Several studies indicate that oxidative stress might play a central role in the initiation and maintenance of cardiovascular diseases. It remains unclear whether ceruloplasmin acts as a passive ...marker of inflammation or as a causal mediator. To better understand the impact of ceruloplasmin blood levels on the risk of cardiovascular disease, and paying special attention to coronary heart disease, we conducted a search on the two most commonly used electronic databases (Medline via PubMed and EMBASE) to analyze current assessment using observational studies in the general adult population. Each study was quality rated using criteria developed by the US Preventive Services Task Force. Most of 18 eligible studies reviewed support a direct relationship between ceruloplasmin elevated levels and incidence of coronary heart disease. Our results highlight the importance of promoting clinical trials that determine the functions of ceruloplasmin as a mediator in the development of coronary heart disease and evaluate whether the treatment of elevated ceruloplasmin levels has a role in the prognosis or prevention of this condition.
Scope
Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAA) plasma levels may be differentially associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remission through the consumption of the Mediterranean diet (Med) and a ...low‐fat (LF) diet.
Methods
One hundred eighty‐three newly diagnosed T2DM patients within the CORDIOPREV study are randomized to consume the Med or a LF diet. BCAA plasma levels (isoleucine, leucine, and valine) are measured at fasting and after 120 min of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at the baseline of the study and after 5 years of the dietary intervention.
Results
Isoleucine, leucine, and valine plasma levels after 120 min of an OGTT in the Med diet (N = 80) are associated by COX analysis with T2DM remission: HR per SD (95% CI): 0.53 (0.37–0.77), 0.75 (0.52–1.08), and 0.61 (0.45–0.82), respectively; no association is found in patients who consumed a LF diet (N = 103). BCAA plasma levels combined in a score show a HR of 3.33 (1.55–7.19) of T2DM remission for patients with a high score values in the Med diet, while in those with a LF diet, no association is found.
Conclusion
The study suggests that BCAA measurements potentially be used as a tool to select the most suitable diet to induce T2DM remission by nutritional strategies.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus remission may be induced by the consumption of healthy diets without a relevant weigh loss. The determination of BCAA in plasma may potentially be used as a tool to select the most suitable diet to induce T2DM remission by nutritional strategies. Low BCAA plasma levels are associated with T2DM remission when a Mediterranean diet is consumed; however, this is not observed for the case of low‐fat diet consumption.
Obesity phenotypes with different metabolic status have been described previously. We analyzed metabolic phenotypes in obese coronary patients during a 5-year follow-up, and examined the factors ...influencing this evolution.
The CORDIOPREV study is a randomized, long-term secondary prevention study with two healthy diets: Mediterranean and low-fat. All obese patients were classified as either metabolically healthy obese (MHO) or metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). We evaluated the changes in the metabolic phenotypes and related variables after 5 years of dietary intervention.
Initially, 562 out of the 1002 CORDIOPREV patients were obese. After 5 years, 476 obese patients maintained their clinical and dietary visits; 71.8% of MHO patients changed to unhealthy phenotypes (MHO-Progressors), whereas the MHO patients who maintained healthy phenotypes (MHO-Non-Progressors) lost more in terms of their body mass index (BMI) and had a lower fatty liver index (FLI-score) (
< 0.05). Most of the MUO (92%) patients maintained unhealthy phenotypes (MUO-Non-Responders), but 8% became metabolically healthy (MUO-Responders) after a significant decrease in their BMI and FLI-score, with improvement in all metabolic criteria. No differences were found among dietary groups.
A greater loss of weight and liver fat is associated with a lower progression of the MHO phenotype to unhealthy phenotypes. Likewise, a marked improvement in these parameters is associated with regression from MUO to healthy phenotypes.
To propose malnutrition screening methods for the elderly population using predictive multivariate models. Due to the greater risk of nutrition deficiencies in ageing populations, nutritional ...assessment of the elderly is necessary in primary health care.
This was a cross-sectional study. Multivariate models were obtained by means of discriminant analysis and binary logistic regression. The diagnostic accuracy of each multivariate model was determined and compared with the Chang method based on receiver operating characteristic curves. The optimal cut-point, sensitivity, specificity and Youden index were estimated for each of the models.
The province of Cordoba, Spain.
Two hundred fifty-five patients over the age of 65 years from three health centres and three nursing homes.
Fourteen models for predicting risk of malnutrition were obtained, six by discriminant multivariate analysis and eight by binary logistic regression. Sensitivity ranged from 55·6 to 93·1 % and specificity from 64·9 to 94 %. The maximum and minimum Youden indexes were 0·77 and 0·49, respectively. We finally selected a model which does not require a blood test.
The proposed models simplify nutritional assessment in the elderly and, except for number 2 of those calculated by binary logistic regression, have better diagnostic accuracy than the Spanish version of the Mini Nutritional Assessment screening tool. The selected model, whose validation is necessary for the future with other different samples, provides good diagnostic accuracy, and it can be performed by non-medical personnel, making it an accessible, easy and rapid tool in daily clinical practice.
This study assesses the association between sleep duration and plasma lipid profiles in people with diabetes mellitus (DM). Sleep duration data were obtained in 91 patients from the POWER2DM study ...(NCT03588104). The patients were divided in tertiles, based on their sleep duration, and blood samples were obtained at the beginning and after 9 months. Significant differences were found, specifically, patients in Tertile 3 (≥ 7.51 h) showed lower plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol HDL-c (
p
< 0.05), apolipoprotein A1 (apo-A1;
p
< 0.05) and low HDL-c/apo-A1 ratio (
p
< 0.05). This study shows that sleep duration is associated with plasma lipid profiles in people with DM.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the first cause of chronic liver disease and is also associated with other harmful entities such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, and ...diabetes. NAFLD is a significant public health concern worldwide, impacting individuals of all ages, and its prevalence is projected to increase in the near future due to its connection with obesity. Intrinsic (genetics) and external (lifestyle) factors may also modulate NAFLD, and, in turn, may partly explain the observed relationship between NAFLD and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although many drugs are been tested to treat NAFLD, to date, no drug has indication to specifically treat this disorder. Thus, the current management of NAFLD relies on lifestyle modifications and specifically on weight loss, physical activity, and the intake of a healthy diet. In the present narrative review, we will discuss the effects of certain dietary patterns on NAFLD incidence and progression.
Essentials
Ceruloplasmin (CP) is an acute‐phase reactant and a potential biomarker of atherothrombotic risk.
We assessed associations between CP and venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk in 9933 ...individuals.
Higher circulating CP but not CP‐related genes were associated with greater incident VTE rates.
Circulating CP could be considered a non‐causal biomarker of VTE risk in the community.
Summary
Background
Ceruloplasmin (CP) is an acute‐phase reactant and a potential biomarker of atherothrombotic risk. We assessed the associations between CP, CP‐associated genetic variants and incident venous thomboembolism (VTE) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study.
Methods and results
In an observational study, 9933 men and women aged 53–75 years without prevalent VTE were included in 1996–1998 and followed through 2011. Circulating CP was measured in stored blood samples obtained in 1996–1998. Polymorphisms rs11708215 and rs13072552, which have been previously associated with CP concentrations, were measured in 8439 participants. VTEs were identified from hospital discharge codes and validated by physician review of medical records and imaging reports. Over a mean of 10.5 years of follow‐up, 376 cases of VTE were identified. The association between circulating CP, CP‐associated polymorphisms and the incidence of VTE was estimated. After adjustment for traditional risk factors and biomarkers, higher concentrations of circulating CP were associated with greater incident VTE rates (hazard ratio 1.82, 95% confidence interval 1.12–2.95, comparing the 87.5–100th percentile with the bottom quartile). Both rs11708215 and rs13072552 were associated with CP concentrations but not with VTE risk.
Conclusions
Even though high CP concentrations were associated with an increased VTE risk, CP‐associated genetic variants were not associated with a higher risk of VTE. Our results suggest that circulating CP concentrations may not be causally related to the risk of incident VTE.
This study aimed to ascertain whether there is an independent association between serum magnesium (Mg) and the Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (IMT-CC), a well-accepted atherosclerotic-biomarker ...surrogate of cardiovascular disease (CVD), in a population with high cardiovascular risk. Serum Mg and traditional atherosclerotic risk factors were recorded in 939 patients (mean age, 59.6 ± 0.3 years, 83.2% men) with coronary heart disease (CHD) enrolled in the CORDIOPREV trial. Serum Mg strongly associated with IMT-CC. Before adjusting for potential confounding factors, IMT-CC decreased by 0.111 ± 0.011 mm per mg/dl increase in serum Mg (p < 0.001). After adjustment, the effect of Mg did not appear mediated through factors related to glucose metabolism, the lipid profile or the mineral metabolism and renal function. Multivariate models showed the lower Mg levels (quartile 1) as a strong independent factor contributing to IMT-CC along with age, sex, SBP, HDL-C, and diuretic use. Logistic regression analysis confirmed the predictive ability of serum Mg to differentiate patients at higher atherosclerotic risk as defined by an IMT-CC ≥ 1.0 mm, yielding a OR for the lower quartile of 10.623 (95%CI 2.311-48.845; P = 0.002) and a ROC-derived cutoff of 1.61 mg/dl. Therefore, our findings outline low serum magnesium as a possible independent risk factor for carotid atherosclerosis.
The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is growing in Western countries. Nutritional interventions that promote high-quality dietary patterns could help reverse this trend. We aimed to ...evaluate whether changes in Nutrient-Rich Food Index 9.3 (NRF9.3) were related to the risk of developing T2DM in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). The study was carried out in the context of two healthy dietary interventions (a Mediterranean and a low-fat diet). For this purpose, we evaluated all the patients in the CORDIOPREV study without T2DM at baseline. Data were obtained during the first 5 years of dietary intervention. The score was calculated using the Food Frequency Questionnaires at baseline and after 1 year of intervention. After 5 years of follow-up, 106 patients developed T2DM (incident-T2DM), while 316 subjects did not (non-T2DM). Total NRF9.3 score and changes during the first year of intervention were compared between incident-T2DM and non-T2DM. Incident-T2DM showed less improvement in NRF9.3 than non-T2DM (
= 0.010). In the multi-adjusted Cox proportional hazard study, patients with greater improvement in NRF9.3 had over 50% less risk of developing T2DM compared with the lowest tertile (HR 2.10, 95%, CI = 1.12-3.56). In conclusion, improved diet quality in terms of nutrient density after the dietary intervention was associated with a lower risk of T2DM in patients with CHD.
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