This review describes new strategies for the non-covalent functionalization and dispersion of CNT using small molecules, such as commercial bile acid salts (BAS) and organic dyes. Efficient CNT ...dispersion was achieved due to the small size, charge and unique adsorption properties of BAS and dyes, which facilitated the bundle “unzipping” mechanism. The discovery of interesting electrochemical and film-forming properties of BAS and organic dyes allowed electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of CNT films by cathodic or anodic methods. Of particular importance is the efficiency of BAS dispersants in the sorting of CNT by diameter, chirality and length. These studies allowed for the efficient separation of SWCNT by electronic type and size, which addressed the urgent needs for many advanced applications. New dispersants allowed the fabrication of functional polymer coated CNT and development of advanced techniques for the fabrication of composites. Chelating dyes were used as co-dispersants for CNT and inorganic nanoparticles. The use of BAS and organic dyes for CNT dispersion has driven the development of advanced composites, films, aerogels for electrochemical, electronic, energy generation and storage, biomedical, sensor and other applications. Colloidal and interface chemistry of new dispersing agents is emerging as a new area of technological and scientific interest.
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•Humic acid (HA) films were deposited by electrophoretic deposition (EPD).•HA was used as a dispersant for oxides, minerals, metals, SiC and carbon nanotubes.•EPD of materials and ...composites was performed using HA.•Composite materials prepared by EPD were used for electrochemical supercapacitors.•The electrodes showed good capacitive behavior.
Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method has been developed for the deposition of humic acid (HA) from solutions in water or mixed water–ethanol solvent. The deposition mechanism was based on the electrophoresis of anionic HA species, local pH decrease at the anode, charge neutralization and HA precipitation. The deposition yield can be varied by the variation of HA concentration and deposition voltage. HA showed remarkable adsorption on various materials, which involved different adsorption mechanisms. HA was used as a dispersing, charging and film forming agent for the EPD of materials of different types, such as oxide nanoparticles of TiO2 and MnO2, mineral particles of halloysite nanotubes and huntite platelets, metal nanoparticles of Ni and Pd, and other materials, such as SiC and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The use of HA as a co-dispersant allowed for the fabrication of MnO2–MWCNT composites with various MWCNT content. The obtained films can be used for different applications based on the functional properties of the deposited materials, such as catalytic, flame retardant, molecular storage and electronic properties. Testing results showed promising performance of MnO2–MWCNT composites for applications in the electrodes of electrochemical supercapacitors.
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Bottom-up and top-down liquid-liquid extraction methods have been developed for the transfer of colloidal metal oxide particles, synthesized in an aqueous phase, to organic phases. In ...such methods the agglomeration of the particles during the drying stage was avoided. Hexadecylamine was used as an extractor for MnO2 particles in the bottom-up extraction to the 1-butanol phase and top-down extraction to the dichloromethane phase. The reduction of particle agglomeration facilitated the fabrication of MnO2-carbon nanotube composite electrodes for electrochemical supercapacitors with enhanced mixing of the individual components and active mass as high as 35mgcm−2. Electrochemical testing results showed superior performance of the composite MnO2-carbon nanotube electrodes, prepared by the bottom-up strategy. The new strategies allowed the fabrication of advanced electrodes, which showed a capacitance of 5.48Fcm−2 at a scan rate of 2mVs−1, good capacitance retention at high scan rates and low resistance. In another conceptually new bottom-up strategy colloidal titania particles were modified during synthesis with 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzaldehyde, which allowed strong catecholate-type bonding to the Ti atoms on the particle surface. The Schiff base reaction with hexadecylamine at the liquid-liquid interface allowed for particle extraction. The extraction strategies developed in this investigation pave the way for agglomerate-free processing of advanced films, coatings and devices by colloidal methods.
A new series of imidazole-5-carboxamide derivatives were prepared and tested for their anti-hyperlipidemic activity in Triton-WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemic Wistar rats. The purpose of this research ...was to improve benzophenone carboxamides water solubility maintaining at the same time the antihyperlipidemic activity. Compounds 4, 6, 10, and 11 were synthesized through a coupling reaction between imidazoles-5-carbonyl chloride and amino benzophenones. The tested animals (n=48) were divided into six groups: the first group (hyperlipidemic control group; HCG) received an intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of (300 mg/kg) Triton WR-1339. The second group received i.p. injection of Triton WR-1339 followed by an intra-gastric administration of bezafibrate (100 mg/kg) (bezafibrate; BF). The third, fourth, fifth, and sixth groups received i.p. injection of Triton WR-1339 followed by an intra-gastric administration of (30 mg/kg) of compounds 4, 6, 10, and 11, respectively. At a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight compounds 4, 6, 10, and 11 significantly (p<0.0001) decreased the plasma level of triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol (TC) levels after 18 h of treatment. Additionally, compounds 4, 6, 11 and bezafibrate (100 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.0001) increased the plasma level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, which is known for its preventive role against atherogenesis. These results demonstrate the possibility of pharmacokinetic properties improvement maintaining the biological and pharmacological profile of these compounds.
Many material manufacturing techniques require the use of nonaqueous colloidal suspensions, containing well dispersed oxide particles and various water insoluble functional components. We report an ...efficient method for the direct transfer of MnO2 and titania particles, synthesized in water, to an organic solvent through the interface of two immiscible liquids. Particle agglomeration during the drying stage was avoided, and stable suspensions of nonagglomerated particles in the organic phase were obtained. The benefits of this method were demonstrated by the fabrication of advanced composite MnO2-multiwalled carbon nanotube electrodes, containing a polymer binder, for electrochemical supercapacitors with high active mass loading and high active material to current collector mass ratio. The electrodes showed a capacitance of 5.13 F/cm2 and low impedance. High extraction efficiency from concentrated suspensions was achieved by the use of an advanced extractor, which allowed strong adsorption on the particles by the polydentate bonding. The extraction mechanism is discussed.
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Poly1-4-(3-carboxy-4-hydroxyphenylazo)benzenesulfonamido-1,2-ethanediyl, sodium salt (PAZO) is a polymeric functional material with a number of unique physical properties, which ...attracted significant interest of different scientific communities. Films of PAZO were deposited by anodic electrophoretic deposition (EPD) under constant current and constant voltage conditions. The deposition kinetics was analyzed under different conditions and the deposition mechanism was discussed. New strategy was developed for the EPD of different inorganic materials and composites using PAZO as a dispersing, charging, binding and film forming agent. It was found that PAZO exhibits remarkable adsorption on various inorganic materials due to the presence of chelating salicylate ligands in its molecular structure. The salicylate ligands of PAZO monomers provide multiple adsorption sites by complexation of metal atoms on particle surfaces and allow for efficient electrosteric stabilization of particle suspensions. The remarkable performance of PAZO in its application in EPD have been exemplified by deposition of a wide variety of inorganic materials including the single element oxides (NiO, ZnO, Fe2O3) the complex oxides (Al2TiO5, BaTiO3, ZrSiO4, CoFe2O4) different nitrides (TiN, Si3N4, BN) as well as pure Ni metal and hydrotalcite clay. The use of PAZO can avoid limitation of other dispersing agents in deposition and co-deposition of different materials. Composite films were obtained using PAZO as a co-dispersant for different inorganic materials. The deposit composition, microstructure and deposition yield can be varied. The EPD method offers the advantages of simplicity, high deposition rate, and ability to deposit thin or thick films.
Aim: In this study, it was aimed to investigate and compare the effects of menstrual cycle phases on preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain scores in patients given midazolam for premedication ...before anesthesia. Methods: Septorhinoplasty, goiter surgery and laparoscopic cholecystectomy 126 female patients, aged 21-45, with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score I-II and with regular menstrual cycles, were included. Of the cases; The phase of the menstrual cycle was recorded according to the last menstrual period (SAT) and accordingly the patients were divided into 3 groups as Follicular phase, the Ovulatory phase, and the Luteal phase. Anxiety assessment was performed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI FORM TX-1) test. Anxiety scores were evaluated by performing a preoperative test 3 minutes before and 1 hour after intravenous (IV) administration of 0.02 mg/kg midazolam. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used for postoperative pain assessment. Results: Midazolam was found to decrease STAI FORM TX-1 scores the most during the ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle, but there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of VAS scores. Conclusion: It has been observed that premedication with midazolam reduces preoperative anxiety in all phases of the menstrual cycle in women of reproductive age, but is most effective in the ovulatory phase. The effect of premedication with midazolam on postoperative pain does not change according to the phases of the menstrual cycle.
虹膜颜色与视网膜神经纤维层和黄斑及脉络膜厚度关系的研究 Süleyman Demircan Ugur Yilmaz Yudum Yüce Ahmet Gülhan Erkut Kü■ük Mustafa Ata
国际眼科杂志,
2017, Letnik:
17, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
目的：明确眼虹膜颜色与眼轴长度、眼压、视网膜神经纤维层厚度（RNFL）、黄斑厚度、脉络膜厚度是否相关。方法：前瞻性横断面研究。92例（92眼）正常个体根据虹膜颜色分为深色组（DCE）和浅色组（LCE）。用标准光学相干断层扫描（OCT）分析RNFL和黄斑厚度,EDI（Electronic data ...interchange）分析脉络膜厚度。脉络膜厚度在中央凹及水平位置距离中央凹1500μm的鼻侧、颞侧进行测量。结果：92眼中,深色组62眼（67.4%）平均年龄29.22±5.86y,浅色组30眼（32.6%）平均年龄28.86±6.50y。各组间平均年龄、眼轴长度、黄斑厚度、脉络膜厚度及眼压无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。视网膜神经纤维层厚度的变化取决于测量象限,而LCE个体在全眼球,鼻侧和颞侧象限较低（P≤0.022）。结论：深色组和浅色组个体间眼内压（IOP）,黄斑厚度和脉络膜厚度无显著差异,且视网膜神经纤维层厚度较低。
Postcircumcision pain in children can cause restlessness, crying and bleeding due to trauma. However, there are various methods to prevent postoperative pain, caudal and penile blocks are in the ...foreground. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of CB and PB for the relief of postcircumcision pain. The secondary aim is to evaluate the postoperative additional analgesic requirement and side effects of these blocks.
A total of 148 children between the ages of 2 and 10 who underwent circumcision surgery were randomly assigned to two groups in terms of postoperative analgesia. 1) A group of caudal block (0,5 ml/kg %0.25 levobupivacaine) and 2) A group of penile block (0,3 ml/kg %0,25 levobupivacaine). Premedication and sedoanalgesia were standardized. The pain (FLACC Pain Score), analgesic consumption, motor block (Bromage Scale) and side effects (vomiting, hematoma, urinary retention) were assessed postoperatively for 4 hours.
Postoperative FLACC scores were lower for caudale block group in the 1st, 3rd and 4th hours. There was no significant difference in postoperative analgesic consumption between the groups. The most common postoperative side effect was vomiting in both groups.
Caudal block provided more effective analgesia than penile block in postcircumcision pain control.
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