Introduction: Triage plays an essential role in the Emergency Department (ED), helping maintain a safe patient flow. Although assessing the quality of the triage process is crucial, to date, there ...has been no metrological testing of a tool measuring the quality of nursing triage. Objective: This study aimed to assess the interrater reliability of the Audit Triage Tool (ATT) in Quebec, Canada. Methods: This retrospective cohort study took place in a regional ED. Fifty triages were selected using a systematic random sampling technique with quotas of 10 triages grouped under 5 chief complaints: chest pain, abdominal pain, neurological problems, major blunt trauma and fever. A total of 4 auditors individually applied the 49 criteria of the ATT to 50 triages. The interrater reliability was measured with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), percentage of unanimity (PU) and percentage of agreement (PA). Results: Based on the ICC, 33/49 criteria showed fair (ICC 0.60, comparatively to only 2/26 implicit criteria. Discussion and conclusion: Findings showed that a quarter of the ATT criteria had poor interrater reliability according to various statistical tests. Solutions to improve the reliability of the ATT, mostly regarding the implicit criteria, are needed. Finally, future methodological research on triage quality assessment should focus on a thorough validation of the ATT.
To examine 1) pain management strategies within the care trajectory of orthopaedic trauma patients and patients' perception of their effectiveness, 2) adverse effects (AEs) associated with ...pharmacological treatments, particularly opioids and cannabis, and 3) patients' perceptions of strategies that should be applied after an orthopaedic trauma and support that they should obtain from health professionals for their use.
This study was conducted with orthopaedic trauma patients in a level 1 trauma center. A convergent mixed-methods design was used. Data on pain experience, pain management strategies used and AEs were collected with self-administered questionnaires at hospital discharge (T1) and at 3 months after injury (T2). Patients' preferences about the pain management strategies used, the required support and AEs were further examined through semi-structured individual interviews at the same time measures. Descriptive statistics and thematic analyses were performed.
Seventy-one patients were recruited and 30 individual interviews were undertaken. Pharmacological pain management strategies used at T1 and T2 were mainly opioids (95.8%; 20.8%) and acetaminophen (91.5%; 37.5%). The most frequently applied non-pharmacological strategies were sleep (95.6%) and physical positioning (89.7%) at T1 and massage (46.3%) and relaxation (32.5%) at T2. Findings from quantitative and qualitative analyses highlighted that non-pharmacological strategies, such as comfort, massage, distraction, and physical therapy, were perceived as the most effective by participants. Most common AEs related to opioids were dry mouth (78.8%) and fatigue (66.1%) at T1 and insomnia (30.0%) and fatigue (20.0%) at T2. Dry mouth (28.6%) and drowsiness (14.3%) were the most reported AEs by patients using recreational cannabis. An important need for information at hospital discharge and for a personalized follow-up was identified by participants during interviews.
Despite its AEs, we found that opioids are still the leading pain management strategy after an orthopaedic trauma and that more efforts are needed to implement non-pharmacological strategies. Cannabis was taken for recreational purposes but patients also used it for pain relief. Support from health professionals is needed to promote the adequate use of these strategies.
Abstract Many patients experience acute pain, which has been associated with numerous negative consequences. Pain education has been proposed as a strategy to improve acute pain management. However, ...studies report limited effects with educational interventions for acute pain in adults, which can be explained by the underuse of the person-centered approach. Thus, we aimed to systematically review and synthetize current evidence from quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods studies describing patients' needs and preferences for acute pain education in adults. We searched original studies and gray literature in 7 databases, from January 1990 to October 2023. Methodological quality was assessed with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. A total of 32 studies were included (n = 1847 patients), two-thirds of which were qualitative studies of high methodological quality. Most of the studies were conducted over the last 15 years in patients with postsurgical and posttraumatic pain, identified as White, with a low level of education. Patients expressed the greatest need for education when it came to what to expect in pain intensity and duration, as well how to take the medication and its associated adverse effects. The most frequently reported educational preferences were for in-person education while involving caregivers and to obtain information first from physicians, then by other professionals. This review has highlighted the needs and preferences to be considered in pain education interventions, which should be embedded in an approach cultivating communication and partnership with patients and their caregivers. The results still need to be confirmed with different patient populations.
Older adults have become a significant portion of the trauma population. Exploring their specificities is crucial to better meet their specific needs. The primary objective was to evaluate the ...temporal changes in the incidence, demographic and trauma characteristics, injury pattern, in-hospital admission, complications, and outcome of older trauma patients.
A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Quebec Trauma Registry. Patients aged ≥16 years admitted to one of the three adult level-I trauma centers between 2003 and 2017 were included. Descriptive analyses and trend-tests were performed to describe temporal changes.
A total of 53,324 patients were included, and 24,822 were aged ≥65 years. The median IQR age increased from 5736-77 to 6746-82 years, and the proportion of older adults rose from 41.8% in 2003 to 54.1% in 2017. Among those, falls remain the main mechanism (84.7%-88.3%), and the proportion of severe thorax (+8.9%), head (+8.7%), and spine (+5%) injuries significantly increased over time. The proportion of severely injured older patients almost doubled (17.6%-32.3%), yet their mortality decreased (-1.0%). Their average annual bed-days consumption also increased (+15,004 and +1,437 in non-intensive care wards and ICU, respectively).
Since 2014, older adults have represented the majority of admissions in Level-I trauma centers in Québec. Their bed-days consumption has greatly increased, and their injury pattern and severity have deeply evolved, while we showed a decrease in mortality.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Chronic pain is prevalent in intensive care survivors and in patients who require acute care treatments. Many adverse consequences have been associated with chronic post-intensive care and acute ...care-related pain. Hence, interest in interventions to prevent these pain disorders has grown. To improve the understanding of the mechanisms of action of these interventions and their potential impacts, this article outlines the pathophysiology involved in the transition from acute to chronic pain, the epidemiology and consequences of chronic post-intensive care and acute care- related pain, and risk factors for the development of chronic pain. Pharmacological, nonpharmacological, and multimodal preventive interventions specific to the targeted populations and their levels of evidence are presented. Nursing implications for preventing chronic pain in patients receiving critical and acute care are also discussed.
OBJECTIVE:Evaluate the incidence and risk factors of opioid use 1 year after injury in elderly trauma patients.
BACKGROUND:The current epidemic of prescription opioid misuse and overdose observed in ...North America generally concerns young patients. Little is known on long-term opioid use among the elderly trauma population.
METHODS:In a retrospective observational multicenter cohort study conducted on registry data, all patients 65 years and older admitted (hospital stay >2 days) for injury in 57 adult trauma centers in the province of Quebec (Canada) between 2004 and 2014 were included. We searched for filled opioid prescriptions in the year preceding the injury, up to 3 months and 1 year after the injury.
RESULTS:In all, 39,833 patients were selected for analysis. Mean age was 79.3 years (±7.7), 69% were women, and 87% of the sample was opioid-naive. After the injury, 38% of the patients filled an opioid prescription within 3 months and 10.9% 95% confidence interval (CI) 10.6%–11.2% filled an opioid prescription 1 year after trauma6.8% (95% CI 6.5%–7.1%) were opioid-naïve and 37.6% (95% CI 36.3%–38.9%) were opioid non-naive patients. Controlling for confounders, patients who filled 2 or more opioid prescriptions before the injury and those who filled an opioid prescription within 3 months after the injury were, respectively, 11.4 and 3 times more likely to use opioids 1 year after the injury compared with those who did not fill opioid prescriptions.
CONCLUSIONS:These results highlight that elderly trauma patients are at risk of long-term opioid use, especially if they had preinjury or early postinjury opioid consumption.
Abstract Importance Most patients presenting with a hip fracture regardless of their comorbidities are surgically treated. A growing body of research states that a certain type of elderly patient ...could benefit more from a palliative approach. Objective Identify the patient who would benefit most from a palliative care approach instead of a surgery. Design Exploratory-matched retrospective cohort study between 2015 and 2021. Setting Single Level 1 Trauma Center. Participants There were 2240 hip fracture patients admitted to our institution between 2015 and 2021. Patients over 65 years old with intertrochanteric or femoral neck fractures could be included. A total of 129 patients opted for palliative care (Palliative Group = PG). This cohort was compared to a matched cohort (for age, sex and fracture type) who underwent surgery but died within three months of the procedure (Surgery Deceased Group = SDG) and another matched cohort who survived more than three months (Surgery Alive Group = SAG) following surgery. Main outcomes and measures Medical charts were reviewed for patient demographics, autonomy level, level of care, neurocognitive disorders (NCD), fracture type, in-hospital data and outpatient death within three months of admission. Analysis was performed through univariate and multivariate models with SAS OnDemand for Academics (alpha 0.05). Results Patients in the PG ( n = 129) were 88.2 ± 7.2 years old, 71.3% were females, and 61.2% had a femoral neck fracture. Patients in the SDG ( n = 95) and SAG ( n = 107) were well matched. The PG differed from the SDG ( n = 95) and SAG ( n = 107) regarding NCD (85.3% vs. 57.9% vs. 36.4%, p < 0.01) and the presence of Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) (19.4% vs. 5.3% vs. 3.7%, p < 0.01). There were more known heart failure (24.2% vs. 16.3%, p < 0.01) and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in the SDG group than in the PG group (26.6 vs. 14.7%, p = 0.02). Patients in the SAG have a significant lower rate of NCD (OR 2,7 (95%CI 1,5–5,0)), heart failure (OR 5,7 (95%CI 1,9–16,4)) and COPD (OR 2,8 (95%CI 1,2–6,3)) than other groups. Prefracture mobility, autonomy and living situation significantly differed between the groups. Median survival was six days in PG and 17 days in SDG. All groups lost autonomy and mobility. There were more complications in the SDG group than in the PG group. The end-of-care trajectory was death or hospice for most patients in the PG and SDG groups. More than 30% of the SAG group could not return home at discharge. Conclusion The presence of an NCD and diminished prefracture autonomy strongly support counseling for palliative care. The high rate of complications when surgery is proposed for frail patients with multiple comorbidities suggests that the concept of palliative surgery needs to be revisited.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Our primary objectives were to identify clinical practice guideline recommendations for children with acute mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) presenting to an emergency department (ED), appraise ...their overall quality, and synthesize the quality of evidence and the strength of included recommendations.
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, and medical association websites from January 2012 to May 2023 for clinical practice guidelines with at least 1 recommendation targeting pediatric mTBI populations presenting to the ED within 48 hours of injury for any diagnostic or therapeutic intervention in the acute phase of care (ED and inhospital). Pairs of reviewers independently assessed overall clinical practice guideline quality using the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II tool. The quality of evidence on recommendations was synthesized using a matrix based on the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Evidence-to-Decision framework.
We included 11 clinical practice guidelines, of which 6 (55%) were rated high quality. These included 101 recommendations, of which 34 (34%) were based on moderate- to high-quality evidence, covering initial assessment, initial diagnostic imaging, monitoring/observation, therapeutic interventions, discharge advice, follow-up, and patient and family support. We did not identify any evidence-based recommendations in high-quality clinical practice guidelines for repeat imaging, neurosurgical consultation, or hospital admission. Lack of strategies and tools to aid implementation and editorial independence were the most common methodological weaknesses.
We identified 34 recommendations based on moderate- to high-quality evidence that may be considered for implementation in clinical settings. Our review highlights important areas for future research. This review also underlines the importance of providing strategies to facilitate the implementation of clinical practice guideline recommendations for pediatric mTBI.
Trauma team activation (TTA) allows the provision of specialized and timely care to improve outcomes for severely injured patients. Limited information is available on the current state of TTA in ...Canadian trauma centres (TC). Study objectives were to describe TTA processes, data and reports, along with the challenges and successes from a national perspective.
A mixed-methods, cross-sectional survey was undertaken with Canadian trauma leadership, utilizing a total population sampling strategy. The questionnaire, containing 108-items, was administered online between February-April 2022, utilizing a modified Dillman technique. Descriptive statistics and thematic analyses were performed.
Trauma leaders from 9 out of 10 provinces responded for a response rate of 68% (32/47). Two-thirds (67%) of respondents worked in adult TC; 63% in a level I center. A higher proportion of pediatric TC had a two-tiered TT response (60% pediatric; 35% adult). The most common criteria were neurologic compromise (100% one-level TTA) and hypotension (pediatric: 100% one-level, 100% tier 1; adult: 92% one-level, 86% tier 1). All one-level TTA included penetrating trauma criteria. One-third of respondents reported using TTA subgroup criteria for pediatric, pregnant, and/or geriatric patients. There was variability with disciplines responding to TTA, with largest, most comprehensive teams for tier 1. Two-thirds of TC review activation compliance (under/overtriage), while 55% focus on non-compliance and reasons for missed TTA. The most frequent challenges related to TTA practices were reliable data collection (60%) while successes included were the establishment of TTA guidelines to improve team compliance (33%) and RN initiated TTA.
Some TTA practices were similar among Canadian TC, while others showed variability. Findings provide opportunities for improvement, including a two-tier system, geriatric-specific criteria, and RN initiated TTA, and could help establish national standards and best practices. Compliance with standards has the potential to improve Canadian TTA practices and patient outcomes.
Self-Medication Paths Audet, Claudie; Bertrand, Christian; Martel, Marc O. ...
The Clinical journal of pain,
08/2024
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Objectives: Cannabis is used by one-third of people living with chronic pain to alleviate their symptoms despite warnings from several organizations regarding its efficacy and safety. We currently ...know little about self-medication practices (use of cannabis for therapeutic purposes without guidance), mainly since the legalization of recreational cannabis in countries such as Canada has expanded the scope of this phenomenon. This study aimed to describe legal cannabis self-medication for pain relief in people living with chronic pain and to explore perceptions of the effectiveness and safety of cannabis. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed among 73 individuals living with chronic pain and using cannabis (Quebec, Canada). Data collection using telephone interviews occurred in early 2023. Results: Results indicated that 61.6% of participants reported using cannabis without the guidance of a healthcare professional (self-medication). Surprisingly, among those, 40.0% held a medical authorization. Overall, 20.6% of study participants were using both medical and legal non-medical cannabis. Different pathways to self-medication were revealed. Proportion of women vs. men participants self-medicating were 58.2% vs. 70.6% ( P =0.284). In terms of perceptions, 90.4% of the sample perceived cannabis to be effective for pain management; 72.6% estimated that it posed no or minimal health risk. Discussion: Cannabis research is often organized around medical vs. non-medical cannabis but in the real-world, those two vessels are connected. Interested parties, including researchers, healthcare professionals and funding agencies, need to consider this. Patients using cannabis feel confident in the safety of cannabis, and many of them self-medicate, which calls for action.
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