O ácaro-rajado é uma praga polífaga que ataca diversas culturas, entre elas o lúpulo, cultura para a qual no Brasil ainda não existem defensivos registrados. Como uma alternativa para o manejo dessa ...praga, destaca-se o emprego de óleos essenciais. Diante disso, os objetivos deste trabalho foram identificar a composição química e avaliar os efeitos do óleo essencial de alecrim na mortalidade de ácaro-rajado em lúpulo. Fêmeas adultas do ácaro-rajado foram submetidas a câmaras de fumigação contendo o óleo essencial de alecrim nas concentrações de 5, 10, 15 e 20 μL/L, durante 24, 48 e 72h. Na análise contabilizou-se a mortalidade e a fecundidade das fêmeas de ácaro. Os principais compostos identificados através da caracterização do óleo essencial de alecrim foram a cânfora, 1,8-cineol, α-pineno e β-mirceno. Por meio do teste de fumigação foi verificado que o óleo essencial de alecrim apresentou ação acaricida, sendo que as maiores taxas de mortalidade foram encontradas nas concentrações de 15 e 20 μL/L. Quanto maior a concentração do óleo na câmara, menor era o número médio de ovos nas folhas, devido à mortalidade das fêmeas.
Partamona helleri is an important pollinator in the Neotropics. However, this bee faces an increased risk of pesticide exposure, potentially affecting both individual bees and entire colonies. Thus, ...this study aimed to evaluate the effects of the herbicide tebuthiuron on behavior, antioxidant activity, midgut morphology, and signaling pathways related to cell death, cell proliferation and differentiation in P. helleri workers. tebuthiuron significantly reduced locomotor activity and induced morphological changes in the midgut. The activity of the detoxification enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase increased after exposure, indicating a detoxification mechanism. Furthermore, the herbicide led to alterations in the number of positive cells for signaling-pathway proteins in the midgut of bees, suggesting induction of apoptotic cell death and disruption of midgut epithelial regeneration. Therefore, tebuthiuron may negatively impact the behavior, antioxidant activity, morphology, and physiology of P. helleri workers, potentially posing a threat to the survival of this non-target organism.
•Bees exposed to tebuthiuron presented histological damage in the midgut.•Tebuthiuron exposure caused oxidative stress in the midgut.•Tebuthiuron exposure elicited apoptotic cell death in the midgut.•Tebuthiuron exposure decreased midgut cell renewal.
This study provides insights into the ecological validity of experimental results in translation process research (TPR) by comparing translation products under three different conditions: produced in ...a translation research lab, in the translators' usual working environment, and included as part of a corpus. The results will test the ecological validity of experimental results in TPR and shed light on some of the discrepancies between findings based on corpus data and lab experiments. Data collected in rigorous translation process experiments outside the translators’ usual working environment may not represent authentic translation behaviour. For example, in the experimental setting, translators will not have access to the tools and resources they usually work with, they will be immediately aware of their participation in a scientific study (which may affect their choices), and the stimuli under investigation will often be artificially constructed. These caveats call into question the meaningfulness of conclusions about translation and the translation process based on target texts produced in such artificial settings. This is furthermore reinforced by the differences found between experimental and corpus-based results. In order to test the comparability of different translation settings, 20 translators were commissioned to translate texts according to their usual workflow, in their usual working environment and at their own pace with access to resources of their preference. The source texts were previously used in experiments (Heilmann et al., 2021; Heilmann et al., 2022) and they contain stimuli that may represent a contrastive or cognitive challenge to the translators. The translators were also asked to provide information about the resources they used and the time and breaks they took to finish the translations. Their translations were compared to the target texts collected in the lab experiments and to translations obtained from a corpus with regard to the linguistic stimuli as well as linguistic characteristics such as average sentence length and lexical density. The results highlight the effect of the experimental setting on the translation product and illuminate the differences between experimental data and corpus data.
•This study shows in how far ecological validity affects the results of translation experiments.•Three conditions are being compared: lab translations, home translations and corpus translations.•Home translations are more similar to corpus data than lab translations are.•Differences are still apparent due to the lack of editing, limited register experience and the design of the source texts.
•Constructions involving non-agentive subjects tended to change during translations.•No processing differences between non-agentive and agentive subjects were found.•The translation of non-agentive ...subjects seems proceed automatic in most cases.
This paper aims to analyze the translation of typical inanimate Subject Themes in the popular scientific register from English to German. Taking into account contrastive differences between English and German, we assumed that English sentences containing a combination of inanimate Subjects and agentive verbs would pose a translation problem that could potentially be reflected in translation shifts and increased values for reading and typing related measures of cognitive effort. A translation experiment was designed to test this assumption. We triangulated keystroke logging and eye tracking data from 13 professional translators and tested the results using linear mixed regression modeling. Our results show that the stimuli that included an inanimate Subject were more prone to be changed in the translations. However, the animacy of the Subject did not have a significant effect on the behavioral measures. A possible explanation for this finding is that animacy of the Subject is so salient for German translators that they change it without extensive deliberation.
Dendritic cells (DCs) are major regulators of innate and adaptive immune responses. DCs can be classified into plasmacytoid DCs and conventional DCs (cDCs) type 1 and 2. Murine and human cDC1 share ...the mRNA expression of XCR1. Murine studies indicated a specific role of the XCR1-XCL1 axis in the induction of immune responses. Here, we describe that human cDC1 can be distinguished into XCR1
and XCR1
cDC1 in lymphoid as well as nonlymphoid tissues. Steady-state XCR1
cDC1 display a preactivated phenotype compared to XCR1
cDC1. Upon stimulation, XCR1
cDC1, but not XCR1
cDC1, secreted high levels of inflammatory cytokines as well as chemokines. This was associated with enhanced activation of NK cells mediated by XCR1
cDC1. Moreover, XCR1
cDC1 excelled in inhibiting replication of Influenza A virus. Further, under DC differentiation conditions, XCR1
cDC1 developed into XCR1
cDC1. After acquisition of XCR1 expression, XCR1
cDC1 secreted comparable level of inflammatory cytokines. Thus, XCR1 is a marker of terminally differentiated cDC1 that licenses the antiviral effector functions of human cDC1, while XCR1
cDC1 seem to represent a late immediate precursor of cDC1.
In 2012 Alazami et al. described a novel syndromic cause of primordial dwarfism with distinct facial features and severe intellectual disability. A homozygous frameshift mutation in LARP7, a ...chaperone of the noncoding RNA 7SK, was discovered in patients from a single consanguineous Saudi family. To date, only one additional patient has recently been described. To further delineate the phenotype associated with LARP7 mutations, we report two additional cases originating from the Netherlands and Saudi Arabia. The patients presented with intellectual disability, distinct facial features and variable short stature. We describe their clinical features and compare them with the previously reported patients. Both cases were identified by diagnostic whole-exome sequencing, which detected two homozygous pathogenic LARP7 variants: c.1091_1094delCGGT in the Dutch case and c.1045_1051dupAAGGATA in the Saudi Arabian case. Both variants are leading to frameshifts with introduction of premature stop codons, suggesting that loss of function is likely the disease mechanism. This study is an independent confirmation of the syndrome due to LARP7 depletion. Our cases broaden the associated clinical features of the syndrome and contribute to the delineation of the phenotypic spectrum of LARP7 mutations.
Recent research implicated glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-AP) and GPI-specific phospholipase D (GPI-PLD) in the pathogenesis of fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma ...(HCC). Given that c-Myc is frequently amplified in HCC, we investigated their regulation in a
transgenic disease model of liver cancer and HCC patient samples. Whole genome scans defined 54 significantly regulated genes coding for GPI-AP of which 29 and 14 were repressed in expression in transgenic tumors and steatotic human hepatocyte cultures, respectively, to influence lipid-mediated signal transduction, extracellular matrix and immunity pathways. Analysis of gene specific promoter revealed >95% to carry c-Myc binding sites thus establishing a link between c-Myc activity and transcriptional response. Alike, serum GPI-PLD activity was increased 4-fold in transgenic mice; however its tissue activity was reduced by 70%. The associated repression of the serine/threonine phosphatase 2A (PP2A), i.e. a key player of c-Myc proteolysis, indicates co-ordinate responses aimed at impairing tissue GPI-PLD anti-proliferative activities. Translational research identified >4-fold increased GPI-PLD serum protein expression though enzyme activities were repressed by 60% in NASH and HCC patients. Taken collectively, c-Myc influences GPI-AP signaling transcriptionally and posttranslational and represses GPI-AP anti-proliferative signaling in tumors. The findings broaden the perspective of molecular targeted therapies and disease monitoring.
Reproductive factors have been shown to be differentially associated with risk of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and ER-negative breast cancer. However, their associations with intrinsic-like ...subtypes are less clear.
Analyses included up to 23 353 cases and 71 072 controls pooled from 31 population-based case-control or cohort studies in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium across 16 countries on 4 continents. Polytomous logistic regression was used to estimate the association between reproductive factors and risk of breast cancer by intrinsic-like subtypes (luminal A-like, luminal B-like, luminal B-HER2-like, HER2-enriched-like, and triple-negative breast cancer) and by invasiveness. All statistical tests were 2-sided.
Compared with nulliparous women, parous women had a lower risk of luminal A-like, luminal B-like, luminal B-HER2-like, and HER2-enriched-like disease. This association was apparent only after approximately 10 years since last birth and became stronger with increasing time (odds ratio OR = 0.59, 95% confidence interval CI = 0.49 to 0.71; and OR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.28 to 0.46 for multiparous women with luminal A-like tumors 20 to less than 25 years after last birth and 45 to less than 50 years after last birth, respectively). In contrast, parous women had a higher risk of triple-negative breast cancer right after their last birth (for multiparous women: OR = 3.12, 95% CI = 2.02 to 4.83) that was attenuated with time but persisted for decades (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.79 to 1.34, for multiparous women 25 to less than 30 years after last birth). Older age at first birth (Pheterogeneity < .001 for triple-negative compared with luminal A-like breast cancer) and breastfeeding (Pheterogeneity < .001 for triple-negative compared with luminal A-like breast cancer) were associated with lower risk of triple-negative breast cancer but not with other disease subtypes. Younger age at menarche was associated with higher risk of all subtypes; older age at menopause was associated with higher risk of luminal A-like but not triple-negative breast cancer. Associations for in situ tumors were similar to luminal A-like.
This large and comprehensive study demonstrates a distinct reproductive risk factor profile for triple-negative breast cancer compared with other subtypes, with implications for the understanding of disease etiology and risk prediction.
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