The author argues that mini-mills will play an incraasingly important role in the overall crude steel production picture, and will become more specialised units producing a limited and narrowly ...targeted range of steel products. Depending on the location, mini-mills will develop along the classic lines familiar today, but casting to nearer net shape, or will adopt newly emerging steelmaking technologies with hybrid melting units.
Aminoglycosides and in particular gentamicin are still largely used in the treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in the decompensed alcoholic cirrhotic patient. For that matter, we decided ...to study the various passage of gentamicin in the ascites after its administration through IM injection (80 mg in 6 patients and 120 mg in 6 other patients) and through IV injection (120 mg in 6 other patients). What could possibly be the best protocol to replace the daily intraperitoneal injections? We found out that no matter what the style of injection is, the peritoneal levels are only exceptionnaly higher than 3 mg/g at the highest peak period. These results brought us to analyze the passage of gentamicin in the blood when injected intraperitonealy (160 mg in 6 patients), and then to propose a therapeutic protocol combining on the first day, to the peritoneal injection a loading dose of an IP injection of 160 mg, the relay been taken over later with a peritoneal injection of 80 or 120 mg repeated 2 or 3 times daily. For each of the protocol the pharmacokinetic coefficients of gentamicin were calculated.
The various effects (α, β, γ and δ) on the
13
C nmr of azido steroids have been measured. For cyclohexane azides constrained to equatorial and axial configurations, the α-effects were determined to ...be 33.6 and 31.2 ppm. Both γ- and δ-effects have magnitudes near those for OH and NH
2
groups. On the other hand, the β-effect of the azides is slightly smaller than those of hydroxyls or amines as its magnitude is reduced by a γ-effect of the second nitrogen atom of the azide group. This additional γ-effect is a function of the spatial arrangement of the Cβ—H bond with respect to the azide group. Journal translation
Antileishmanial chemotherapy is hampered by the location of parasites within lysosomal vacuoles of the macrophages which restricts the bioavailability of many potential antileishmanial compounds. In ...this study, the effectiveness of pentamidine targeted to the infected cells by a linkage to a colloidal drug carrier, methacrylate polymer nanoparticles was explored. In the same way, polyisoalkylcyanoacrylate nanospheres which have, in vitro, trypanolytic properties were also tested. The study was performed in an in vitro model using Leishmania major amastigote stages within the U 937 human monohistiocytic cell line. The antileishmanial activities of unloaded or pentamidine-loaded nanoparticles were compared to those of the free drugs. The 50% effective concentration of targeted pentamidine was 0.10 microgram/ml, while it was up to 2.7 micrograms/ml with the free drug after a 24-hour incubation time. The pentamidine-bound nanoparticles proved to be 25 times more active than the free drug. Unloaded polyisoalkylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles destroyed intracellular amastigote stages (50% EC = 15 micrograms/ml) but at a level close to the cytotoxic concentration.
Gentamicin diffusion in pulmonary parenchyma was studied in 10 adult patients with normal renal functions before undergoing thoracic surgery. This aminoside was given in a one time dose of 120 mg ...directly and by way of IV route in 10 min time; blood samples from peripheral and pulmonary sources were drawn at regular intervals between the 10 min period and the 8th hr; parenchymal samples were collected 1 and 2 hrs after drug administration. After separation of residual blood by centrifugation at high speed, the tissues are grinded and homogenized. The assay was performed with an immunological method using a fluorescent polarized detection system. Tissue levels were low in all the patients (0.5 to 2.75 micrograms/g of fresh tissue) and this in spite of the high level of blood collected throughout the administration protocol. As a rule, the relation between tissue/blood is lower than those discussed in literature concerning bronchial secretion. Beside this, the concentrations are similar in peripheral and pulmonary blood collected. Practical conclusions are drawn for therapeutic purpose.
