This study was performed to establish anti-diabetic and anti-oxidant properties, and to carry out phytochemical analysis of selected local plants which are traditionally used as medicinal plants. ...Local plants involved in this study were Lawsonia inermis, Punica granatum, Dryobalanops aromatica, Ziziphus mauritiana, and Ocimum basilicum. Solvent extraction was performed using maceration method with solvents of increasing polarity. Alpha-glucosidase inhibition assay was performed on all extracts to ascertain their anti-diabetic potentials. The extracts were screened for antioxidant activity using anti-oxidant assays (FRAP, DPPH, TAOC, ABTS, and BCB) and quantitative phytochemical analyses (TPC and TFC). Chemical profiling using LCMS and GCMS was performed on extracts with high biological activities. Methanol extracts of D. aromatica bark and leaves showed the most potent inhibition of alpha-glucosidase with IC50 values of 0.63 ± 0.03 µg/mL and 0.98 ± 0.02 µg/mL, respectively. Both extracts exhibited similar anti-oxidant activity on all five assays and possessed high phenolic contents with values of 266.79 and 261.69 GAE, respectively. The results obtained suggested that amongst the selected plants studied, D. aromatica showed high anti-oxidant activity and anti-diabetic activity (via inhibition of alpha-glucosidase). This is the first report that highlights the anti-diabetic potential of D. aromatica.
Phytochemical investigation on the bark of E. kingiana plant afforded ten compounds, including six polyketides namely kingianin A 1, kingianin B 2, kingianin E 3, kingianin F 4, kingianin K 5 and ...kingianin L 6, three endiandric acids; kingianic acid A 7, tsangibeilin B 8 and endiandric acid M 9, and one sesquiterpene; daibuoxide 10. All compounds were separated as racemic mixture by recycling high-performance liquid chromatography (RHPLC), except for daibuoxide. Their structures were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic and comparative literature data analysis. This is the first report on the presence of the sesquiterpene; daibuoxide in Endiandra genus. In vitro enzymatic bio-evaluation of the isolated compounds against α-amylase and α-glucosidase showed that 4 demonstrated the best α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 181.54 ± 6.27 µg/mL and 237.87 ± 0.07 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, molecular docking analysis confirmed the α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities demonstrated by 4.
The Pergau lake basin is a man-made water catchment area comprise of 460 hectares due to the construction of hydroelectric dams in Pergau. It is located about 125 km southwest of Kota Bharu in the ...Jeli district in Kelantan and managed by Tenaga Nasional Berhad. The lake is rich in natural resources and the forest in the basin acts as a reservoir through water absorption and storage. Forests within the area catchments and basins can control soil erosion and erosion of river banks as well slope collapse is one of the sources of risk floods in terms of damage to property and infrastructure such as bridges and road. However, rapid population growth and urbanisation induced the pressure from human activities have been expanded into the forest catchment area. Therefore this study was conducted in the Pergau Lake (Dam) to safeguard their importance for socio-economic, well-being, ecotourism potential and sustaining its biodiversity. This study aims to predict the land use changes in the study area for 2035, parameterised with satellite images in 1988, 2003 and 2018 and the physical parameter such as slope, road, elevation, distance from built up area, green space edge and waterbody. The integrated approach of remote sensing, Geographical Information System (GIS) and Land Change Modeler-Markov Change Model were used to analyze the changes and their spatial pattern. The results showed that between 1994 and 2004, and between 2004 and 2014 the forest landscape in the Pergau Lake were decreased due to the development of the built-up area. Thus, the results will hopefully take into consideration for land use planning and forest protection for sustainable management planning of the forest catchment area. It is indicated that the spatial effect of green space is influenced by the historical spatial changes, implementation of the previous master planning efforts and uncontrolled land use expansion. This study is designed to provide the novel integrated approach for predicting landscape changes for the forest catchment area to provide the initial guideline for sustainable planning and management of forest catchment area.
Antimicrobial stewardship programme (ASP) was introduced as one of the strategies to curb the rise of multi-drug resistant (MDR) organism. The findings on the programme establishment are important in ...strengthening ASP measures. This study aimed to assess the impact of ASP implementation on the antimicrobial utilisation, antimicrobial cost and the MDR bacterial resistant rate before and after the programme initiation. A retrospective cohort study involving adult inpatient in a public tertiary hospital was conducted between pre-ASP implementation in year 2015 and post-ASP implementation from year 2016 to 2019. The statistical analysis of Student t-test or Mann-Whitney U test was used depending on the data distribution. The mean defined daily dose (DDD) per 1,000 patient days for ASP targeted antibiotics was significantly decreased by 17% from 161.52 DDD per 1,000 patient days in pre-ASP period to 134.49 DDD per 1,000 patient days in post-ASP period mainly from the usage of third generation cephalosporin, carbapenem and colistin. The annual expenditure for ASP targeted antibiotics had significant monetary reduction from RM30,580.50 in pre-ASP period to RM20,590.60 during post-ASP period. Significant reduction in the mean MDR bacterial resistant rate were notable for extended spectrum beta-lactamase E. coli (27.48%–17.85%), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (22.25%–15.73%) and MDR Acinetobacter spp. (71.46%–49.34%). The implementation of ASP leads to significant reduction on the ASP targeted antibiotics utilisation, antimicrobial cost and MDR bacterial resistance rate. These outcomes are beneficial in justification and expansion of ASP activities in Malaysia.
Mineral Identification on Sediments of Pergau Dam Intakes Chang, Chang Shen; Yusoff, Abdul Hafidz; Abas, Muhamad Azahar ...
IOP conference series. Earth and environmental science,
08/2020, Letnik:
549, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Pergau Dam as the largest hydroelectrical generation station in Peninsular Malaysia within a mountainous region; is supplied by many flowing river as its intakes. Previous researches within Pergau ...area mostly focused on biodiversity while this research was to carry out baseline investigation on the minerals present in the intakes sediment of Pergau Dam through surface sampling. Through stereoscopic observation, assemblages of quartz, plagioclase, feldspar, muscovite, and biotite minerals in sediments implies a granitoid source rock. By computing X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) chemical compositional data of sediments into chemical weathering indices, overall weathering condition of Pergau Dam intakes area are unweathered to low chemical weathering intensity. Through Combination of XRF data and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns of mineral phases, detailed mineralogy of plagioclases, K-feldspars, sericites, chlorites and accessory minerals such as epidotes, zircon and monazite were identified. Mineral assemblage and Streckeisen Diagram plots indicate the granitoid source rocks of the sediments are quartz monzorite and quartz monzodiorite.
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•A new 2-arylbenzofuran and four known compounds have been isolated from the stem bark of Sesbania grandiflora.•The chemical structures and phytopharmacological properties of the ...compounds have been evaluated.•The finding expands the chemical diversity of the natural constituents of Papilionoideae.
A new 2-arylbenzofuran, sesbagrandiflorain C (1), together with four known compounds, 2-(3,4-dihydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-4-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzofuran-3-carbaldehyde (2), 2-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-5,6-dimethoxybenzofuran-3-carboxaldehyde (3), sesbagrandiflorain A (4) and sesbagrandiflorain B (5), have been isolated from the stem bark of an Indonesian plant, Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers. The chemical structure of compound 1 was elucidated by UV, IR, MS, and NMR spectroscopic techniques. The proton and carbon NMR resonances of 1 were also compared with the predicted chemical shifts obtained from DFT quantum mechanical calculations with Gaussian. None of the compounds showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus in an agar diffusion assay. However, sesbagrandiflorains A (4) and B (5) exhibited moderate activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. In addition, compounds 1 – 5 have moderate cytotoxicity against HeLa, HepG2, and MCF-7 cancer cell lines.
Verbal Apraxia, also called Apraxia of Speech (AOS) is a speech sound condition that affects a person’s ability to translate conscious speech goals into motor plans, resulting in limited and ...difficult communication. This article presents an investigation on the designing of a 2D animation and its use as a therapy for Verbal Apraxia. This paper aims to investigate animation principles and to design and develop an animation video as a therapeutic solution. The expected outcome of this paper is a comprehensive analysis of the cognitive training in verbal therapy while focusing on spreading awareness of verbal apraxia towards society. In conclusion, this animation video runs successfully and meets all the objectives completely. Therefore, this proposed 2D animation is expected to contribute as a teaching syllabus for special needs schools and produce great usability for the users.
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