Agriculture is the backbone of developing countries, the 26, December 2004 'Tsunami' had a major impact on the quality of groundwater along the south- east coast of India, but especially in the ...tsunami-affected coastal areas of SirkazhiTaluk of the Nagapattinam district of Tamilnadu, India. Major pollution resulted primarily from increases in the salinity of ground water. The post- tsunami water quality posed problems to general health and contributed significantly to agricultural and environmental degradation in the same districts. The present study focus on analysis of underground water quality parameter for irrigation purpose in coastal area. Totally, 105 water samples were collected from different locations. GPS technique is used to identify the coastal area and collected the samples. Physiochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity(EC), total dissolved solids(TDS), carbonate, bicarbonate, chloride, calcium, magnesium, sulfate, sodium, potassium of all collected samples were analyzed to determine the contamination. The sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) levels were also calculated using standard equations. The results showed the significant variations in water quality in the study area, which helped analysis suitable to irrigation purpose in future.
Surface soil samples were collected from the 0-50 centimeter depth and assessed the soil statistical variation in physico-chemical parameters. The soil grain class of the surface layer is (0-58 ...centimeter) of the shape. Soil samples of the experimental field were clay loam while it was clay for the subsurface (25-100 Centimeter) layers of the profile. The soil samples were air-dried, crushed and passed through a 2 mm sieve before analyzing it for Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Organic Carbon, Organic Matter, pH and exchangeable bases. Soil pH was measured electrometrically with a glass electrode pH meter, EC was determined are by using Conductivity meter. Alkaline permanganate method, colorimetric method and Flame Photometer method is used to determine Macronutrients like N P and K. Walkley and Black method is used to determine Organic Carbon (OC) and Organic Matter (OM). While the SAR, ESP% and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) were calculated. Micronutrients like Zinc(Zn), Copper(Cu), Iron(Fe) and Manganese(Mn) were determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Available Soil pH ranged between 7.3 to 7.9. The available Electrical Conductivity (EC) values ranged from 0.18 to 0.5dsm-1 within the range for optimal growth of plants. The ranges of available Organic Carbon are ranged between 0.23% and 0.36%, Organic matter content ranged between 0.46 and 1.11 %. Nitrogen 39.2 kg/ha-1 and 72.8 kg/ha-1 are lower than that of the control soil. Available Phosphorus is ranged between 30.00 kg/ha-1 and 67.5 kg/ha-1 and is slightly higher than that of the control soil and potassium 169 kg/ha-1 and 370 kg/ha-1 content were high respectively. Cu is available between 0.72 - 0.92 ppm and Cu was found in 100% sufficient in study area. Zn is noticed between 0.62-0.82 ppm and Zn was found in 100% deficient in study area. Mn is available between 1.18-3.92 ppm and Mn was found in 70.0% deficient and 30.0% sufficient in study area. The available concentration of Fe ranged between 3.09-4.88 ppm and Fe was found in 100% sufficient in the study area. Where all below the recommended limits. Our aim is to support the farmers to characterize the soil based on their nutrition status for best suited crops which can be used effectively for crop production and enhanced productivity 1. The statistical variation in soil nutrition is focused in Mayiladuthurai taluk in the present study at industrial based agriculture land area of Mayiladuthurai taluk in Mayiladuthurai district. The recommendations of fertilizer can be made for the crops to enhance the productivity. Soil test assessed and recommends the application of balanced fertilizers would go a long way in enhancing soil fertility and productivity.
...an attempt has been made to evaluate the soil quality and based on the results, possible remedial measures can be suggested to improve the quality of the soil.Surface soil samples depth (0 - 20 ...cm) numbering 35 from 7 revenue villages, five samples were collected from each revenue village. Micronutrient deficiency has been observed widely in the soils of Tamil Nadu, especially the nutrient Zn deficiency 1 .From the results of the analysis of soil samples, concrete suggestions has been made to improve the soil quality and crop production. The air-dried and processed soil samples size (<2mm) were extracted with DTPA-CaCl2-TEA solution 1 and the available Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu content in the extract was determined with the help of an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (ECIL, AAS-4129).Simple averaging of soil test values for each micronutrient was done to get the average status in the villages. According to 12, 71.43 % samples were medium (125 to 300 k2O kg ha-1) and 28.57 % samples were high (>300 k2O kg ha-1) in potassium content.
Soil fertility is one of the important factors controlling yields of the crops. Soil characterization in relation to evaluation of fertility status of the soils of an area or region is an important ...aspect in the context of sustainable agricultural production. Macronutrients (N,P,K) and micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn) are more important soil elements that control its fertility. Variation in nutrient supply is a natural phenomenon and some of them may be sufficient whereas others deficient. The stagnation in crop productivity cannot be boosted without judicious use of macro and micronutrient fertilizers to overcome existing deficiencies / imbalances. The study area covers 20 villages in Kutthalam Taluk of Nagapattinam District in Tamilnadu. The soils of the area are characterized by light in texture, moderate to high pH and low to medium in organic matter content. Soil samples numbering of 100 samples were collected from all the 20 villages keeping in view of the physiographic characteristics in different cross sections of the area. The processed soil samples were analysed for physico-chemical properties using standard procedures.
Water is essential for agriculture. Most of the farmers depending upon the ground water for irrigation purpose, but now a days the underground water is going to towards very deep down level. Because ...our environment affected by water drought, pollution and lack of rain falls. It will be creating negative effects to cultivation .In this present study is to assess the underground water quality in Mayiladuthurai Taluk of Nagapattinam District in Tamil Nadu. Totally 30 underground water samples were collected, which covers 10 Revenue villages in Mayiladuthurai Taluk, 3 samples from each Revenue village and analyzed all the physico - chemical parameters such as pH, EC, Ca, Na, K, SO4, Cl, Mg , CO3, and HCO3 and the water quality index SAR, RSC, Geo-chemical types, classification were determined by standard methods, standard calculation and by using standard instruments. Then the irrigation water quality results were compared with standard values Recommended by World Health Organization (WHO), Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). The proposed work is very essential not only for crop production but also to maintain soil fertility, to maintain hazardous free environment and to enhance the living standard and in turn to uplift our Agriculturist.
The present study elucidates an eco-friendly method for synthesizing silver nanoparticles using Phenerochaete chrysosporium (MTCC-787), its bactericidal and cytotoxic effect were studied. The ...formation of nanoparticles was evidenced by color change and UV–Vis spectroscopy. Atomic Force Microscope and Transmission electron microscope, showed spherical and oval shapes particles in the sizes ranging between 34 and 90 nm. The biosynthesised silver nanoparticles showed significant antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis at a high dose. Further, the nanoparticles observed to be non-toxic at 12.5 μg/ml towards fibroblast cells.
•Extracellular synthesis of Ag-NPs from the Phenerochaete chrysosporium (MTCC-787).•Ag-NPs were characterized by UV-Spec, FTIR, AFM & TEM.•Ag-NPs showed antibacterial potency against P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus and S. epidermidis.
The current study investigates the effects of ethanolic extract of M. concanensis Nimmo leaves (EEMCNL) with respect to its potent protective tissue damage, antioxidant properties in serum, liver and ...kidney, histopathological evaluation, and PPARγ and GLUT4 gene expression in liver and pancreatic tissue of Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide (STZ-NA) induced diabetic rats. Animals were divided into five groups (n = 5): control; diabetic; diabetic + EEMCNL; control + EEMCNL; and diabetic + glibenclamide. After 45 days of treatment with EEMCNL, MDA levels were significantly decreased in the diabetic-induced group when compared with the STZ-induced diabetic group (P < 0.05). The activities of serum enzymes AST, ALT, ALP, ACP and LDH were significantly decreased in serum and kidney, and increased in liver tissues of the EEMCNL-treated group as compared with the STZ-NA induced diabetic group (P < 0.05). The levels of total protein, urea, creatinine and uric acid observed in the diabetic group returned to normal by administration of EEMCNL (250 mg/kg) as relative to the STZ-NA induced diabetic group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, EEMCNL upregulated PPARγ and GLUT4 expression in liver and pancreatic tissue of the STZ-NA induced diabetic group rats. Taken together, these findings contribute to a better understanding of the hepatoprotective and renoprotective potential of EEMCNL against oxidative stress in the diabetic state, which was evidenced by the capacity of EEMCNL to modulate the antioxidant defence and to decrease lipid peroxidation in these tissues.
Eco-friendly biosynthesis of nanoparticles from medicinal plants as reducing agent has gained importance due to its potential therapeutic uses. In the present study Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were ...eco-friendly synthesized using the leaf extracts of the medicinal plant Tropaeolum majus. The obtained AgNPs were characterized by UV - visible spectrum, FTIR, SEM and XRD which clearly showed the reduction of Ag+ ions to Ag0. In addition, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts were analyzed for phytochemicals and its antioxidant activities. GC–MS spectrum showed the presence of 25 compounds with benzeneacetic acid as the dominant contents. The synthesized AgNPs revealed maximum absorption spectrum at 463 nm and FTIR vibrational peaks at 3357.46, 21,966.52, 2118.42, 1637.27, 658.571 and 411.728 cm−1 respectively. SEM and XRD studies evidenced the nature of nanocrystalline with face centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure. Both AgNPs and plant extracts showed more inhibition activity against Pseudomonas aeroginosa compared to other bacteria with MIC value of 6.25 μg/ml. Antifungal activities was higher for Penicilium notatum with MIC value 31.2 μg/ml. The IC50 values for MCF7 for aqueous extract were found to be 4.68 μg/ml, ethanol extract 7.5 μg/ml, AgNPs 2.49 μg/ml, and doxorubicin 1.4 μg/ml. The IC50 values for VERO cell line for aqueous extract was 8.1 μg/ml, ethanol extract with 6.8 μg/ml, silver nanoparticles 5.3 μg/ml and doxorubicin 2.6 μg/ml respectively. Conclusively, the antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and anticancer properties of the synthesized AgNPs from Tropaeolum majus act as major therapeutic drug for microbial infectious disease and other health associated disorders.
•Silver nanoparticles were green synthesized from the leaf extract of Tropaeolum majus.•Nanoparticles showed UV peak at 463 nm confirmed Silver nanoparticles surface plasmon resonance.•TEM and SEM analysis confirmed the nanoparticels were crystalline with face centered cubic.•Nanoparticles exhibited activity against Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Penicilium notatum.•Nanoparticles documented both antioxidant and anticancer properties.
The study aim was to optimise the C/N ratio, improve the compost quality, reduce pathogenic bacteria load in the compost, and improve guava yield. Vegetable wastes were mixed with cow dung, grasses, ...and food wastes in ratios of 4:3:2:1 (w/w) for achieving a C/N ratio of approximately 37. Co-composting is an important strategy because the mixture of bulking agents can help achieve optimal composting conditions. Experimental results were obtained from a pilot-scale rotary drum reactor with forced aeration. In the reactor, the temperature increased during the thermophilic phase (58±2 °C) and decreased after 10 days (54±2 °C). The pH values moderately increased, then decreased, and were near to neutral after maturation. The results indicated that co-composting of bio-wastes at a C/N ratio of 37.6%±1.02% could be effectively decomposed to reduce the residuals to just 13.6%±1.05% after 28 days. The microbial population increased in both mesophilic and thermophilic stages and decreased at the end of the composting, reflecting stability. The stable compost was applied to the growth of guava plant, and the yield was calculated. The organic compost improved plant growth, fruit yield, and enriched phytochemical compounds in the fruit and peels. The phytochemical compounds improved antioxidant activity in the guava fruits.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The aqueous cashew leaves extract obtained was investigated for the preparation of gold nanoparticle (AuNPs). The obtained AuNPs were characterized by UV–Visible spectroscopy, FTIR and XRD analysis. ...Results indicated that the green synthesized AuNPs showed good antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis and exhibited 74.47% viability on PBMC and 23.56% viability on MCF-7 cell lines at a maximum concentration of 100 µg/ml. Therefore, future studies on antibacterial application in food packing, wound dressing and antihelmintic applications will be studied.
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