Secondary phenolic metabolites play an important role in plant defense mechanisms, and increasing evidence indicates that many are important in human health. To date, few studies have investigated ...the impact of various agricultural practices on levels of secondary plant metabolites. To address this issue, the total phenolic (TP) content of marionberries, strawberries, and corn grown by sustainable, organic, or conventional cultural practices were measured. Additionally, the effects of three common postharvest processing treatments (freezing, freeze-drying, and air-drying) on the TP content of these agricultural products were also investigated. Statistically higher levels of TPs were consistently found in organically and sustainably grown foods as compared to those produced by conventional agricultural practices. In all samples, freeze-drying preserved higher levels of TPs in comparison with air-drying. Keywords: Phenolics; ascorbic acid; sustainable agriculture; organic agriculture; conventional agriculture; strawberry; corn; marionberry
A rotor is supported using a magnetic bearing, which consists of permanent magnets and electromagnets in the axial direction without mechanical contacts. In this paper, a new mechanism with a hollow ...shaft structure in the center of the rotor and the stator for levitation control is proposed. A test device is made according to the results of analysis. Moreover, some experiments about impulse response, step response, levitation, and rotation are performed. In this paper, static characteristics and dynamic characteristics about the test device are discussed, and the new mechanism with a hollow shaft structure is also discussed.
Bulk metallic glasses with a maximum thickness (
t
max) of 1.0–2.7 mm were synthesized in the Fe
43Cr
16Mo
16(C, B, P)
25 system over a wide composition range by copper mold casting. They exhibit a ...large supercooled liquid region (Δ
T
x) of 40–90 K and a high reduced glass transition temperature (
T
g/
T
l) of 0.54–0.60, indicating high glass-forming ability (GFA) and high thermal stability of the supercooled liquid. The critical cooling rate for glass formation was evaluated to be of the order of 10
2 K s
−1. The bulk metallic glasses exhibited high corrosion resistance in aggressive HCl solutions. The alloying element P has a beneficial effect on corrosion resistance.
Dielectric properties of
E. coli cell have been re-studied by means of the three-shell spheroidal model, where the three shells correspond to the outer membrane, the periplasmic space and the inner ...membrane, respectively. With the model, a curve-fitting procedure has been developed to analyze the dielectric spectra. Although
E. coli cell has been studied before, its special morphological structure was taken into account more comprehensively than any previous model in the present work. Dielectric properties of various cell components have been estimated from the observed dielectric spectra, especially the permittivity of the outer membrane, which was evaluated quantitatively for the first time. The values of
ε
om were 12 for
κ
om of 0 to 10
−
4
S/m and 34 for
κ
om of 10
−
3
S/m. The specific capacitance of the inner membrane was 0.6–0.70 μF/cm
2. The relative permittivity and the conductivity of the cytoplasm were about 100 and 0.22 S/m, respectively, and the conductivity of the periplasmic space was 2.2–3.2 S/m.
Pure zirconium oxide nanocrystallites with diameters 6–140
nm are fabricated from ultrafine metallo-organic complexes by thermal hydrolysis at 120
°C and/or heat treatment at 125–1025
°C. X-ray ...photoelectron spectroscopy shows that effective ionic valence of Zr decreases with decreasing particle diameter. The size dependence of the ionic valences suggests that the phase transition from cubic to tetragonal occurs at an effective Zr valence of 2.0 near 3
nm in diameter and that the phase transition from tetragonal to monoclinic takes place at a critical size of 25
nm diameter with an effective Zr valence of about 2.6.
This article describes applications of dielectric spectroscopy to heterogeneous systems, such as particle suspensions, membranes in liquids and composite materials. Heterogeneous systems including ...interfaces show dielectric relaxation due to interfacial polarization. Theories for interfacial polarization in two-, three- and multi-phase systems are summarized and technical developments in dielectric spectroscopy are also described. Practical applications to artificial and biological membrane systems and colloidal suspensions including biological cells are presented.
The electrochemical and corrosion behavior of a newly designed Ni-free Ti-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) was investigated. The Ti
45Zr
10Pd
10Cu
31Sn
4 BMG exhibits excellent corrosion resistance ...after immersion in 3 mass% NaCl, 1
N H
2SO
4 and 1
N H
2SO
4
+
0.01
N NaCl solutions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements were used to analyze the changes of the elements on the alloy surface before and after immersion in various solutions. The formation of Ti- and Zr-enriched highly protective thin surface films is responsible for the high corrosion resistance of this alloy in corrosive solutions.
The preparation of bulk glassy alloys with high glass-forming ability and high corrosion resistance in Fe-based system was succeeded by means of copper-mold casting. The temperature interval of ...supercooled liquid region (
ΔT
x) is as large as 53–62 K and the reduced glass transition temperature (
T
g/
T
m) is as high as 0.62–0.63 for the cast Fe
50−
x
Cr
16Mo
16C
18B
x
(
x=4, 6, 8 at.%) glassy alloys. The corrosion rates of the Fe
50−
x
Cr
16Mo
16C
18B
x
glassy alloys with a diameter of 1.2 mm were in the range of 10
−3–10
−2 mm
year
−1 in 1, 6 and 12 N HCl solutions at 298 K. The bulk glassy alloys are spontaneously passivated in 1 and 6 N HCl solutions with wide passive region and low passive current density. They do not suffer pitting corrosion even when polarized anodicly in 12 N HCl solution up to 1.0 V (Ag/AgCl). The high corrosion resistance is due to the formation of chromium-rich passive films during immersion in HCl solutions. In addition, the increase of boron content in alloys improves the corrosion resistance of the bulk glassy alloys within the composition range examined.
A newly designed (Cu
0.6Hf
0.25Ti
0.15)
90Nb
10 bulk metallic glass (BMG) composite with an excellent combination of high corrosion resistance and superior mechanical properties was successfully ...synthesized. The micrometer-sized ductile Nb-rich dendrite phase disperses homogeneously in the glassy matrix. Addition of Nb to the Cu–Hf–Ti alloy results in a significant decrease in the corrosion rates in the solutions examined. The high corrosion resistance of the (Cu
0.6Hf
0.25Ti
0.15)
90Nb
10 BMG composite is attributed to the formation of Hf-, Ti-, and Nb-enriched highly protective surface films during immersion in acid- and chloride-ion-containing solutions. The composite alloy exhibits a high compressive true yield strength of 2073
MPa and true fracture strength of 2232
MPa together with a large true plastic strain of 14.1%. The embedded micrometer-sized dendrites in the glassy matrix retard inhomogeneous shear deformation and contribute to the large plastic strain.
Summary
To better understand the plasticity of life history traits in the blackspot tuskfish, Choerodon schoenleinii (Valenciennes, 1839), the characteristics of the population around the Yaeyama ...Islands (24°N, 124E) were examined and compared to those around Okinawajima Island (26°N, 128E) that had been investigated in a previous study. Age and growth of the Yaeyama population were examined based on 103 specimens collected at fish markets between 2006 and 2016. Specimens included 83 females (25.2–69.0 cm total length TL), and 20 males (43.1–71.8 cm TL). Ages determined from sectioned otoliths ranged from 1–9 for females, and 4–15 for males. Values for von Bertalanffy growth functions were Lt = 74.2 {1−exp−0.23 (t + 0.38)}, and the growth of the Yaeyama population was significantly faster than that of the previously studied population. Sexual demography of the two populations was compared using body length data on landings measured at the fish markets. In the Yaeyama population, females and males ranged from 24–65 cm TL and 39–75 cm TL, respectively; length at 50% individual sex change size was estimated at 54.7 ± 0.56 cm (±95% C.I.). In contrast, in the Okinawajima population, females and males ranged from 16–65 cm TL and 30–75 cm TL, respectively; meanwhile, 50% sex change size was estimated to be 50.0 ± 0.25 cm. There were thus significant differences in the size at sex change between the two populations. This difference may be related to the difference in population density between the sites.
