The aim is to investigate the contribution of the PNIF test in daily clinical practices in the objective evaluation of the early postoperative functional results of septoplasty and the effect of the ...severity, direction, and type of nasal septum deviation on mean PNIF values. Nasal septum deviation (NSDs) of the cases were grouped according to the Mladina classification and the severity of NSDs. An objective evaluation of the nasal airway was conducted via a peak flowmeter device in the preoperative and postoperative first month. When examining the mean PNIF values according to genders, it was observed that the values determined in male cases in the preoperative and postoperative period were higher. In the intragroup evaluation performed according the Mladina classification, a statistically significant increase was observed in the preoperative and postoperative PNIF values of the cases in Types 1–4. In the intragroup evaluation performed according to the severity of NSD, there was a significant increase in the preoperative and postoperative PNIF values of the mild and moderate cases. When comparing the preoperative and postoperative PNIF values of the groups in terms of the severity of NSD, it was observed that there was a significant difference. The PNIF can be used in routine clinical practices to evaluate the septoplasty results objectively. In the evaluation of functional results, the change in the mean PNIF values may also vary according to the direction and severity of septum deviation and the Mladina classification other than age, gender and ethnic origin.
Background
This study was to investigate the frequency of self-reported dizziness symptom in cases with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) and the severity of dizziness, if any, by using various ...scales. The frequency and severity of the self-reported dizziness symptom of CCHF patients, level of disability caused by dizziness, and to what extent vestibular symptoms affected activities of daily living were assessed by various scales. The frequency and severity of the self-reported dizziness symptom of CCHF patients, level of disability caused by dizziness, and to what extent vestibular symptoms affected activities of daily living were assessed by various scales.
Results
The frequency of dizziness in CCHF cases included in the study was 11.11% and all the cases were involved in the mild category in terms of disease severity. When the results of the scales applied to all of the cases were evaluated in general, it was seen that there was no vertigo or dizziness.
Conclusion
According to the results of the present study, we consider that multicenter studies with large series investigating pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these clinical symptoms are needed in order to evaluate dizziness symptom and to make definitive interpretations in CCHF disease.
The future of deep learning integration in agriculture holds great potential for advancing sustainable agricultural practices, precision agriculture and improved decision-making. With the rapid ...development of image processing and artificial intelligence technologies in recent years, deep learning has begun to play a major role in identifying agricultural pests and optimizing agricultural product marketing. However, there are challenges related to data quality, model scalability, and geographical limitations for widespread adoption of deep learning in agriculture. This study on Olive was conducted to improve the quality of the data set and to ensure more reliable training of object detection models. According to the result of the training process of YOLOv7 used in the study, it was concluded that it was characterized by decreasing loss values and showed an increase in the model's ability to detect objects correctly. It was observed that the other model, YOLOv8l, had a more effective learning capacity and a tendency to learn faster. The performance of both models was evaluated with various metrics, and it was determined that YOLOv8l had higher Precision, Recall, and mAP values. It was emphasized that YOLOv8l showed high performance even in low epoch numbers and can be preferred especially in cases where time and computational resources were limited. It was determined that YOLOv7 made detections in a wide confidence range, but had difficulty in detections with low confidence scores. It was observed that YOLOv8l made more stable and reliable detections with higher confidence scores. The metric data of the "YOLOv8l" model was found to be higher compared to other models. The F1 score of the YOLOv5l model was 92.337%, precision 96.568%, recall %88,462,mAP@0.5:0.65 value gave the highest score with 94.608%. This research on deep learning-based object detection models indicated that YOLOv8l showed superior performance compared to YOLOv7 and was a more reliable option for agricultural applications.
Robotic systems have become essential in the industrial field today. Robotic systems used in many areas of industry enable the development of mechanization of agriculture. Researches in recent years ...have focused on the introduction of automatic systems and robot prototypes in the field of agriculture in order to reduce production costs. The developed smart harvest robots are systems that can work uninterrupted for hours and guarantee minimum cost and high production. The main element of these systems is the determination of the location of the product to be harvested by image processing. In addition to the programs used for image processing, deep learning models have become popular today. Deep learning techniques offer high accuracy in analyzing and processing agricultural data. Due to this feature, the use of deep learning techniques in agriculture is becoming increasingly widespread. During the harvest of the artichoke, its head should generally be cut off with one or two leaves. One main head and usually two side heads occur from one shoot. Harvest maturity degree is the time when the heads reach 2/3 of their size, depending on the variety character. In this study, classification was made by using the deep learning method, considering the head size of the fruit. YOLOv5 (nano-small-medium and large models) was used for the deep learning method. All metric values of the models were examined. It was observed that the most successful model was the model trained with the YOLOv5n algorithm, 640x640 sized images with 20 Batch, 90 Epoch. Model values results were examined as “metrics/precision”, “metrics/recall”, “metrics/mAP_0.5” and “metrics/mAP_0.5:0.95”. These are key metrics that measure the detection success of a model and indicate the performance of the relevant model on the validation dataset. It was determined that the metric data of the “YOLOv5 nano” model was higher compared to other models. The measured value was Model 1= Size: 640x640, Batch: 20, Epoch: 90, Algorithm: YOLOv5n. Hence, it was understood that “Model 1” was the best detection model to be used in separating artichokes from branches in robotic artichoke harvesting.
Bu çalışmada, salata marul yetiştiriciliğinde derin öğrenme metodlarından YOLOv5n, YOLOv5s ve Yolov5m kullanılarak hasat zamanı tespiti belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Herbir metot için 640x640 ...çözünürlük üzerinden eğitim yapılmıştır. Bu eğitim metodlarından hangi metodun ve hangi çözünürlüğün tam sonuç vereceği incelenmiştir. Oluşturan üç modelin tüm metrik değerleri incelenmiştir. En başarılı model YOLOv5n algoritmasıyla, 640x640 boyutundaki görselleri 10 batch size olarak 150 epoch ile eğitilmiş “Model 1” model olduğu görülmüştür. Model değerleri sonuçları “metrics/precision”, “metrics/recall”, “metrics/mAP_0.5” ve “metrics/mAP_0.5:0.95” olarak incelenmiştir. Bunlar, bir modelin tespit başarısını ölçen anahtar metriklerdir ve ilgili modelin doğrulama veri kümesinde gösterdiği performansı belirtmektedir. “Model 1” modelinin metrik verileri, diğer modellerle kıyaslandığında daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ölçülen değer Model 1: Size: 640x640, Batch: 10, Epoch: 150, Algorithm: YOLOv5n’dir. Buradan “Model 1” in robotik marul hasadında, marulun hasat kriterin bulunması için kullanılacak en iyi tespit modeli olduğu anlaşılmıştır.
Foreign language education at early ages involves a broad spectrum of communication skills using communication, culture, connections, comparisons and community. The aim of this study is to compare ...the primary foreign language curricula of Turkey, Germany and the Netherlands in terms of objectives, content, teaching processes and evaluation systems. This is a comparative education research and most of the data, taken from official sources of the country, was obtained by the document analysis. Turkish Primary School English program is found to be more comprehensive and elaborate while the program in Germany and the Netherlands are quite flexible. The curricula of Germany and the Netherlands not only provide more freedom with teachers in planning lessons but also meet the needs and interests of students. In all three countries, the programs vary in terms of content presentation. Turkey has a detailed content of the English curriculum, and teachers are obliged to follow the program. On the other hand, teachers in the Netherlands are given the opportunity to make the choice of content.
Cross-curricular objectives serve as a kind of "safety net" for core objectives. Firstly, cross-curricular objectives refer to competencies that do not pertain to the content of one or more subjects, ...but that can be taught, practised and applied in it, such as learning to learn and social skills. Secondly, certain cross-curricular final objectives must also be regarded as a complement to the subject final objectives. They render it possible to make the subjects more coherent and interconnected. Several studies show that without enough background familiarity with L2 cultural knowledge, readers have great difficulty in understanding the meaning of texts. This study describes strategies of cross-curricular reading instruction, discusses its benefits, advantages and challenges for teachers or other interested groups who want to encourage their students to explore significant subjects, problems, and questions by providing them with a wide range of reading opportunities. It presents suggestions for teaching themes that focus on what students know, because such themes increase confidence, improve reading skills, expand concepts and background, and foster positive attitudes about reading.
Hydrogen adsorption and desorption over Ru/SiO2 and Ru/Vulcan are investigated in terms of hydrogen storage and release characteristics by both dynamic and static experiments. Ru particle dispersions ...as a function of metal loading were determined by HR-TEM and volumetric chemisorption experiments. Vulcan was more accommodating for spillover hydrogen than SiO2. High Ru dispersions, i.e., small particle sizes, favored the amount of hydrogen spillover to Vulcan, as revealed by temperature programmed desorption (TPD) of hydrogen. TPD of hydrogen under He flow experiments over Ru/SiO2 and Ru/Vulcan materials revealed a low temperature process (up to 200 °C) attributed to desorption of weakly bound hydrogen from Ru metal surface. A high temperature process (above 450 °C) was attributed to diffusion of hydrogen from the support to the Ru particle and desorption at the Ru sites. Hydrogen adsorbs strongly on Ru metal, as indicated by the initial heats of H2 adsorption measured as 100 kJ/mol over 1 wt% Ru/Vulcan by adsorption calorimetry. At higher coverages, heat of adsorption of hydrogen was measured as 10 kJ/mol. Low heat of adsorption of hydrogen at high coverages indicate multilayer weak adsorption of hydrogen over the storage material, which can desorb at lower temperatures.
Display omitted Hydrogen release at lower hydrogen coverages is diffusion limited, requiring higher temperatures.
•Two distinct hydrogen desorption peaks were observed Tpeak ∼100 °C and Tpeak ∼450 °C.•The low temperature desorption is due to hydrogen adsorbed on Ru.•Low temperature peak has EAdesorption ∼100 kJ/mol, consistent with the initial heat of adsorption.•Weakly bound hydrogen adsorption heat is measured as 10 kJ/mol.•Hydrogen desorption at low coverages is diffusion limited, requiring higher temperatures.
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