Biofuels are fuels of biological origin, and they are among the prominent energy sources from renewable energy sources in recent years. Unlike fuels such as petroleum derivatives, coal, natural gas, ...biofuels are renewable and sustainable energy sources. Biofuels can be obtained by thermochemical or biochemical methods from agricultural and forestry products, animal and vegetable residues and wastes, organic origin domestic, industrial and urban wastes. Global warming caused by greenhouse gas effect is today shown as the most important common environmental problem in the world. The most important advantage of using biofuels in environmental terms is that there will be a reduction of greenhouse gas impact and acid rain. In this study, it is aimed to produce and characterize jet fuel by converting from pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) seed oil, which is a sustainable bio energy source, into biofuel, by transesterification method. It has an important place in matters such as environment, sustainability, and reduction of carbon emissions. Biojet fuel produced using pumpkin seed oil, which is a sustainable resource, is a candidate product for development and commercialization.
This paper presents anti-urease and antibacterial activities of chloropheniramine maleat, paracetamol and
clarithromycine. Antibacterial activity of the compounds was investigated against Salmonella ...enterica,
Enterobacter aerogenes, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus vulgaris, Gordonia rubripertincta, Klebsiella pneumoniae and
Enterococcus faecalis. Moreover, anti-urease activity of the compounds was searched. All tested compounds
demonstrated antibacterial action with varying degree except for chloropheniramine maleat. Chloropheniramine
maleat, paracetamol and chlarithromycine exhibited higher activity than thiourea. The data obtained from the
study, chloropheniramine maleate, paracetamol and clarithromycin are thought to be useful as new urease
inhibitors and the present study should be supported by further studies. Furthermore, it is thought that paracetamol
has antibacterial properties and therefore can be used as an alternative to antibiotics
Bu çalışmada klorofeniramin maleat, parasetamol ve klaritromisin’in antibakteriyal ve anti-üreaz aktiviteleri ile
ilgilenmektedir. Maddelerin antibakteriyal aktiviteleri Salmonella enterica, Enterobacter aerogenes, Bacillus
subtilis, Proteus vulgaris, Gordonia rubripertincta, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus megaterium ve Enterococcus
faecalis’e karşı araştırıldı. Bu maddelerin anti-üreaz aktiviteleri de incelendi. Klorofeniramin maleat dışında, test
edilen tüm bileşikler değişik oranlarda antibakteriyal etki gösterdi. Klorofeniramin maleat, parasetamol ve
klaritromisin tiyoüreden daha yüksek aktivite gösterdi. Çalışmadan elde edilen veriler, klorofeniramin maleat,
parasetamol ve klaritromisin yeni üreaz inhibitörü olarak kullanılabileceğini düşünülmüş olup mevcut çalışma
daha ileri çalışmalar ile de desteklenmelidir. Ayrıca, parasetamolün antibakteriyel özelliklere sahip olduğu ve bu
nedenle antibiyotiklere alternatif olarak kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir.
The use of petroleum-based fuels in air transport and the increase in oil prices over the years have increased fuel costs. Due to this increase, fuel manufacturers and airline companies have started ...to search for alternative fuels. Since aviation has an important place in the transportation sector, biomass has the greatest potential in the search for renewable energy sources. Biological substances of plant and animal origin and containing carbon compounds are energy sources, and the fuels produced from them are called biofuels. Biofuels are an important source of sustainable energy, which greatly reduces the greenhouse gas effect, improves weather conditions, reduces dependence on oil produced from fossil fuels, and is important for new markets. The nettle seed oil used in the current study was purchased from the local market and was obtained using the cold-pressing method at low temperatures. After the completion of the transesterification process, a two-phase mixture consisting of biofuel-glycerin was obtained, and the upper phase containing fatty acids was taken and transferred to a clean tube. After the final washing processes, bio jet fuel was obtained by adding chemicals at certain rates. The analysis of the obtained fuel was conducted at the Tubitak Marmara Research Centre. When the report was evaluated and compared with international standards, consistent results were obtained. It can be predicted that sustainable fuels can replace fossil fuels in the future.
The aim of the actual study is to evaluate antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials, total phenolic contents of thyme (Thymus sp.), myrtle (Myrtus communis L.), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus L.) ...and rosemary herbal waters (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). They were bought a retailer in Giresun. In the studies, it was determined that only thyme water exhibited antimicrobial activity in all herbal waters. Streptomycine, tetracycline and nystatin which were synthetic antimicrobials demonstrated higher activity than studied herbal waters. Moreover; total flavonoid contents of the tested waters ranges from 50.19+0.0038 µL CE/mL to 126.15+0.004 µL CE/mL. The highest and the lowest total phenolic contents were detected in the thyme water and the eucalyptus water as 688.18+0.009 µL GAE/mL and 24.54+0.0008 µL GAE/mL, respectively. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of the herbal waters exhibited a dose dependent manner and increased with increasing conentrations. As a result of this study, it was concluded that thyme water could be an alternative to synthetic antimicrobial agents and thyme water, myrtle water, eucalyptus water and rosemary waters might be an alternative to synthetic antioxidative agents. Hence, further and detailed investigations are needed to determine active constituents in the herbal waters.
The current study attempts to investigate the distribution of ascidian species collected from eight stations located along the eastern coasts of Aegean Sea, Turkey. For this purpose, field studies ...were conducted in July 2016. This study revealed the occurrence of ascidian species belonging to 7 families and 12 genera. The invasive species Polyclinum constellatum Savigny, 1816 is reported for the first time from Turkish waters and for the second time in the Mediterranean Sea. Furthermore, Symplegma brakenhielmi (Michaelsen, 1904) is found as a new record for the Turkish Aegean Sea fauna. Knowledge about the ascidian diversity of the Turkish Seas is still incomplete and large-scale surveys, additional taxonomic and molecular studies are needed.
Background
In this study, our aim was to investigate the role of cardiac biomarkers in predicting the presence of significant coronary artery disease in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients.
...Methods
The study population was composed of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients who underwent coronary angiography at a single center between June 2021 and March 2023, and whose cardiac biomarkers were evaluated before the procedure. HCM patients were screened retrospectively. Significant CAD was defined as > 50% stenosis of the left main coronary artery or > 70% stenosis in a major coronary vessel. Demographic, echocardiographic and cardiac biomarker values were compared between the two groups.
Results
A total of 123 patients were evaluated. Significant CAD was detected in 39 (31.7%) patients. Patients with significant CAD had higher CK-MB values than those without CAD 2.8 (2.1–4.0) vs. 3.4 (2.8–4.6), p = 0.036, and a higher level of high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT) than those without CAD (24 vs. 17.8, p = 0.022). the NT-proBNP/hs-TnT ratio was found to be significantly lower in patients with CAD than in those with CAD (31.4 vs. 21.4, p = 0.019). In multivariate anaylsis, NT-proBNP/hs-TnT was determined as an independent predictor for significant CAD. In ROC analysis, NT-proBNP/hs-TnT ratio lower than the cut-off value of 30.7 could detect the presence of significant CAD with 76.9% sensitivity and 53.6% specificity (AUC: 0.632, 95% CI: 0.528–0.736, p = 0.019).
Conclusion
To sum up, we suggest that cardiac biomarkers were valuable and simple parameters in terms of significant CAD in HCM patients.
Antidepressants are drugs commonly used in clinical settings. However, there are very limited studies on the effects of these drugs on the gut microbiota. Herein, we evaluated the effect of ...reboxetine (RBX), a selective norepinephrine (noradrenaline) reuptake inhibitor (NRI), on gut microbiota in both diabetic and non-diabetic rats. This is the first report of relation between reboxetine use and the gut microbiota to our knowledge. In this study, type-1 diabetes induced by using streptozotocin (STZ) and RBX was administered to diabetic rats and healthy controls for 14 days. At the end of the treatment, stool samples were collected. Following DNA extraction, amplicon libraries for the V3-V4 region were prepared and sequenced with the Illumina Miseq platform. QIIME was used for preprocessing and analysis of the data. As a result, RBX had a significant effect on gut microbiota structure and composition in diabetic and healthy rats. For example, RBX exposure had a pronounced microbial signature in both groups, with a low Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and low Lactobacillus levels. While another abundance phylum after exposure to RBX was Proteabacteria, other notable taxa in the diabetic group included Flavobacterium, Desulfovibrionaceae, Helicobacteriaceae, Campylobacterales, and Pasteurellacae when compared to the untreated group.
Purpose: The present study sought to investigate the association between Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging parameters including late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), total left ventricular mass ...(TLVM), mitral regurgitation, and left atrial (LA) volume, with atrial fibrillation (AF) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). patients.
Materials and Methods: Consecutive 122 patients with the diagnosis of HCM and together with having 48-hour Holter monitoring were included in the present work. Two experienced observers evaluated all CMR images. The correlation between AF and CMR parameters including TLVM, LA volume, the presence and extent of LGE, mitral regurgitation, and the maximum left ventricular thickness were evaluated.
Results: Between the LA volume and AF, a significant correlation was observed. Additionally, TLVM was also associated with AF. The logistic multivariate analysis assessing TLVM, LA volume, and the extent of LGE revealed that only the left atrial volume was the independent predictor. Significant correlations were observed between the existence and extent of LGE, TLVM, mitral regurgitation and LA volume.
Conclusion: The presence of LGE was positively correlated with LA volume. LA volume appears to be the most important independent predictor of AF in HCM patients.
Amaç:, Bu çalışmada Hipertrofik kardiyomiyopati (HKMP) hastalarında geç kontrast tututulmu (GKT), toplam sol ventrikül kütlesi (TSVK), mitral yetersizlik ve sol atriyum (SA) hacmi dahil olmak üzere Kardiyak manyetik rezonans (KMR) görüntüleme parametreleri ile atriyal fibrilasyon (AF) arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmayı amaçladık.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya HKMP tanısı alan, KMR çekimi yapılmış ve 48 saatlik Holter monitorizasyonu olan ardışık 122 hasta dahil edilmiştir. KMR tecrübesine sahip Radyoloji ve Kardiyoloji uzman hekimleri tarafından KMR görüntüleri değerlendirilmiştir. TSVK, SA hacmi, GKT varlığı ve yaygınlığı, mitral yetersizliği ve maksimum sol ventrikül kalınlığını içeren KMR parametreleri ile AF arasındaki korelasyon değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: SA hacmi ve AF arasında anlamlı bir korelasyon gözlendi. Ek olarak TSVK, AF ile ilişkili bulundu. TSVK, SA hacmi ve GKT'nin kapsamını değerlendiren lojistik çok değişkenli analiz, yalnızca sol atriyal hacmin bağımsız öngörücü olduğunu ortaya koydu. GKT, TSVK, mitral yetersizlik ve SA hacminin varlığı ve yaygınlığı arasında anlamlı korelasyonlar gözlendi.
Sonuç: GKT'nin varlığı, SA hacmi ile pozitif korelasyon gösterdi. SA hacmi, HKMP hastalarında AF'nin en önemli bağımsız belirleyicisi gibi görünmektedir.
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