An empirical study of the demand for fertilizers in Pakistan
is important for at least two reasons. First, we can identify the
various factors responsible for the determination of demand. This will
...obviously depend to a large extent on the arguments we include in the
demand function and the mathematical specification of the model.
Nevertheless, one can obtain a rough idea of the importance of the
various factors in the total demand for fertilizers. Second, a study of
the demand side will enable us to obtain some estimates of the price
elasticity of demand. Knowledge of price elasticity is extremely
essential from the government policy point of view because the sale of
fertilizers in Pakistan has been subsidized, and it is, therefore,
essential to know the degree of respon-siveness of fertilizer demand to
price changes. Despite the crucial importance for policy measures,
hardly any econome¬tric study of the demand for fertilizers has been
carried out in Pakistan. To the best of my knowledge, P.L. Leonard 5
is the only one who has attempted to carry out such a study for
Pakistan. The aim of this paper is, therefore, to quantify the degree of
importance of the various factors in the fertilizer demand of Pakistan.
Water Management in the Maghreb Ayub, Mahmood Ali; Kuffner, Ulrich
Finance & development,
06/1994, Letnik:
31, Številka:
2
Magazine Article
During the past few decades, the Maghreb countries - Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia - have invested heavily in water development works to tackle the serious problems imposed by an arid/semiarid ...climate with highly variable and irregular rainfall and limited water resources. From 1970 to 1990, the irrigated area increased by almost 80%, and nearly all urban dwellers in the Maghreb countries gained access to safe drinking water. The improved water infrastructure has stimulated economic growth and reduced somewhat the damaging effects of droughts. But these North African countries are entering a critical phase. At current demand levels, available water resources will be almost completely used up within the next 15 to 20 years. It is becming clear that governments must moves away from the traditional supply-oriented, agency-specific policies of water management. The best hope lies in a comprehensive approach that focuses on managing demand.
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