We report on the measurements of directed flow v1 and elliptic flow v2 for hadrons (π±, K±, KS0, p, ϕ, Λ and Ξ−) from Au+Au collisions at sNN=3GeV and v2 for (π±, K±, p and p‾) at 27 and 54.4GeV with ...the STAR experiment. While at the two higher energy midcentral collisions the number-of-constituent-quark (NCQ) scaling holds, at 3GeV the v2 at midrapidity is negative for all hadrons and the NCQ scaling is absent. In addition, the v1 slopes at midrapidity for almost all observed hadrons are found to be positive, implying dominant repulsive baryonic interactions. The features of negative v2 and positive v1 slope at 3GeV can be reproduced with a baryonic mean-field in transport model calculations. These results imply that the medium in such collisions is likely characterized by baryonic interactions.
We report on the measurements of directed flow and elliptic flow $ν_{2}$ for hadrons ($π^{±}$, $Κ^{±}$, $Κ^{0}_{s}$, p, φ, Λ and $Ξ^{-}$) from Au+Au collisions at $ \sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 3 GeV and for ...($π^{±}$, $Κ^{±}$, $p$ and $\bar{p}$) at 27 and 54.4 GeV with the STAR experiment. While at the two higher energy midcentral collisions the number-of-constituent-quark (NCQ) scaling holds, at 3 GeV the at midrapidity is negative for all hadrons and the NCQ scaling is absent. In addition, the slopes at midrapidity for almost all observed hadrons are found to be positive, implying dominant repulsive baryonic interactions. The features of negative $ν_{2}$ and positive $ν_{1}$ slope at 3 GeV can be reproduced with a baryonic mean-field in transport model calculations. These results imply that the medium in such collisions is likely characterized by baryonic interactions.
The diseased gallbladder is one of the commonest specimens submitted to the surgical pathology laboratory in North India. Obesity is associated with a linear increase in gallstone formation. It has ...been observed that the plasma lipoprotein profile of patients with gallstones differs markedly from that of healthy subjects. Serum lipid profile was done by enzyme kit method. All the gallstones received were categorized morphologically and examined biochemically. The age range of 200 cases was 13 to 77 years with a mean of43.75 +/- 13.39 years. There were 171 females (85.5%) and 29 males (14.5%) with male to female ratio of 1: 5.8. The stones containing both cholesterol and bile pigments were the most common (129 cases, 84.87%); while pure cholesterol stones were seen in 23 cases (11.50%) and pigment stones were infrequent (1 case, 0.65%). On lipidogram of patients in the study group, mean serum total cholesterol was 155.50 +/- 43.03 mg/dL, mean serum triglycerides was 100.49 +/- 45.23 mg/dL, mean HDL cholesterol was 46.71 +/- 15.20 mg/dL, mean LDL cholesterol was 87.94 +/- 36.85 mg/dL and mean VLDL cholesterol was 20.84 +/- 11.97 mg/dL. Serum total cholesterol values were significantly higher in patients older than 39 years as compared to patients < or =39 years (161.44 +/- 42.32 mg/dL vs. 145.79 +/- 32.96 mg/dL, p < 0.05). But the observed mean values in both of these subgroups were within the normal range i.e. <200 mg/dL. No significant difference was observed in the mean serum triglyceride values between male and female patients. The findings of this study did not indicate any role of serum lipid profile in the formation of gallstones. However the higher mean values of serum total cholesterol and serum triglycerides in patients older than 39 years of age may be explained by increasing age.
The effect of the primary knock-on atom (PKA) spectrum in radiation damage and the subsequent defect structure formation and their impact in deuterium (D) trapping has been investigated using ...computer simulations and surrogate ion irradiation experiments. The neutron spectrum for an 'ITER-like' divertor shape and parameters has been generated using ATTILA and SPECTER codes to identify the relevant PKA energies. It has been observed that 10 MeV boron (B) produces a PKA spectrum similar to that obtained from a reactor-like neutron spectrum. Experiments have been carried out with ions of gold (Au), B, helium (He) and D with energies ranging from 0.1 MeV-80 MeV for a fluence range of ions m−2- ions m−2, and distinctly different PKA spectra have been produced. While 80 MeV Au ions produced dense and small clusters of interstitial defects (<10 nm), B produced large dislocation loops up to 60 nm in size. At room temperature, the imprint of the cascade is well captured by the vacancies due to their low mobility, and the vacancy defects observed in Au and B irradiation showed significant differences. Molecular dynamics simulations show that at PKA energies exceeding 150 keV, the fragmentation of the cascades takes place, which tends to limit the size of individual defects in the case of 80 MeV Au irradiation. A mechanism based on the competitive capture of mobile interstitials has been proposed to explain the observed large dislocation loops as well as dislocation lines in different irradiation experiments.
The chiral magnetic effect (CME) is predicted to occur as a consequence of a local violation of P and CP symmetries of the strong interaction amidst a strong electromagnetic field generated in ...relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Experimental manifestation of the CME involves a separation of positively and negatively charged hadrons along the direction of the magnetic field. Previous measurements of the CME-sensitive charge-separation observables remain inconclusive because of large background contributions. To better control the influence of signal and backgrounds, the STAR Collaboration performed a blind analysis of a large data sample of approximately 3.8 billion isobar collisions of $^{96}_{44}$Ru + $^{96}_{44}$Ru and $^{96}_{40}$Zr + $^{96}_{40}$Zr at √sNN = 200 GeV. Prior to the blind analysis, the CME signatures are predefined as a significant excess of the CME-sensitive observables in Ru+Ru collisions over those in Zr + Zr collisions, owing to a larger magnetic field in the former. A precision down to 0.4% is achieved, as anticipated, in the relative magnitudes of the pertinent observables between the two isobar systems. Observed differences in the multiplicity and flow harmonics at the matching centrality indicate that the magnitude of the CME background is different between the two species. Furthermore, no CME signature that satisfies the predefined criteria has been observed in isobar collisions in this blind analysis.
Global hyperon polarization, $\bar{P}_H$, in Au+Au collisions over a large range of collision energy, $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$, has recently been measured and successfully reproduced by hydrodynamic and ...transport models with intense fluid vorticity of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). While naïve extrapolation of data trends suggests a large $\bar{P}_H$ as the collision energy is reduced, the behavior of $\bar{P}_H$ at small $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ < 7.7 GeV is unknown. Operating the STAR experiment in fixed-target mode, we have measured the polarization of Λ hyperons along the direction of global angular momentum in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 3 GeV. The observation of substantial polarization of 4.91±0.81(stat.)±0.15(syst.)% in these collisions may require a reexamination of the viscosity of any fluid created in the collision, the thermalization timescale of rotational modes, and of hadronic mechanisms to produce global polarization.
Central venous catheterization is one of the very essential tool of modern intensive care. Apart from monitoring the critically ill patient, it helps in administration of antibiotics, parenteral ...nutrition, chemotherapy, fluids and drug delivery. Peripheral inserted central catheter (PICC) by surgically isolating basilic vein or venous cut down, is considered one of the safe technique to access central veins. The advantage of this procedure is that traumatic complications like pneumothorax, hemothorax and arterial puncture are less as compared to directly placing central catheters. Malposition (intracaval or extracaval) is one of the commonly encountered complication associated with central venous catheterization. Extracaval is rarely encountered and there are isolated case reports in the literature where catheter tip is found outside the central vein into the surrounding structures. Knowledge of such complications is important else these remain unrecognized resulting in delayed treatment and poor outcome. Here, we report a unique case, wherein tip of infant feeding tube inserted from basilic vein was found in anterior mediastinum resulting bilateral hemothorax and pleural effusion.
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