,
September 2021, Letnik:
112, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Abstract Objective The main purpose of the present study is to assess the factor structure and reliability of the Spanish version of the 21-item Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R21C) in ...children and adolescents and to analyze the relationships between eating behaviors, body composition and cardiovascular fitness. Subjects A total of 192 children and adolescents took part in this study (89 boys and 103 girls; aged from 8.8 to 16.8 years old and with body mass index (BMI) ranging from 13.2 to 41.1 kg/m2 ). None of them had either a history of psychological or eating disorders. Measurements Body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-DXA), anthropometrics (body mass, height and BMI), cardiovascular fitness (cyclo-ergometer incremental test) and eating behaviors (TFEQ-R21C) were determined in all participants. Results The confirmatory factor analysis corroborated the same three factors of the original TFEQ-R21: Uncontrolled Eating (UE), Emotional Eating (EE) and Cognitive Restraint (CR). The internal-consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient) for the questionnaire was 0.73. Significant differences were found in BMI (F2,189 = 3.50, p = 0.032) and total fat mass (TFM) (F2,189 = 3.60, p = 0.029) between tertiles of the CR scale (children who had the lowest scores, also had lower BMI and fat mass). Cardiovascular fitness (measured by relative VO2 peak ) differs depending on the UE and CR scores. The “healthy” group (those who were normal-weight and had also the highest relative VO2 peak ) showed a significant lower CR (F3,160 = 3.07, p = 0.030) and higher UE (F3,160 = 3.86, p = 0.011) than the “unhealthy” group (those who were neither normal-weight nor had adequate relative VO2 peak ). Conclusions According to the psychometric analysis of the questionnaire, the TFEQ-R21C is a valid and useful tool to assess eating behaviors in Spanish child population. Further research is necessary to understand the links between eating behaviors and other health-related behaviors such as physical activity time or cardiovascular fitness.
Objective
To assess the relationship between fitness levels and components, sitting time and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), over time among community-dwelling older adults.
Methods
Three ...different sitting trajectories were calculated: (i) no change; (ii) decrease; and (iii) increase in ST, between baseline and follow-up. Fitness was assessed using the aerobic capacity, upper and lower limb strength, and total fitness. Participants were classified into higher (75th percentile or above) or lower (below 75th percentile) fitness levels, using the fitness tests. HRQoL scores at follow-up were compared to the three different sitting time trajectories within and across both the higher and the lower fitness groups for each of the three fitness indexes.
Results
Greater HRQoL scores were observed in those participants that decreased their ST as compared with those increasing their sitting time over time for participants classified in the lower end of their aerobic capacity or total fitness index. No differences were detected in HRQoL scores in people classified in the higher fitness level group for any of the fitness indexes. Participants that increased or did not change their sitting time and who were classified in the higher fitness end of aerobic capacity and total fitness index self-reported higher HRQoL scores when compared with those in the lower fitness end.
Conclusion
Increased sitting time over time is associated with poorer HRQoL in older adults. Higher fitness levels could help attenuate the negative impact of sitting over time.
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