Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental in origin, affecting an estimated 1 in 88 children in the United States. We previously described ASD-specific maternal autoantibodies that ...recognize fetal brain antigens. Herein, we demonstrate that lactate dehydrogenase A and B (LDH), cypin, stress-induced phosphoprotein 1 (STIP1), collapsin response mediator proteins 1 and 2 (CRMP1, CRMP2) and Y-box-binding protein to comprise the seven primary antigens of maternal autoantibody-related (MAR) autism. Exclusive reactivity to specific antigen combinations was noted in 23% of mothers of ASD children and only 1% of controls. ASD children from mothers with specific reactivity to LDH, STIP1 and CRMP1 and/or cypin (7% vs 0% in controls; P<0.0002; odds ratios of 24.2 (95% confidence interval: 1.45-405)) had elevated stereotypical behaviors compared with ASD children from mothers lacking these antibodies. We describe the first panel of clinically significant biomarkers with over 99% specificity for autism risk thereby advancing our understanding of the etiologic mechanisms and therapeutic possibilities for MAR autism.
Abstract
Investigations of neutron-rich nuclei, particularly those that lie in regions of the nuclear chart known for a high probability of isomeric states forming, are of vital importance to the ...understanding of nuclear astrophysical processes. Studies of these nuclei, such as
190
Re, can be used to validate and improve theoretical models of such processes. A polarised-beam experiment has been performed using the Munich Q3D magnetic spectrograph in order to investigate the energy-level structure of
190
Re. An excitation-energy spectrum has been produced, allowing for energies to be assigned to observed states. Through comparison between measured and calculated differential cross-sections and vector analysing powers, the process of assigning spin and parity to newly observed states, and confirming the assignments for previously observed states, is underway.
Mass measurement of Re-190 Griffiths, M R; Wheldon, C; Kokalova, Tz ...
Journal of physics. G, Nuclear and particle physics,
08/2020, Letnik:
47, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In this paper, a measurement of the atomic mass and mass excess of Re75190 are presented. This isotope and Ir77192 were produced at the Maier-Leibnitz Laboratory (MLL) in Munich in the 192Os(d, ...α)190Re and 194Pt(d, α)192Ir reactions. The Q3D magnetic spectrograph was used to measure the momenta of the α-particle ejectiles in order to reconstruct states in both 190Re and 192Ir. A mass calibration was performed using known energy levels in 192Ir. These measurements were used to obtain a new value of the mass excess of 190Re, −35583 ± 5 keV. The previously known literature value is −35640 ± 70 keV.
Abstract Immune related abnormalities have repeatedly been reported in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), including evidence of immune dysregulation and autoimmune phenomena. NK cells may play an ...important role in neurodevelopmental disorders such as ASD. Here we performed a gene expression screen and cellular functional analysis on peripheral blood obtained from 52 children with ASD and 27 typically developing control children enrolled in the case-control CHARGE study. RNA expression of NK cell receptors and effector molecules were significantly upregulated in ASD. Flow cytometric analysis of NK cells demonstrated increased production of perforin, granzyme B, and interferon gamma (IFNγ) under resting conditions in children with ASD ( p < 0.01). Following NK cell stimulation in the presence of K562 target cells, the cytotoxicity of NK cells was significantly reduced in ASD compared with controls ( p < 0.02). Furthermore, under similar stimulation conditions the presence of perforin, granzyme B, and IFNγ in NK cells from ASD children was significantly lower compared with controls ( p < 0.001). These findings suggest possible dysfunction of NK cells in children with ASD. Abnormalities in NK cells may represent a susceptibility factor in ASD and may predispose to the development of autoimmunity and/or adverse neuroimmune interactions during critical periods of development.
The N=20 island of inversion is an excellent playground for testing shell model calculations. The Mg chain is a region of shell evolution still far from being well understood. In this paper we ...present preliminary results of a single-neutron knockout experiment from 31Mg performed at GANIL to study the structure of 31Mg and of the core 30Mg. The level scheme and longitudinal momentum distributions were mesured and spectroscopic factors were deduced. Negative parity states arise at low energy and the spectroscopic factor for the isomeric 02+ in 30Mg was determined to be smaller than foreseen in the standard picture. The preliminary experimental results are compared to state-of the art shell model calculations revealing opposed interpretations.
Autism is a profound disorder of neurodevelopment with poorly understood biological origins. A potential role for maternal autoantibodies in the etiology of some cases of autism has been proposed in ...previous studies. To investigate this hypothesis, maternal plasma antibodies against human fetal and adult brain proteins were analyzed by western blot in 61 mothers of children with autistic disorder and 102 controls matched for maternal age and birth year (62 mothers of typically developing children (TD) and 40 mothers of children with non-ASD developmental delays (DD)). We observed reactivity to two protein bands at approximately 73 and 37
kDa in plasma from 7 of 61 (11.5%) mothers of children with autism (AU) against fetal but not adult brain, which was not noted in either control group (TD; 0/62
p
=
0.0061 and DD; 0/40
p
=
0.0401). Further, the presence of reactivity to these two bands was associated with parent report of behavioral regression in AU children when compared to the TD (
p
=
0.0019) and DD (0.0089) groups. Individual reactivity to the 37
kDa band was observed significantly more often in the AU population compared with TD (
p
=
0.0086) and DD (
p
=
0.002) mothers, yielding a 5.69-fold odds ratio (95% confidence interval 2.09–15.51) associated with this band. The presence of these antibodies in the plasma of some mothers of children with autism, as well as the differential findings between mothers of children with early onset and regressive autism may suggest an association between the transfer of IgG autoantibodies during early neurodevelopment and the risk of developing of autism in some children.
An experimental technique for studying elastic scattering using a thick gas target is described, with a measurement of the α(24Ne,α) reaction used as an example. Advantages such as ease, detector ...efficiency, and the possibility of measuring the cross section at 180° in the centre-of-mass are discussed. It is shown that a resolution of tens of keV is practical at zero degrees, and that the dominant contribution to the resolution for large angles is angular straggling of the beam in the entrance window. The use of helium gas as the target allows direct measurement of a-cluster states.
Abstract Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by impairment in social interactions, communication deficits, and restricted repetitive interests and behaviors. There is evidence of both ...immune dysregulation and autoimmune phenomena in autism. We examined the regulatory cytokine transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ1) because of its role in controlling immune responses. Plasma levels of active TGFβ1 were evaluated in 75 children with ASD compared with 68 controls. Children with ASD had significantly lower plasma TGFβ1 levels compared with typically developing controls ( p = 0.0017) and compared with children with developmental disabilities other than ASD ( p = 0.0037), after adjusting for age and gender. In addition, there were significant correlations between psychological measures and TGFβ1 levels, such that lower TGFβ1 levels were associated with lower adaptive behaviors and worse behavioral symptoms. The data suggest that immune responses in autism may be inappropriately regulated due to reductions in TGFβ1. Such immune dysregulation may predispose to the development of possible autoimmune responses and/or adverse neuroimmune interactions during critical windows in development.
The three-axis Dalitz plot has been applied to the breakup of a nucleus into unequal mass fragments for the first time. The Dalitz plot allows clear identification of the various breakup channels ...of9Be → 2α + n process. The method has allowed the branching ratio for the 6.38 MeV level in9Be to be provisionally calculated when examining the9Be(4He, α)ααn reaction. The effects of non-uniform angular distributions on the Dalitz plot must still be properly investigated along with the effects of contaminant reaction channels. It is proposed that this method could be used to determine the breakup branching ratio of a newly-measured level in this nucleus.
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