The main objective of the present study is to explore the effects of electromagnetohydrodynamics electroosmotic flow of hybrid nanofluid through circular cylindrical microchannels. An analysis of ...hybrid nanofluid consisting of four different nanomaterials i.e., single and multiwall carbon nanotubes, silver, and copper is carried out. Yamada-Ota model is employed for the single and multi wall carbon nanotubes, whereas, Xue model is used for the Silver and Copper hybrid nanofluid for specifying the thermal conductivity. The imposed pressure gradient, electromagnetic field and electroosmosis actuated the fluid flow. The flow of heat transfer and Nusselt number with the account of various effects of Joule heating and viscous dissipation under the circumstances of constant heat flux are discussed graphically. The governing system of equations is molded into a system of coupled, nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The shooting technique is used to extract the numerical solutions of the converted system of equations. Also, the outturn of different parameters like Hartman number, the strength of lateral direction electric field, EDL (electric double layer) electrokinetic width, Joule heating parameters on the temperature, and velocity are investigated. The conversion of simple fluid to hybrid nanofluid has greatly alteration in the present model. It has enhanced the thermal properties of fluid. It is also noted that Formula: see text based hybrid nanofluid has most influential impact on Nusselt number, temperature distribution and velocity of the fluid. This attempt is useful for the designing of effectual electromagnetic appliances and exquisite.
Phototherapy is the primary treatment for hyperbilirubinemia in neonates. Hypocalcemia is a lesser known but potential detrimental effect of phototherapy. It has been hypothesized that phototherapy ...inhibits pineal secretion of melatonin, which blocks the effect of cortisol on bone calcium. Therefore, unchecked cortisol increases bone uptake of calcium and induces hypocalcemia. Covering head during phototherapy in order to prevent light reaching to the pineal gland which eventually leads to the prevention of hypocalcemia is hypothesized to prevent hypocalcemia but it lacks sufficient evidence worldwide.
It is a prospective, randomized controlled study. 112 neonates were randomized into two groups of 56 neonates. Group A underwent phototherapy without head cover and group B with head covered by a cap.
The mean decline in serum ionic calcium after 48 hours of phototherapy in group A and group B was 0.57±0.37 mg/dl and 0.34±0.24 mg/dl respectively. This decline in serum ionic calcium was significantly higher in group A. (p < 0.001). 26.8% newborns from group A developed hypocalcemia while in group B only 14.3% developed hypocalcemia however it was not found to be statistically significant. Incidence of symptomatic hypocalcemia between the two groups was also not significant.
There was significant reduction in serum calcium in neonates undergoing phototherapy without head cover as compared to neonates with head cover but risk of hypocalcemia was not significant. Further studies with larger sample size including preterm are recommended.
In this study, Ni-ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation technique and used to remove the chromium (Cr) metal from the industrial wastewater. The synthesized nanoparticles were ...characterized for their structural properties and morphology by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The average particle size of synthesized nanoparticles was calculated by applying the Scherrer's formula on the characteristic peaks of XRD patterns. The large surface area, controlled size and well-defined structure of the synthesized Ni-ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles showed remarkable results for wastewater treatment. The characterized nanoparticles were distributed into the industrial wastewater under constant stirring for 20 minutes. The nanoparticles' suspension was subjected to UV-VIS spectrophotometry for the study of photo-catalytic behaviour of Ni-ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles. The effect of Ni-ZnFe2O4 was investigated under visible light irradiation. Zn doping in Ni-ZnFe2O4 showed remarkable effect on efficiency of Cr removal from the wastewater.
Non-thermal microplasmas are gaining attention of research community due to their unique physical, chemical, optical and catalytic properties. Due to theses remarkable properties, microplasmas are ...being used in medicine, electronics, material processing and biotechnology. In this study, silver nanorods (AgNRs) were synthesized by coupling dc plasma with aqueous solution of silver nitrate (AgNO3). Sucrose was added in the solution as a stabilizing agent. AgNRs were produced in aqueous solution by reducing AgNO3 with dc plasma jet of argon at atmospheric pressure. No additional reducing agent was added used during production of AgNRs. Different molar ratios of AgNO3 were used to control the size and dispersion of nanorods. Chemical composition and surface morphology of AgNRs were examined by using different techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The EDX spectrum confirmed that nanorods are AgNRs metallic silver with atomic weight of 16.86%. SEM micrographs revealed the formation of AgNRs. The rod length varied from 5 nm to 100 nm, depending on the molarity of solute.
In this paper, a review of applying dye-sensitized (DSCs) and perovskite solar cells (PSCs) on flexible substrates is presented. Metallic and polymeric materials are the most common flexible ...substrates used. Cell integration into a textile substrate is also considered here as a future alternative. Common challenges with these include penetration of humidity, cell stability, and lifetime. Flexible DSCs and PSCs are still a niche technology, but have an inherent potential for cheap roll-to-roll mass production of photovoltaics.
Abstract
Introduction/Objective
Plexiform fibromyoma (PF) tumors are benign mesenchymal tumor that arises in the antrum and pyloric region of the stomach. PF are recently added to the WHO ...classification of tumors in 2010. To the best of our knowledge; there are less than 100 cases have been reported.
Methods/Case Report
We present a case of 41-year-old Caucasian female who presented for EGD in preparation for her bariatric surgery in which she was found to have an incidental large subepithelial mass lesion with small surface ulceration in the proximal stomach. Fine needle biopsy was performed showing bland spindle cell proliferation with myxoid background. Computed tomography (CT) revealed an enhancing, highly vascular exophytic submucosal mass in the anterior wall of the gastric antrum, indicating a GIST. Resection of the mass showed a 6.5 cm bulging mass covered by mucosa with tan white focally cystic cut surfaces. Histologically, the tumor is composed multinodular plexiform growth pattern the presence of spindle cells in the myxoid or fibromyxoid stroma rich in arborizing thin- walled vessels. The spindle tumor cells contained round or ovoid nuclei and scanty eosinophilic cytoplasm. Some cells exhibited perinuclear cytoplasmic haloes. Lymphocytes and mast cells were observed in the stroma. There was no significant cytological atypia or necrosis in the tumor cells, and mitotic activity was negligible. Immunohistochemical stains showed the spindle cells to be strongly positive for SMA, desmin and vimentin while negative for CK AE1/AE3, CK CAM 5.2, DOG1, S100, CD45, CD117. Meanwhile Ki-67 shows a proliferation index of less than 2%. The overall morphological and immunohistochemical findings are supportive of the above diagnosis of plexiform fibromyxoma. The main differential diagnosis is GIST, which is the main gastric mesenchymal tumor, also a lot of PF were misdiagnosed as GIST. Genetic testing was described in some PF that showed metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) and glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1) gene translocation.
Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
NA.
Conclusion
Plexiform fibromyoma tumors seem to follow a benign course after complete excision by distal gastrectomy. To date no lymph node or distant metastasis is reported.
In recent scientific research, an interest has been gained significantly by rare earth metals such as cerium (Ce), samarium (Sm) and gadolinium (Gd) due to their use in fuel cells as electrolyte and ...catalysts. When used in an electrolyte, these materials lower the fuel cell's operating temperature compared to a conventional electrolyte, for example, yittria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) which operates at a high temperature (≥800 °C). In this paper, the tri-doped ceria, M0.2Ce0.8O2-δ (M = Sm0.1, Ca0.05, Gd0.05) electrolyte powders was synthesized using the co-precipitation method at 80 °C. These dopants were used for CeO2 with a total molar ratio of 1 M. Dry-pressed powder technique was used to make fuel cell pellets from the powder and placed them in the furnace to sinter at 700 °C for 60 min. Electrical conductivity of such a pellet in air was 1.2 × 10−2 S cm−1 at 700 °C measured by the ProboStat-NorECs setup. The crystal structure was determined with the help of X-ray diffraction (XRD), which showed that all the dopants were successfully doped in CeO2. Raman spectroscopy and UV-VIS spectroscopy were also carried out to analyse the molecular vibrations and absorbance, respectively. The maximum open-circuit voltages (OCVs) for hydrogen and ethanol fuelled at 550 °C were observed to be 0.89 V and 0.71 V with power densities 314 mW cm−2 and 52.8 mW cm−2, respectively.
•Tri-doped ceria for low temperature SOFC.•Significantly enhanced the ionic conductivity.•Working with ethanol and hydrogen fuel.
We propose a new mechanism by which the common electrolyte additive guanidinium thiocyanate (GdmSCN) improves efficiency in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). We demonstrate that binding of Gdm+ to ...TiO2 is weak and does not passivate recombination sites on the TiO2 surface as has been previously claimed. Instead, we show that Gdm+ binds strongly to the N719 and D131 dyes and probably to many similar compounds. The binding of Gdm+ competes with iodine binding to the same molecule, reducing the surface concentration of dye–I2 complexes. This in turn reduces the electron/iodine recombination rate constant, which increases the collection efficiency and thus the photocurrent. We further observe that GdmNO3 can increase efficiency more than the current Gdm+ source, GdmSCN, at least in some DSSCs. Overall, the results point to an improved paradigm for DSSC operation and development. The TiO2/electrolyte surface has long been held to be the key interface in DSSCs. We now assert that the dye layer/electrolyte interaction is at least, and probably more, important.
Gettering of iron in silicon by boron implantation Haarahiltunen, A.; Talvitie, H.; Savin, H. ...
Journal of materials science. Materials in electronics,
12/2008, Letnik:
19, Številka:
Suppl 1
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
In this work we studied, both experimentally and theoretically the iron gettering by boron implantation. Sample material was p-type bulk silicon with resistivity of 21 Ωcm. Samples were iron ...contaminated and boron was implanted into the wafers using two different implantation doses of 4 × 10
15
and 8 × 10
15
cm
−2
. After that various gettering annealings were performed. The results indicate that gettering cannot be explained by electronic interactions between interstitial iron and boron ions alone i.e. segregation gettering to heavily doped implantation region. It was found out that better agreement between experimental and simulation results is achieved if heterogeneous precipitation of iron to ion implantation induced damage is included in the simulations. Finally, the effects of high boron doping and gettering site morphology on iron precipitation are discussed.
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