Pseudophacik Retinal Detachment is a subgroup of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Retachments with some unique characteristics, such as the number and location of retinal breaks, certain intraoperative ...technical difficulties and possibly an increased risk of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Recent evidence has established the role of pars plana vitrectomy as a primary method of managing these cases. The role of using scleral buckling techniques in combination with vitrectomy as well as the types of buckling that could be used remains controversial. At this talk, the above issues will be discussed in full, and a review of the literature as well as the personal experience of the speaker will attempt to clarify the role of using combined techniques in managing those cases.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the main cause of visual impairment and blindness in people aged over 65 years in developed countries. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a ...positive regulator of angiogenesis and its proven role in the pathological neovascularization in wet AMD has provided evidence for the use of anti-VEGF agents as potential therapies. In this study, we review the literature for the possible causes of failure after treatment with anti-VEGF agents and attempt to propose an algorithm of suggestive actions to increase the chances of successful management of such difficult cases.
The aim of this study is to report the anatomic and functional outcomes of retinectomy for the management of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), ...comparing them with previously reported data and determining prognostic factors. Fifty-one eyes of 51 patients with established PVR grade C in which retinectomy was performed were retrospectively enrolled in the study. Primary outcome measures were anatomic success rate and final visual acuity. Secondary outcome measures were intraoperative complications, number of re-operations, and postoperative hypotony. Prognostic factors in relation to retinal re-attachment and final visual acuity were retrospectively analyzed. The rate of complete retinal re-attachment after one operation was 80% and after two operations it was 84%. At the end of the follow-up, the macula was attached in 96% of the cases. Mean LogMAR best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved significantly from 2.45±0.66 preoperatively to 1.37±0.75 at the end of the follow-up (P<0.001). BCVA improved in 37 eyes (72%), remained the same in eleven eyes (22%) and worsened in three eyes (6%). Postoperative hypotony was observed in 2% of cases. Postoperative BCVA was significantly correlated with preoperative BCVA (P<0.001), extension of PVR (P=0.013), preoperative use of gas instead of silicone oil (SO) (P=0.01), and removal of SO (P=0.05). SO was left in situ in 35% of eyes. In conclusion, retinectomy is a surgical option providing good anatomical and reasonable visual outcomes in complicated retinal detachment with PVR. Better preoperative visual acuity, lesser extension of PVR, and the use of gas tamponade during the primary repair are relevant factors for a successful outcome whereas re-proliferation of epiretinal membranes seems to be the main reason of anatomical failure.
This paper explores, from a theoretical and technical point of view, the role of head rotation and eye gaze directionality to the human perception of attention from non-verbal cues. We have annotated ...two different versions of the same dataset, in order to correlate the above parameters with the degree people have considered people in the dataset pay attention to a hypothetical task they have in front of them. Based on our findings, we investigate the role of eye gaze directionality in relation to head rotations and, based on previous studies, we developed an algorithm for estimating attention levels from head pose, eye gaze and facial feature spatial locations. With the help of our AI system and people's annotation, we have made a first attempt towards quantifying the role of each cue to the overall estimation of attention. One of the important properties of the technical part of this work is that all systems we used were non-intrusive and did not demand any personal training or calibration phase, constituting themselves ideal for Game playing. Knowing the behavioral state of a player can be of vital importance for adapting the game design during interaction, or building personal profiles, leading to appropriate game features aiming at maximizing player satisfaction.
We propose a framework for inferring the focus of attention of a person, utilizing information coming both from head rotation and eye gaze estimation. To this aim, we use fuzzy logic to estimate ...confidence on the gaze of a person towards a specific point, and results are compared to human annotation. For head pose we propose Bayesian modality fusion of both local and holistic information, while for eye gaze we propose a methodology that calculates eye gaze directionality, removing the influence of head rotation, using a simple camera. For local information, feature positions are used, while holistic information makes use of face region. Holistic information uses Convolutional Neural Networks which have been shown to be immune to small translations and distortions of test data. This is vital for an application in an unpretending environment, where background noise should be expected. The ability of the system to estimate focus of attention towards specific areas, for unknown users, is grounded at the end of the paper.
Intelligent personalized systems often ignore the affective aspectof human behavior and focus more on tactile cues of the useractivity. A complete user modeling, though, should also incorporatecues ...such as facial expressions, speech prosody and gesture orbody posture expressivity features, in order to dynamically profile the user, fusing all available modalities since these qualitative affective cues contain significant information about the user's on verbal behavior and communication. Towards this direction, this work focuses on automatic extraction of gestural and headexpressivity features and related statistical processing. The perspective of adopting a common formalization of using expressivity features for a multitude of visual, emotional modalities is explored and grounded through an overview of experiments on appropriate corpora and the corresponding analysis.
Current work focuses on the detection of human behavior emotional cues and their incorporation into affect aware Natural Interaction. Techniques for extracting emotional cues based on visual non ...verbal human behavior are presented. Namely, gesture qualitative expressivity features and head pose and eye gaze estimation are derived from hand and facial movement respectively. Extracted emotional cues are employed in expressive synthesis on virtual agents, based on the analysis of actions performed by human users, in a Human-Virtual Agent Interaction setting and in Assistive Technologies aiming to infer in real time the degree of attention or frustration of children with reading difficulties.
In this work, we propose a design for a user attention model featuring three core components. Our system components can work in real-time, offering indications of user attention from different ...sensory inputs (both visual and neurophysiological). The intention of the current work is to keep the equipment as unintrusive as possible, while keeping the confidence of the inputs as high as possible. We discuss potential applications of such a system, particularly with respect to evaluating user attentive behaviour during human-agent interactions and as a more natural interface for interacting with agents.
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