A phenomenon called thermal inversion, in which there is the accumulation of colder and denser air in the layers closer to the soil, occurs in radiative frost nights, resulting in a temperature ...gradient with differences between the meteorological screen and grass, which vary depending on cooling conditions. Knowing this temperature difference assists in taking preventive measures against radiative frosts, as well as in estimating the probability of their occurrences. In this context, this study aimed to verify the adjustment of different probability distributions to determine the differences between the minimum temperature measured in the meteorological screen and grass temperature below 0 °C for eight regions of the Paraná State, as well as the probability of occurring these differences and adjust estimation equations of grass temperature from minimum air temperature. Temperature differences between the screen and grass were calculated and probability distributions of their occurrences were adjusted in order to determine risks per intervals of temperature differences. Estimation equations of grass temperature were adjusted from minimum screen temperatures. Average gradients of minimum temperature were observed between the screen and grass ranging from 4.2 to 6.3 °C in the analyzed regions. The average temperature difference measured in the meteorological screen and grass for the Paraná State was 5 °C. The probabilistic model of normal distribution is the most suitable for determining the probability of occurring the differences between the screen and grass temperatures for the Paraná State. Regional relief and climate conditions influence the magnitude of the minimum temperature gradient measured in the meteorological screen and grass. Estimation equations can be useful to determine the grass temperature based on the minimum air temperature for periods in which there is no such data and thus provide a subsidy for studies of risk analysis of frosts. The results of this analysis are empirical and the equations should be used in regions in which they were adjusted aiming at a higher accuracy.
Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar a cultura corporal presente no currículo do Curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC). Para atingir tal objetivo, ...dialogou-se com autores como Daolio, Neira e Silva, no que concerne à cultura corporal presente no currículo de formação do educador físico e na sua prática. Dessa forma, os percursos percorridos permitiram a formulação dos questionamentos que serviram de ponto de partida para a presente investigação: como a cultura corporal se faz presente na estrutura curricular do Curso de Licenciatura em Educação física da Universidade Federal do Ceará? Nesse contexto, foram investigadas a concepção de corpo e as práticas pedagógicas presentes nos currículos do curso de licenciatura em educação física da Universidade Federal do Ceará. Para tanto, utilizou-se a abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa de caráter exploratório. A pesquisa exploratória objetiva, principalmente, o desenvolvimento, o esclarecimento e a modificação de conceitos e ideias, bem como a formulação de problemas mais bem definidos ou pressupostos pesquisáveis para estudos futuros. Os resultados deste estudo apontam para a construção de uma nova cultura corporal que leva os pedagogos, professores e gestores a repensarem a prática pedagógica que vem sendo desenvolvida no curso de educação física. Isso significa levar em conta não apenas os aspectos instrumentais do processo de ensino-aprendizagem, mas, também, de que forma a subjetividade dos alunos se processa. Assim, a relação professor-aluno poderá ser trabalhada a partir do aprofundamento de temas que venham a esclarecer as possíveis limitações ou erros.
O alto astigmatismo representa um desafio para o cirurgião refrativo devido à limitação da tecnologia atualmente disponível. A correção com excimer laser deve ser considerada uma opção no arsenal ...terapêutico disponível. Apresentamos um paciente com astigmatismo superior a 8 dioptrias que realizaou um tratamento com a técnica LASIK (Laser Assisted in Situ Keratomileusis) em dois tempos cirúrgicos, utilizando uma nova geração de excimer laser com perfil asférico otimizado.
BackgroundStudies have shown high levels of distress and mental disorder amongpeople living in refugee camps, yet none has confirmed diagnosis throughclinical reappraisal.AimsTo estimate the ...prevalence of mental disorders, related disability andtreatment gap in adult refugees living in the Burj el-Barajneh camp.MethodRandomly selected participants were screened by household representative(n = 748) and individual (n = 315)interviews; clinical reappraisal was performed on a subset(n = 194) of 326 selected participants. Weightedprevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.ResultsThe prevalence of current mental disorders was 19.4% (95% CI 12.6–26.2);depression was the most common diagnosis (8.3%, 95% CI 4.4–12.2) andmultiple diagnoses were common (42%) among the 88 persons with mentaldisorder. Lifetime prevalence of psychosis was 3.3% (95% CI 1.0–5.5).Mental disorders were associated with moderate to severe dysfunction(odds ratio = 8.8, 95% CI 4.5–17.4). The treatment gap was 96% (95% CI92–100).ConclusionsA range of mental disorders and associated disability are common in thislong-term refugee setting. Combined with an important treatment gap,findings support the current consensus-based policy to prioritiseavailability of mental health treatment in refugee camps, especially forthe most severe and disabling conditions.
O texto em tela apresenta uma revisão conceitual sobre a interdisciplinaridade a partir do enfoque educacional. Abordaremos, entre outros pontos, sua gênese e os principais marcos temporais que ...somaram para o desenvolvimento do seu conceito na área de Educação. Entendemos a interdisciplinaridade como um processo de construção do conhecimento em íntima relação com os problemas e contornos políticos, culturais, econômicos, ambientais, sociais, éticos, entre outros, constituintes da sociedade. Do ponto de vista prático, ela se faz na Educação no movimento (inter) permanente do currículo, das ações educativas, das atitudes e práticas com/nas disciplinas. Nessa prerrogativa, pode ser entendida, ainda, como um ato de reciprocidade, interação e troca do sujeito com o conhecimento, se desenvolvendo, dessa forma, em “atos de aprendizagem”.
Milkfish has not been implicated in histamine poisoning in the past but it was detected in smoked deboned milkfish collected from a local smoke fish producer. Histamine could have likely formed prior ...to smoke processing, where the fresh deboned milkfish could have been exposed to temperature abuse. The study evaluated the histamine accumulation and microbiological quality of deboned milkfish exposed to ambient conditions. Results revealed that initial histamine content (1.26±0.50 mg histamine 100 g-1 fish flesh) increased to 8.25±1.87 mg 100 g-1 on the 6th h, level beyond the allowable maximum limit (5 mg 100 g-1) to be considered safe. Potentially hazardous levels were present (58.8±10.67 to 111.9±11.73 mg 100 g1) on the 8th-12th h. Total viable count (TVC) and histamine-forming bacteria (HFB) generally increased through time, as influenced by temperature. Initial total viable count (3.94 log cfu/g) significantly increased to 5.53 (log cfu) on the 4th h, the maximum acceptable microbiological limit in food, while the initial HFB count of 1.80±0.68 (log cfu) increased to 5.70±0.11 (log cfu) on the 12th h. The study showed that histamine developed in deboned milkfish beyond the safe levels when exposed to ambient temperature for more than four (4) h and may pose health risks to consumers.
Disease outbreaks are constraints to aquaculture production and immunostimulants from seaweeds have gained increasing attention as a measure towards disease prevention. This study aimed to evaluate ...the effect of ulvan on the immune responses of Litopenaeus vannamei and Penaeus monodon, specifically on total haemocyte count, respiratory burst activity, and phenoloxidase activity. Shrimps (3-5 g) were fed with diets containing various levels of ulvan (0.00%, control; 0.05%; 0.10%; and 0.15% kg-1 diet) for 21 days. Hemolymph was extracted and used to measure total haemocyte count, respiratory burst activity and phenoloxidase activity. Immune response indices were significantly enhanced in shrimps fed ulvan-incorporated diets than did those fed with the control diet. Estimated optimum dietary ulvan level by the quadratic model was 0.21% for L. vannamei and 0.15% for P. monodon. Results of the present study indicated that ulvan was an effective immunostimulant for L. vannamei and P. monodon.
El estudio se realizó en las instalaciones del Centro de Investigaciones Fernando Alcántara Bocanegra (CIFAB) del Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Iquitos; con el objetivo ...de conocer el comportamiento parasitario de Dolops discoidalis (Bouvier, 1899) (Crustacea: Branchiura) en tres especies de peces. El muestreo se realizó durante los meses de noviembre y diciembre del 2018. Para este estudio se extrajeron individuos de esta especie de parásitos de la superficie corporal de ejemplares adultos de Pseudoplatystoma punctifer (Castelnau, 1855), criados en cautiverio en las instalaciones del CIFAB. Los parásitos colectados fueron llevados al Laboratorio de Parasitología y Sanidad Acuícola del IIAP para ejecutar dos experimentos relacionados al comportamiento parasitario de D. discoidalis en tres especies de peces: P. punctifer, Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1816) y Brochis multiradiatus (Orcés V., 1960). El experimento I consistió en colocar un ejemplar de cada especie de pez en un acuario de vidrio (4 réplicas) y distribuir 18 ejemplares de D. discoidalis por unidad experimental con la finalidad de determinar el comportamiento parasitario de esta especie. Para el experimento II, se colocaron dos ejemplares de C. macropomum en dos acuarios diferentes y cuatro ejemplares de B. multiradiatus en un acuario, con 11 parásitos en cada una de las unidades experimentales. Los resultados del experimento I mostraron a todos los individuos de D. discoidalis parasitando únicamente a P. punctifer, revelando una marcada afinidad por esta especie de pez. En el experimento II se observó que el parásito D. discoidalis ante la ausencia de P. punctifer, es capaz de parasitar a ejemplares de C. macropomum y B. multiradiatus detectando entre uno a dos parásitos por pez parasitado, revelando muy baja afinidad. Se recomienda realizar estudios histológicos para determinar el grado de daño que causa este parasito en los peces, principalmente en P. punctifer, especie que mostró alta susceptibilidad ante D. discoidalis.
To evaluate the clinical response and fibrovascular ingrowth into perforated acrylic orbital implants in a rabbit model.
Perforated implants were manufactured by drilling channels interconnected at ...the center in conventional 12- to 13-mm acrylic spheres. The implants were placed in 16 eviscerated eyes with posterior sclerotomy of 16 New Zealand white rabbits. Clinical evaluation was performed daily for the first 14 days after surgery and at 7-day intervals until the end of the study (180 days). Histopathologic analysis was performed at 14, 45, 90, and 180 days after implantation. Hematoxylin-eosin and picrosirius red staining was used to assess the inflammatory reaction and collagen formation.
There were no signs of infection, implant exposure, or extrusion in any animal during the study. Tissue ingrowth in the implant center was already detected by 14 days. At the end of the study, there was a dense collagen ingrowth with just a few inflammatory cells inside the implant. No multinucleated giant cells were found in any implant.
Similar to porous implants, perforated acrylic implants permit fibrovascular ingrowth from surrounding orbital tissues.
Shrimp aquaculture is a recent development of the Brazilian agribusiness but has increased by about 20% per year during the last decade along the semi-arid NE coast due to the optimal climate and ...environmental setting. The activity has been blamed to cause several environmental impacts mostly associated with the emission of large amounts of N and P to estuaries. Here we estimate, using an emission factor approach, the annual emissions of N and P from intensive shrimp farming and other anthropogenic sources and natural processes to six estuaries along the coast of Rio Grande do Norte State, NE Brazil, where about 40% of the shrimp farming area of the country is located. Emission factors for natural sources (atmospheric deposition and soil runoff) are 1 to 2 orders of magnitude lower than those from anthropogenic sources. Shrimp farming presents the largest average emission factors for N (1.9 t km
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2
yr
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), followed by agriculture (1.3 t km
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) and husbandry (0.7 t km
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). For P, largest average emission factors are from husbandry (0.9 t km
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yr
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) and agriculture (0.34 t km
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yr
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), although shrimp farming also presents a significant emission factor per unit of area for P (0.23 t km
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2
yr
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1
). Wastewaters and solid waste disposal and urban runoff present much lower emission factors per unit of area, due to the low level of urbanization and small population of the basins. Anthropogenic emissions of N and P are 20 to 50 times higher than natural emissions. Agriculture contributes with the larger fraction (40% to 63%) of the total annual N load to three of the rivers, whereas P emissions are dominated by husbandry (64% to 74%). Wastewaters contribute with significant loads of N and P to the more populated basin only (35% and 11%, for N and P, respectively). Urban runoff is practically negligible in all basins, (less than 5% of the total emission), with the exception of Guamaré basin where 22% of the N emission come from this source. Aquaculture is the most important source of N to the Açu basin (58%), where the largest pond surface is observed. In the other basins N contribution from aquaculture ranges from 2% to 22%. Aquaculture contribution to the total P emission is small in all basins, varying from 2% to 14%. Notwithstanding the small area covered by shrimp farms relative to agriculture or husbandry, the location of farms adjacent to estuarine areas makes possible direct inputs to estuarine waters, while most other emissions go firstly to soils before eventually being transported to surface waters. In general, hydrochemical proxies of nutrient loads were consistent with the estimated loads.