Gamma-ray effect on commercial Metal- Oxide -Semiconductor -Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) has been investigated at room temperature. This was accomplished by evaluation of the electrical ...characteristics
I-V
. The variation of the threshold voltage
V
T
, the drain current
I
DS
, and the transconductance
g
m
have been also deduced as a function of the gamma-ray dose. Experimentally, testes were achieved on both linear and saturation regimes. The increase of
V
T
after irradiation was mainly invested to use MOSFET as gamma-ray dosimeter. This increase was almost linear for small doses up to 0.6 kGy with a constant sensitivity equals to 3 V/ kGy;while a nonlinearity behavior, at higher doses, was observed. The
I
DS
and
g
m
were reduced after irradiation, but these can be compensated by increasing bias voltage.
Up to 30% of patients with breast cancer relapse after primary treatment. There are no sensitive and reliable tests to monitor these patients and detect distant metastases before overt recurrence. ...Here, we demonstrate the use of personalized circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) profiling for detection of recurrence in breast cancer.
Forty-nine primary patients with breast cancer were recruited following surgery and adjuvant therapy. Plasma samples (
= 208) were collected every 6 months for up to 4 years. Personalized assays targeting 16 variants selected from primary tumor whole-exome data were tested in serial plasma for the presence of ctDNA by ultradeep sequencing (average >100,000X).
Plasma ctDNA was detected ahead of clinical or radiologic relapse in 16 of the 18 relapsed patients (sensitivity of 89%); metastatic relapse was predicted with a lead time of up to 2 years (median, 8.9 months; range, 0.5-24.0 months). None of the 31 nonrelapsing patients were ctDNA-positive at any time point across 156 plasma samples (specificity of 100%). Of the two relapsed patients who were not detected in the study, the first had only a local recurrence, whereas the second patient had bone recurrence and had completed chemotherapy just 13 days prior to blood sampling.
This study demonstrates that patient-specific ctDNA analysis can be a sensitive and specific approach for disease surveillance for patients with breast cancer. More importantly, earlier detection of up to 2 years provides a possible window for therapeutic intervention.
Integrated bipolar Operational Amplifier (op-amp) type μA 741 was irradiated with neutrons and gamma rays. The radiation on gain factors, slew rate, and power supply current have been evaluated. The ...experimental results show a decrease of these parameter values after exposing to the radiation. The advantage of the increase of the voltage power supplies and the thermal annealing treatment on the damaged parameters was also explored. The relationship among different frequency response parameters is also studied leading to an analytical formula for the above degraded parameters.
•The radiation effects on frequency parameters of 741 op-amp have been studied.•The irradiation was achieved using gamma rays and neutrons.•The irradiation degrades the op-amp parameters.•This degradation is referred to the that of the current gain transistors hFE.•Thermal annealing restores the degraded parameters.
Enzyme-responsive micelles have great potential as drug delivery platforms due to the high selectivity of the activating enzymes. Here we report a highly modular design for the efficient and simple ...synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers based on a linear hydrophilic polyethyleneglycol (PEG) and an enzyme-responsive hydrophobic dendron. These amphiphilic hybrids self-assemble in water into micellar nanocontainers that can disassemble and release encapsulated molecular cargo upon enzymatic activation. The utilization of monodisperse dendrons as the stimuli-responsive block enabled a detailed kinetic study of the molecular mechanism of the enzymatically triggered disassembly. The modularity of these PEG-dendron hybrids allows control over the disassembly rate of the formed micelles by simply tuning the PEG length. Such smart amphiphilic hybrids could potentially be applied for the fabrication of nanocarriers with adjustable release rates for delivery applications.
PEM fuel cells seem to be the most affordable and commercially viable hydrogen-based cells, the biggest challenge being to obtain CO-free H2 (<100 ppm) as the fuel. In this study, the use of CuO–CeO2 ...catalysts in preferential oxidation of CO to obtain CO-free H2 (PROX reaction) was investigated. Ce1−xCuxO2 catalysts, with x (mol%) = 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.10, were synthesized in one-step by the polymeric precursor method, to obtain a very fine dispersion and strong metal-support interaction, to favor active copper species and a preference for the PROX reaction. The results obtained from catalyzed reactions and characterization of the catalysts by XRD, Rietveld refinement, BET surface area, UV–Vis and TPR, suggest that this one-step synthesis method gives rise to catalysts with copper species selective for the PROX reaction, which reaches a maximum rate on Ce0.97Cu0.03O2 catalyst.
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► Synthesis of CuO/CeO2 catalysts by the one-step polymeric precursor method. ► 100% CO conversion on Ce0.97Cu0.03O2 catalyst. ► Monomeric surface and dipolar Cu2+ are responsible for the improved CO conversion.
Cette recherche s’inscrit dans le contexte de l’identification et de la validation de solutions pratiques et économiques qui permettraient de réutiliser des millions de tonnes de matériaux ...granulaires d’abrasifs épandus chaque année au Québec pour assurer la sécurité des transports en période hivernale. Le comportement des abrasifs montre une dégradation de leurs propriétés intrinsèques, due essentiellement à une transformation de leur fuseau granulométrique qui rétrécit, laquelle résulte des efforts principalement de compression entre le passage du trafic et la chaussée. Il n’en demeure pas moins qu’ils conservent des propriétés mécaniques qui les classent dans la catégorie 1 des matériaux fins de la norme NQ 2560-11/2002 établie par le Bureau de normalisation du Québec (BNQ) en 2002. Les résultats des essais de caractérisation physique leur permettent un certain nombre de possibilités de réutilisation en adéquation avec les lois, les normes et les règlements en vigueur au Québec. Une application dans les enrobés est à ce titre testée avec succès.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
•Multiple prognostic markers are capable of predicting prognosis in mRCC.•Biomarkers capable of predicting immune treatment efficacy in mRCC are needed.•TIM-3 can have both a prognostic and ...predictive value.•Integrating biomarkers to the trials of combination therapies is essential.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors such as programmed death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated protein 4 inhibitors are already playing a central role in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. However, they seem to be only effective in a subset of patients, with a high risk of innate and adaptive tumor resistance. Consequently, biomarkers capable of predicting immune treatment efficacy in advanced renal cancer are needed both in the clinical and the experimental setting. We hereby present a brief summary of evidence on the most studied biomarkers in metastatic renal cell carcinoma with a focus on the possible future place of T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM-3).
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This work presents a theoretical study of the laser cooling feasibility of the molecule LuF, in the fine structure level of approximation. An ab-initio complete active space self-consistent field ...(CASSCF)/MRCI with Davidson correction calculation has been done in the Λ
and Ω
representations. The corresponding adiabatic potential energy curves and spectroscopic parameters have been investigated for the low-lying electronic states. The calculated values of the internuclear distances of the X
Σ
and (1)
Π
states show the candidacy of the molecule LuF for direct laser cooling. Since the existence of the intermediate (1)
Δ
state cannot be ignored, the investigation has been done by taking into consideration the two transitions (1)
Π
-(1)
Δ
and (1)
Π
-X
Σ
. The calculation of the Franck-Condon factors, the radiative lifetimes, the total branching ratio, the slowing distance, and the laser cooling scheme study prove that the molecule LuF is a good candidate for Doppler laser cooling.
The single-station microtremor horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (MHVSR) method was initially proposed to retrieve the site amplification function and its resonance frequencies produced by ...unconsolidated sediments overlying high-velocity bedrock. Presently, MHVSR measurements are predominantly conducted to obtain an estimate of the fundamental site frequency at sites where a strong subsurface impedance contrast exists. Of the earthquake site characterization methods presented in this special issue, the MHVSR method is the furthest behind in terms of consensus towards standardized guidelines and commercial use. The greatest challenges to an international standardization of MHVSR acquisition and analysis are (1) the
what
— the underlying composition of the microtremor wavefield is site-dependent, and thus, the appropriate theoretical (forward) model for inversion is still debated; and (2) the
how
— many factors and options are involved in the data acquisition, processing, and interpretation stages. This paper reviews briefly a historical development of the MHVSR technique and the physical basis of an MHVSR (the
what
). We then summarize recommendations for MHVSR acquisition and analysis (the
how
). Specific sections address MHVSR interpretation and uncertainty assessment.
Studying the enzymatic degradation of synthetic polymers is crucial for the design of suitable materials for biomedical applications ranging from advanced drug delivery systems to tissue engineering. ...One of the key parameters that governs enzymatic activity is the limited accessibility of the enzyme to its substrates that may be collapsed inside hydrophobic domains. PEG-dendron amphiphiles can serve as powerful tools for the study of enzymatic hydrolysis of polymeric amphiphiles due to the monodispersity and symmetry of the hydrophobic dendritic block, which significantly simplifies kinetic analyses. Using these hybrids, we demonstrate how precise, minor changes in the hydrophobic block are manifested into tremendous changes in the stability of the assembled micelles toward enzymatic degradation. The obtained results emphasize the extreme sensitivity of self-assembly and its great importance in regulating the accessibility of enzymes to their substrates. Furthermore, the demonstration that the structural differences between readily degradable and undegradable micelles are rather minor, points to the critical roles that self-assembly and polydispersity play in designing biodegradable materials.
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