Objective
The aim of this study is to assess Trypanosoma cruzi infection prevalence among pregnant migrants living in Madrid according to the country of origin and to assess screening coverage in ...this at‐risk population.
Methods
Retrospective multicentre cross‐sectional study conducted from January 2011 to December 2016 in eight Madrid hospitals. Each hospital reviewed their microbiology data records to assess the screening coverage and serological diagnosis in all pregnant women coming from endemic areas.
Results
From 2011 to 2016, 149,470 deliveries were attended at the eight hospitals, and 11,048 pregnant women were screened for Chagas disease. Most cases (93.5%) were in women from Bolivia, who also showed the highest prevalence (12.4%, 95% confidence interval: 9.9–15.0). Pooled prevalence amongst the screened women was 2.9% (95% CI: 1.8–4.1). Chagas disease screening coverage varied greatly between centres, with a pooled mean coverage of 47% (95% CI: 37%–57%; 73% 95% CI: 63%–82% for those centres with universal screening vs. 10% 95% CI: 6%–15% for those with a selective screening approach; p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Our study provides useful data for policy makers and epidemiologists in a non‐endemic area without congenital Chagas screening programmes.
El presente artículo expone el uso de estrategias de aprendizaje como solución para los problemas de la comunicación educativa, y así desarrollar una eficaz comunicación profesor estudiante, mediante ...la aplicación de técnicas grupales dirigidas al adiestramiento del alumno en diferentes habilidades comunicativas, con el objetivo de enseñarles el arte de comunicarse eficientemente, especialmente en la modalidad semipresencial de la nueva universidad cubana. Se muestra un diagnóstico de los problemas que se presentan en la comunicación educativa del alumnado, trazando estrategias para la solución de cada uno de ellos y se requirió del empleo de los métodos de análisis documental y el análisis de métodos didácticos en la enseñanza. Los resultados que se exponen son fruto de trabajos investigativos realizados por la autora con los estudiantes de primer año de la carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, en la SUM Medardo Vitier Güanche , Matanzas con un enfoque participativo. Al finalizar el período de clases se observó una mejora considerable en el aprendizaje de las habilidades comunicativas sometidas a estudio, mediante la aplicación de técnicas grupales.
This article is about the use of learning strategies as a solution for educative communication problems, developing an effective communication student-professor through group technics, aimed at the student´s development of several communicative skills, being the goal to teach them the art of effective communication, especially in the new Cuban university system. A diagnosis of problems is shown, as well as didactic strategies for solving each one of them. Document analysis and didactic methods of teaching analysis were the methods utilized. The investigation was carried out among freshmen of Industrial Engineering from Medardo Vitier Güanche SUM, Matanzas, with a participatory focus. By the end of the course the communicative learning skills subjected to the investigation had visibly improved, through the group techniques.
Se trata de una investigación descriptiva, con el objetivo de caracterizar la enseñanza tutelar en la formación del médico general básico en el Policlínico universitario Carlos Verdugo en el primer ...semestre del curso 2009-2010. La población quedó constituida por 36 estudiantes y 15 tutores de la carrera de medicina, Se realizaron encuestas y entrevistas a profundidad, además de visitas a los consultorios médicos de familia, para observar la labor del tutor en la práctica docente. Entre los principales resultados se encuentra que la mayoría de los tutores son especialistas en MGI, pero no todos categorizados. Las principales dificultades en la enseñanza tutelar estuvieron dadas por el desconocimiento de las orientaciones metodológicas semanales, la ausencia de vinculación de las asignaturas morfofisiología humana y MGI y de las ciencias básicas con las ciencias clínicas, el manejo no adecuado de los objetivos y evaluación, así como la asesoría investigativa. Los estudiantes aún tienen insatisfacciones con la enseñanza tutelar que reciben y los tutores expresan sus necesidades sentidas, por lo que concluimos que es susceptible de continuar perfeccionándose, por ser la enseñanza tutelar un pilar esencial para la formación del estudiante de medicina.
The present work is a descriptive research aimed at characterizing the tutor teaching on basic general doctor education in Carlos Verdugo Policlinic in the first semester graduation 2009-2010. The sample was 36 students and 15 tutors from medicine studies, to which a survey was conducted and deep interviews, together with visits to the community doctors offices to observe the tutors performance while the teaching process was carried out. It was concluded that while most tutors are MGI specialists, not all are categorized. Main difficulties in tutors performance were due to they didn t know the weekly methodological orientations; also, the absence of link between human morphophysiology subject and MGI, and between basic sciences and clinic sciences; an inadequate matching of goals and tests; as well as the lack of research couching. Students still are unsatisfied with tutors teaching while tutors express their felt needs. We conclude that tutor´s teaching is to be perfected because it is a corner stone on the medicine student formation.
Aim
To provide a comprehensive overview of breast cancer in Colombia.
Methods
Data on breast cancer in Colombia are scarce. We present incidence data from population-based cancer registries that ...represent 4 distinct regions of the country. Other data originate from non-governmental institutions and healthcare providers within Colombia, official sources, expert opinion, Colombian legislation, and the Cancer Mortality Atlas publishes by Colombian National Cancer Institute.
Results
In Colombia, the age-standardized incidence rate remained relatively stable between 2012 and 2020 (43.1 to 47.8 cases per 100,000 women-years); Additionally, survival since 1995 has presented a substantial improvement from 65.7 to 72.1.
In 33% of cases, the diagnosis of breast cancer was made in advanced stages, stage III or higher. The health demography survey conducted in 2015 showed that the participation in mammography screening in women aged 40 to 69 remains low 48.1%. Some limitations regarding access to early detection and diagnosis include economic strata, health insurance coverage, origin, and accessibility. On average, a 90-day period was reported from onset of symptoms to diagnosis of breast cancer.
Conclusion
The first action towards improving outcomes in breast cancer should be to improve stage at diagnosis and timely access to care.
In Colombia, cancer incidence is increasing, as is the demand for end-of-life care. Understanding how patients who die from cancer experience this phase will allow the identification of factors ...associated with greater suffering and actions to improve end-of-life care. We aimed to explore associations between the level of suffering of patients who died from cancer and were cared for in three Colombian hospitals with patient, tumor, treatment, and care characteristics and provided information.
Data on the last week of life and level of suffering were collected through proxies: Bereaved caregivers of patients who died from cancer in three participating Colombian hospitals. Bereaved caregivers participated in a phone interview and answered a series of questions regarding the last week of the patient's life. An ordinal logistic regression model explored the relationship between the level of suffering reported by bereaved caregivers with the patient's demographic and clinical characteristics, the bereaved caregivers, and the care received. Multivariate analyses were adjusted for place of death, treatments to prolong of life, prolongation of life during the dying process, suffering due to prolongation of life, type of cancer, age, if patient had partner, rural/urban residence of patient, importance of religion for the caregiver, caregivers´ relationship with the patient, and co-living with the patient.
A total of 174 interviews were included. Median age of the deceased patients was 64 years (IQR 52-72 years), and 93 patients were women (53.4%). Most caregivers had rated the level of suffering of their relative as "moderately to extremely" (n = 139, 80%). In multivariate analyses, factors associated with a higher level of suffering were: unclear information about the treatment and the process before death Odds Ratio (OR) 2.26 (90% CI 1.21-4.19), outpatient palliative care versus home care OR 3.05 (90% CI 1.05-8.88), procedures inconsistent with the patient's wishes OR 2.92 (90% CI 1.28-6.70), and a younger age (18-44 years) at death versus the oldest age group (75-93 years) OR 3.80 (90% CI 1.33-10.84, p = 0.04).
End-of-life care for cancer patients should be aligned as much as possible with patients´ wishes, needs, and capacities. A better dialogue between doctors, family members, and patients is necessary to achieve this.
Intranasal administration of neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a promising treatment strategy to reduce traumatic stress-induced neuropsychiatric symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We evaluated ...the potential of intranasal NPY to prevent dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a core neuroendocrine feature of PTSD. Rats were exposed to single prolonged stress (SPS), a PTSD animal model, and infused intranasally with vehicle or NPY immediately after SPS stressors. After 7 days undisturbed, hypothalamus and hippocampus, 2 structures regulating the HPA axis activity, were examined for changes in glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and CRH expression. Plasma ACTH and corticosterone, and hypothalamic CRH mRNA, were significantly higher in the vehicle but not NPY-treated group, compared with unstressed controls. Although total GR levels were not altered in hypothalamus, a significant decrease of GR phosphorylated on Ser232 and increased FK506-binding protein 5 mRNA were observed with the vehicle but not in animals infused with intranasal NPY. In contrast, in the ventral hippocampus, only vehicle-treated animals demonstrated elevated GR protein expression and increased GR phosphorylation on Ser232, specifically in the nuclear fraction. Additionally, SPS-induced increase of CRH mRNA in the ventral hippocampus was accompanied by apparent decrease of CRH peptide particularly in the CA3 subfield, both prevented by NPY. The results show that early intervention with intranasal NPY can prevent traumatic stress-triggered dysregulation of the HPA axis likely by restoring HPA axis proper negative feedback inhibition via GR. Thus, intranasal NPY has a potential as a noninvasive therapy to prevent negative effects of traumatic stress.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare Basque and Catalan bilinguals' performance on the letter verbal fluency test and determine whether significant differences are present depending on the ...letters used and the language of administration. Method: The sample consisted of 87 Spanish monolinguals, 139 Basque bilinguals, and 130 Catalan bilinguals from Spain. Participants completed the letter verbal fluency test using the letters F, A, S, M, R, P, and E. Results: Bilinguals scored higher on the letter verbal fluency test when they were tested in Spanish than in Basque or Catalan. No performance differences were found according to native language or dialects within Basque participants. Catalans with Spanish as their native language scored lower on the letter F compared to those who grew up speaking Catalan and Spanish. The suggested letters to use with Basque speakers are A, E, and B; the suggested letters to use with Catalan speakers are P, F, and M; and the suggested letters to use with Spanish speakers are M, R, and P. Conclusion: Selecting appropriate stimuli depending on the language of testing is the first crucial step to assess verbal fluency and thus possible frontal lobe functioning impairment.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
To conduct a literature review of the administration and scoring criteria used in normative studies of verbal fluency tests (VFT), and to propose a new model for the administration and scoring of ...phonological, semantic, and action VFT for use in Spanish-speakers.
A literature search was performed using four databases Dialnet, ProQuest (PsycINFO, PsycArticles), Science Direct (Elsevier), and PubMed and 47 articles met the following criteria: 1) articles which contained normative data of phonological, semantic, or action VFT, 2) published between 2000 and 2015, 3) published in English or Spanish, 4) used healthy population.
Of 2087 citations retrieved, 47 eligible studies were reviewed. The majority of the studies have been conducted in the USA, and with English and Spanish speakers. Only 12 studies provided the instruction, and 23 clearly describe the scoring guidelines. Moreover, among the studies that provided these information important discrepancies were found. Therefore, a new administration and scoring guidelines are presented, which may resolve this problem and be utilized in Spanish speaking countries.
This review showed that still there is no consensus regarding the administration and scoring of VFT. A new method of administration and scoring is presented that can be use with Spanish-speakers.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
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