High-powered magnets were effectively removed from the US market by the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) in 2012 but returned in 2016 after federal court decisions. The United States Court ...of Appeals for the 10th Circuit cited imprecise data among other reasons as justification for overturning CPSC protections. Since then, incidence of high-powered magnet exposure has increased markedly, but outcome data are limited. In this study, we aim to describe the epidemiology and outcomes in children seeking medical care for high-powered magnets after reintroduction to market.
This is a multicenter, retrospective cohort study of patients aged 0 to 21 years with a confirmed high-powered magnet exposure (ie, ingestion or insertion) at 25 children's hospitals in the United States between 2017 and 2019.
Of 596 patients with high-powered magnet exposures identified, 362 (60.7%) were male and 566 (95%) were <14 years of age. Nearly all sought care for magnet ingestion (n = 574, 96.3%), whereas 17 patients (2.9%) presented for management of nasal or aural magnet foreign bodies, 4 (0.7%) for magnets in their genitourinary tract, and 1 patient (0.2%) had magnets in their respiratory tract. A total of 57 children (9.6%) had a life-threatening morbidity; 276 (46.3%) required an endoscopy, surgery, or both; and 332 (55.7%) required hospitalization. There was no reported mortality.
Despite being intended for use by those >14 years of age, high-powered magnets frequently cause morbidity and lead to high need for invasive intervention and hospitalization in children of all ages.
Herein we describe an association between activation of inflammatory pathways following transient hypoxia and the appearance of the multidrug resistant bacteria Staphylococcus simulans in the fetal ...brain. Reduction of maternal arterial oxygen tension by 50% over 30 min resulted in a subseiuent significant over-expression of genes associated with immune responses 24 h later in the fetal brain. The activated genes were consistent with stimulation by bacterial lipopolysaccharide; an influx of macrophages and appearance of live bacteria were found in these fetal brains. S. simulans was the predominant bacterial species in fetal brain after hypoxia, but was found in placenta of all animals. Strains of S. simulans from the placenta and fetal brain were equally highly resistant to multiple antibiotics including methicillin and had identical genome sequences. These results suggest that bacteria from the placenta invade the fetal brain after maternal hypoxia.
Through in-depth interviews with 41 middle-class Puerto Rican transmigrants, this research examines how gender constrains global care work. Migration compromises embeddedness in care networks, ...concurrently heightening its meaning. Women felt these effects more acutely than men given their primary responsibility for reproductive work. Migrants engaged in emotion work to cope with constraints, strategically rearticulating care work; yet unsuccessful strategies resulted in further emotional dislocation, particularly for women. Migration led to a dichotomy in which professional success was pitted against emotional fulfillment through care work. Gender, cultural, and geopolitical factors mediated this split, contributing to a permanently unsettled flow of migrants.
Patterns of labor market incorporation of two samples of middle-class Puerto Ricans (U.S. migrants and return migrants to the Island) are examined in this article. Particular attention is paid to the ...diverse class backgrounds of Puerto Rican professionals and how these backgrounds (and how they structure migration options) impact educational attainment. The author also examines the resources and opportunities garnered through U.S. citizenship, specifically among those from working-class/poor backgrounds who are more likely to be structurally constrained in their efforts to achieve social mobility. The author further analyzes the direct and indirect impact of these factors on Puerto Ricans' incorporation into mainland and Island labor markets and their entry into the transnational professional workforce.
Ethnoracism and the “Sandwiched” Minorities Aranda, Elizabeth M.; Rebollo-Gil, Guillermo
The American behavioral scientist (Beverly Hills),
03/2004, Letnik:
47, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Using case studies from interviews and focus groups, this article reconceptualizes the meaning of race and racism by examining how members of a multiracial group, Puerto Ricans, experience racism. ...The authors argue that the social construction of race involves ethnic and global factors such as national origin, culture, language, the historical relationship between colonial powers and their political subjects, and race. The totality of these factors amount to a racial matrix of domination resulting in ethnoracism. Findings suggest that within the current climate of “colorblind” racism, ethnoracism is the mechanism through which the current racial order will be maintained.
Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) serotypes 16 and 18 in men who have sex with men is a cause of considerable morbidity associated with anal intraepithelial neoplasia. This study shows that ...the HPV vaccine decreases the risk of HPV-associated anal disease.
Anal cancer is biologically similar to cervical cancer, including having a causal relationship with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.
1
Although HPV type 6 (HPV-6) or HPV type 11 (HPV-11) alone is rarely causal, the proportion of anal cancers associated with infection with HPV type 16 (HPV-16) or HPV type 18 (HPV-18) is as high as or higher than the proportion of cervical cancers.
1
Just as cervical cancer is preceded by high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (grade ≥2), anal cancer is preceded by high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (grade 2 or 3).
2
–
4
Although not yet formally demonstrated, prevention or treatment of high-grade anal . . .
The most diverse marine ecosystems, coral reefs, depend upon a functional symbiosis between a cnidarian animal host (the coral) and intracellular photosynthetic dinoflagellate algae. The molecular ...and cellular mechanisms underlying this endosymbiosis are not well understood, in part because of the difficulties of experimental work with corals. The small sea anemone Aiptasia provides a tractable laboratory model for investigating these mechanisms. Here we report on the assembly and analysis of the Aiptasia genome, which will provide a foundation for future studies and has revealed several features that may be key to understanding the evolution and function of the endosymbiosis. These features include genomic rearrangements and taxonomically restricted genes that may be functionally related to the symbiosis, aspects of host dependence on alga-derived nutrients, a novel and expanded cnidarian-specific family of putative pattern-recognition receptors that might be involved in the animal-algal interactions, and extensive lineage-specific horizontal gene transfer. Extensive integration of genes of prokaryotic origin, including genes for antimicrobial peptides, presumably reflects an intimate association of the animal-algal pair also with its prokaryotic microbiome.
genome of melon (Cucumis melo L.) Garcia-Mas, Jordi; Benjak, Andrej; Sanseverino, Walter ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
07/2012, Letnik:
109, Številka:
29
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We report the genome sequence of melon, an important horticultural crop worldwide. We assembled 375 Mb of the double-haploid line DHL92, representing 83.3% of the estimated melon genome. We predicted ...27,427 protein-coding genes, which we analyzed by reconstructing 22,218 phylogenetic trees, allowing mapping of the orthology and paralogy relationships of sequenced plant genomes. We observed the absence of recent whole-genome duplications in the melon lineage since the ancient eudicot triplication, and our data suggest that transposon amplification may in part explain the increased size of the melon genome compared with the close relative cucumber. A low number of nucleotide-binding site–leucine-rich repeat disease resistance genes were annotated, suggesting the existence of specific defense mechanisms in this species. The DHL92 genome was compared with that of its parental lines allowing the quantification of sequence variability in the species. The use of the genome sequence in future investigations will facilitate the understanding of evolution of cucurbits and the improvement of breeding strategies.
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