Summary
The study was performed to determine factors affecting successful sperm retrieval by testicular sperm extraction in patients with nonmosaic Klinefelter’s syndrome (KS). From May 2001 to ...February 2007, 27 azoospermic patients were diagnosed as having nonmosaic KS. All patients underwent sperm testicular extraction. Patient’s age, testicular volume, serum follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) and inhibin B were assessed as predictive factors for successful sperm recovery. Of the 27 Klinefelter’s patients examined, eight (29.6%) had successful sperm recovery. The comparisons of serum FSH, inhibin B and testicular volume between patients with and without successful sperm retrieval did not show any statistical significance. The patients with successful sperm recovery were significantly younger (28.6 ± 3.11 years) than those with failed attempts (33.9 ± 4.5 years, P = 0.002). The rate of positive sperm retrieval was significantly higher in patients younger than 32 years compared with patients older than 32 years (P = 0.01, chi‐squared test). The study showed that clinical parameters such as FSH, inhibin B and testicular volume do not have predictive value for sperm recovery in patients with KS. The mean age of our patients with successful sperm recovery was significantly lower than that of men with unsuccessful results. Testicular sperm extraction or testicular sperm aspiration should be performed before the critical age of 32 years.
The Hermes experiment has investigated the tensor spin structure of the deuteron using the 27.6 GeV/c positron beam of DESY HERA. The use of a tensor-polarized deuteron gas target with only a ...negligible residual vector polarization enabled the first measurement of the tensor asymmetry A{sub zz}{sup d} and the tensor structure function b{sub 1}{sup d} for average values of the Bjorken variable 0.01< <0.45 and of the negative of the squared four-momentum transfer 0.5 GeV{sup 2}<<Q{sup 2}><5 GeV{sup 2}. The quantities A{sub zz}{sup d} and b{sub 1}{sup d} are found to be nonzero. The rise of b{sub 1}{sup d} for decreasing values of x can be interpreted to originate from the same mechanism that leads to nuclear shadowing in unpolarized scattering.
Scientific and methodological aspects of the development of oil and gas fields at the use of hydraulic fracturing have been considered. The causes of unsatisfactory results at hydraulic fracturing, ...and also factors to be taken into account when choosing a well and a bed for hydraulic fracturing have been analyzed. It has been established that geological factors (in-place permeability, skin-factor, bed formation pressure, bed formation lithology, thickness, mechanical reservoir characteristics etc.) at hydraulic fracturing planning have a main impact on the hydraulic fracturing efficiency, and the errors introduced at the study of these factors are predetermined either by the insufficient study of collecting and host properties of the bed formation, or by the insufficient study of a trap.
A
bstract
A comprehensive set of azimuthal single-spin and double-spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive leptoproduction of pions, charged kaons, protons, and antiprotons from transversely polarized ...protons is presented. These asymmetries include the previously published HERMES results on Collins and Sivers asymmetries, the analysis of which has been extended to include protons and antiprotons and also to an extraction in a three-dimensional kinematic binning and enlarged phase space. They are complemented by corresponding results for the remaining four single-spin and four double-spin asymmetries allowed in the one-photon-exchange approximation of the semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering process for target-polarization orientation perpendicular to the direction of the incoming lepton beam. Among those results, significant non-vanishing cos (
ϕ−ϕ
S
) modulations provide evidence for a sizable worm-gear (II) distribution,
g
1
T
q
x
p
T
2
. Most of the other modulations are found to be consistent with zero with the notable exception of large sin (
ϕ
S
) modulations for charged pions and
K
+
.
Single-spin asymmetries for pions and charged kaons are measured in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering of positrons and electrons off a transversely nuclear-polarized hydrogen target. The ...dependence of the cross section on the azimuthal angles of the target polarization (ϕS) and the produced hadron (ϕ) is found to have a substantial sin(ϕ+ϕS) modulation for the production of π+, π− and K+. This Fourier component can be interpreted in terms of non-zero transversity distribution functions and non-zero favored and disfavored Collins fragmentation functions with opposite sign. For π0 and K− production the amplitude of this Fourier component is consistent with zero.
It is carried out a comparison between the experimental data of the YerPhI-KhPhTI-SLAC collaboration on radiation of 6 and 10GeV positrons channeled in the (110) crystallographic planes of diamond ...with thicknesses 600 and 84μm, correspondingly, and theory taking into account the medium polarization. It is shown that the theory with medium polarization describes the experimental results better than other theories without medium polarization.
Single-spin asymmetries for semi-inclusive electroproduction of charged pions in deep-inelastic scattering of positrons are measured for the first time with transverse target polarization. The ...asymmetry depends on the azimuthal angles of both the pion (phi) and the target spin axis (phi(S)) about the virtual-photon direction and relative to the lepton scattering plane. The extracted Fourier component sin((phi+phi(S))(pi)(UT) is a signal of the previously unmeasured quark transversity distribution, in conjunction with the Collins fragmentation function, also unknown. The component sin((phi-phi(S)(pi)(UT) arises from a correlation between the transverse polarization of the target nucleon and the intrinsic transverse momentum of quarks, as represented by the previously unmeasured Sivers distribution function. Evidence for both signals is observed, but the Sivers asymmetry may be affected by exclusive vector meson production.
A
bstract
Beam-helicity and beam-charge asymmetries in the hard exclusive leptoproduction of real photons from an unpolarised hydrogen target by a 27.6 GeV lepton beam are extracted from the H
ermes
...data set of 2006-2007 using a missing-mass event selection technique. The asymmetry amplitudes extracted from this data set are more precise than those extracted from the earlier data set of 1996-2005 previously analysed in the same manner by H
ermes
. The results from the two data sets are compatible with each other. Results from these combined data sets are extracted and constitute the most precise asymmetry amplitude measurements made in the H
ermes
kinematic region using a missing-mass event selection technique.
Double-spin asymmetries in exclusive electroproduction of real photons from a transversely polarized hydrogen target are measured with respect to the product of target polarization with beam helicity ...and beam charge, and with respect to the product of target polarization with beam helicity alone. The asymmetries arise from the deeply virtual Compton scattering process and its interference with the Bethe–Heitler process. They are related to the real part of the same combination of Compton form factors as that determining the previously published transverse target single-spin asymmetries through the imaginary part. The results for the double-spin asymmetries are found to be compatible with zero within the uncertainties of the measurement, and are not incompatible with the predictions of the only available GPD-based calculation.
To determine the diagnostic value of ultrasonography and its capabilities in evaluating the involvement of abdominal organs and peripheral lymph nodes, in analyzing the morphological subtypes in ...lymphomas, in choose the lymph node that is most informative for a histological study.
193 patients with lymphomas, including 85 (44%) with lymphogranulomatosis and 108 (56%) with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas who had been treated at the clinical units of the Prof. R.O. Eolyan Hematology Center, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Armenia, in 2006-2009 were examined. Their ultrasound examination was made using Aloka SSD500 apparatuses with 3.5--and 5.0 MHz convex transducers, a Medison SA6000 probe with a 7.0 MHz C3-7ED linear transducer and a 3.5 MHz HL5-9ED convex transducer, an Acuson probe with a 7.0 MHz linear transducer and a 3.5 MHz convex transducer, by applying polyposition gray-scale scanning (B mode) and real-time color Doppler flow mapping.
The patients with lymphomas were clinically characterized; data on the nature and extent of the involvements of different anatomic groups of lymph nodes, organs, and systems (spleen, liver, thyroid, etc.) are given.
B-mode ultrasonography is an essential component of a comprehensive diagnostic examination in patients with lymphomas. It is important to detect primary lesion foci and to estimate their distribution and extent in the nodal and extranodal organs and systems, mediastinum in the ultrasound diagnosis of lymphomas.
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