A new optimized bowl-shaped mono-core surface plasmon resonance based cancer sensor is proposed for the rapid detection of different types of cancer affected cell. By considering the refractive index ...of each individual cancer contaminated cell with respect to their normal cell, some major optical parameters variation are observed. Moreover, the cancerous cell concentration is considered at 80% in liquid form and the detection method is finite element method with 2 100 390 mesh elements. The variation of spectrum shift is obtained by plasmonic band gap between the silica and cancer cell part which is separated by a thin (35 nm) titanium film coating. The proposed sensor depicts a high birefringence of 0.04 with a maximum coupling length of 66 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">\mu</tex-math></inline-formula>m. However, the proposed structure provides an optimum wavelength sensitivity level between about 10 000 nm/RIU and 17 500 with a resolution of the sensor between 1.5 × 10 −2 and 9.33 × 10 −3 RIU. Also, the transmittance variance of the cancerous cell ranges from almost 3300 to 6100 dB/RIU and the amplitude sensitivity ranges nearly between −340 and −420 RIU<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">^{-1}</tex-math></inline-formula> for different cancer cells in major polarization mode with the maximum detection limit of 0.025. Besides, the overall sensitivity performance is measured with respect to their normal cells which can be better than any other prior structures that have already proposed.
Cordycepin is a nucleotide analogue from Cordyceps mushrooms, which occupies a notable place in traditional medicine.
In this review article, we have discussed the recent findings on the molecular ...aspects of cordycepin interactions with its recognized cellular targets, and possible mechanisms of its anticancer activity.
We have explored databases like pubmed, google scholar, scopus and web of science for the update information on cordycepin and mechanisms of its anticancer activity, and reviewed in this study.
Cordycepin has been widely recognized for its therapeutic potential against many types of cancers by various mechanisms. More specifically, cordycepin can induce apoptosis, resist cell cycle and cause DNA damage in cancer cells, and thus kill or control cancer cell growth. Also cordycepin can induce autophagy and modulate immune system. Furthermore, cordycepin also inhibits tumor metastasis. Although many success stories of cordycepin in anticancer research in vitro and in animal model, and there is no successful clinical trial yet.
Ongoing research studies have reported highly potential anticancer activities of cordycepin with numerous molecular mechanisms. The in vitro and in vivo success of cordycepin in anticancer research might influence the clinical trials of cordycepin, and this molecule might be used for development of future cancer drug.
•Thymoquinone is a natural product with anticancer activity.•Thymoquinone can methylate or demethylate DNA.•Thymoquinone can interfere with the histone acetylation/deacetylation process.•Thymoquinone ...can regulate miRNA expression.
Thymoquinone is a natural product known for its anticancer activity. Preclinical studies indicated numerous mechanisms of action by which thymoquinone exerts its effects on cancer cells. Recent evidence has indicated that thymoquinone can modulate epigenetic machinery, like modifying histone acetylation and deacetylation, DNA methylation and demethylation, which are among the major epigenetic changes that can contribute to carcinogenesis. Moreover, thymoquinone can alter the genetic expression of various noncoding RNAs, such as miRNA and lncRNA, which are the key parts of cellular epigenetics. This review focuses on cellular epigenetic systems, epigenetic changes responsible for cancer and the counteraction of thymoquinone to target epigenetic challenges, which might be among the mechanisms of the thymoquinone effect in cancer cells.
In this paper, we introduce and study a modified multi-step Noor iterative procedure with errors for two Lipschitz strictly hemicontractive-type mappings in arbitrary Banach spaces and constitute its ...convergence and stability. The obtained results in this paper generalize and extend the corresponding result of Hussain
et al.
(Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2012:160,
2012
) and some analogous results of several authors in the literature. Finally, a numerical example is included to illustrate our analytical results and to display the efficiency of our proposed novel iterative procedure with errors.
In this letter, we proposed the use of feed-forward multilayer perceptron in deep learning-based artificial neural network (ANN) to accurately predict 12 optical parameters of silica-based photonic ...crystal fiber (PCF) within milliseconds using 6 input parameters. The optimized ANN has 3 hidden layers and each layer has 50 neurons. The PCF has several hexagonal-shaped layers with circular air holes, and it uses silica as the cladding and FK51A glass as the core. The PCF parameters that have been successfully predicted include birefringence, chromatic dispersion, effective area, effective refractive index, nonlinear coefficient, numerical aperture, power fraction, relative sensitivity, V-parameter, and loss profiles such as confinement loss, effective material loss, and scattering loss. The prediction has high accuracy with a loss of only 0.00567 and a learning rate of 0.0001. 7-fold validation and batching are used to increase scalability during validation. The proposed ANN is over 99.9% faster than conventional numerical simulation approaches.
The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important step for the developmental process. Recent evidences support that EMT allows the tumor cells to acquire invasive properties and to ...develop metastatic growth characteristics. Some of the transcription factors, which are actively involved in EMT process, have a significant role in the EMT–metastasis linkage. A number of studies have reported that EMT-inducing transcription factors (EMT-TFs), such as Twist, Snail, Slug, and Zeb, are directly or indirectly involved in cancer cell metastasis through a different signaling cascades, including the Akt, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Wnt pathways, with the ultimate consequence of the downregulation of E-cadherin and upregulation of metastatic proteins, such as N-cadherin, vimentin, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, etc. This review summarizes the update information on the association of EMT-TFs with cancer metastasis and the possible cancer therapeutics via targeting the EMT-TFs.
A reconfigurable antenna (RA) capable of steering its beam into the hemisphere corresponding to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\theta \in </tex-math></inline-formula> {−40°, 0°, 40°}, ...<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\phi \in </tex-math></inline-formula> {0°, 45°, 90°, −45°}, and of changing 3 dB beamwidth, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\theta _{3\,\text {dB}} \in </tex-math></inline-formula>(40°, 100°), <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\phi \in </tex-math></inline-formula> {45°, 90°, −45°} for broadside direction is presented. The RA operating in 5 GHz band consists of a driven patch antenna with a parasitic layer placed above it. The upper surface of the parasitic layer has two pixelated metallic strips, where each strip has four pixels. The pixels connected via p-i-n diode switches enable to change the current distribution on the antenna providing the desired modes of operation. A prototype RA was characterized indicating an average gain of 8 dB. Measured and simulated impedance and radiation patterns agreed well. The proposed RA offers an efficient solution by using less number of switches compared to other RAs. The system level simulations for a 5G orthogonal frequency division multiple access system show that the RA improves capacity/coverage tradeoff significantly, where the RA modes and users are jointly determined to create proper beamwidth and directivity at the access point antennas. For a hotspot scenario, the presented RA provided 29% coverage and 16% capacity gain concurrently.
Cervical cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignant tumors worldwide, for which chemotherapeutic strategies are limited due to their non-specific cytotoxicity and drug resistance. The ...natural product thymoquinone (TQ) has been reported to target a vast number of signaling pathways in carcinogenesis in different cancers, and hence is regarded as a promising anticancer molecule. Inhibition of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulators is an important approach in anticancer research. In this study, TQ was used to treat the cervical cancer cell lines SiHa and CaSki to investigate its effects on EMT-regulatory proteins and cancer metastasis. Our results showed that TQ has time-dependent and dose-dependent cytotoxic effects, and it also inhibits the migration and invasion processes in different cervical cancer cells. At the molecular level, TQ treatment inhibited the expression of Twist1, Zeb1 expression, and increased E-Cadherin expression. Luciferase reporter assay showed that TQ decreases the
and
promoter activities respectively, indicating that
and
might be the direct target of TQ. TQ also increased cellular apoptosis in some extent, but apoptotic genes/proteins we tested were not significant affected. We conclude that TQ inhibits the migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells, probably via Twist1/E-Cadherin/EMT or/and Zeb1/E-Cadherin/EMT, among other signaling pathways.
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive type of breast cancer with enhanced metastasis and poor survival. Though chemotherapy, radiotherapy, photothermal therapy (PTT), ...photodynamic therapy (PDT), and gene delivery are used to treat TNBC, various side effects limit these therapeutics against TNBC. In this review article, we have focused on the mechanism of action of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to enhance the efficacy of therapeutics with targeted delivery on TNBC cells.
Research data were accumulated from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using searching criteria "gold nanoparticles and triple-negative breast cancer" and "gold nanoparticles and cancer". Though we reviewed many old papers, the most cited papers were from the last ten years.
Various studies indicate that AuNPs can enhance bioavailability, site-specific drug delivery, and efficacy of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, PTT, and PDT as well as modulate gene expression. The role of AuNPs in the modulation of TNBC therapeutics through the inhibition of cell proliferation, progression, and metastasis has been proved in vitro and in vivo studies. As these mechanistic actions of AuNPs are most desirable to develop drugs with enhanced therapeutic efficacy against TNBC, it might be a promising approach to apply AuNPs for TNBC therapeutics.
This article reviewed the mechanism of action of AuNPs and their application in the enhancement of therapeutics against TNBC. Much more attention is required for studying the role of AuNPs in developing them either as a single or synergistic anticancer agent against TNBC.
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