Background: Metabolic and transcriptomic differences between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) compartments, particularly in the context of obesity, may play a role ...in colorectal carcinogenesis. We investigated the differential functions of their metabolic compositions.
Objectives: Biochemical differences between adipose tissues (VAT compared with SAT) in patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC) were investigated by using mass spectrometry metabolomics and gene expression profiling. Metabolite compositions were compared between VAT, SAT, and serum metabolites. The relation between patients’ tumor stage and metabolic profiles was assessed.
Design: Presurgery blood and paired VAT and SAT samples during tumor surgery were obtained from 59 CRC patients (tumor stages I–IV) of the ColoCare cohort. Gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry were used to measure 1065 metabolites in adipose tissue (333 identified compounds) and 1810 metabolites in serum (467 identified compounds). Adipose tissue gene expression was measured by using Illumina’s HumanHT-12 Expression BeadChips.
Results: Compared with SAT, VAT displayed elevated markers of inflammatory lipid metabolism, free arachidonic acid, phospholipases (PLA2G10), and prostaglandin synthesis–related enzymes (PTGD/PTGS2S). Plasmalogen concentrations were lower in VAT than in SAT, which was supported by lower gene expression of FAR1, the rate-limiting enzyme for ether-lipid synthesis in VAT. Serum sphingomyelin concentrations were inversely correlated (P = 0.0001) with SAT adipose triglycerides. Logistic regression identified lipids in patients’ adipose tissues, which were associated with CRC tumor stage.
Conclusions: As one of the first studies, we comprehensively assessed differences in metabolic, lipidomic, and transcriptomic profiles between paired human VAT and SAT and their association with CRC tumor stage. We identified markers of inflammation in VAT, which supports prior evidence regarding the role of visceral adiposity and cancer. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02328677.
Let \((A,\mathfrak{m}, k=A/\mathfrak{m})\) be a noetherian local ring. Then it is equivalent \(n = \dim A = \dim_k \mathfrak{m}/\mathfrak{m}^2\) and \(\mathrm{Tor}^A_i(k,k) = 0\) for all \(i \gg 0\). ...The article gives a proof with the change-of-ring spectral sequence in the derived category form.
Folates, including folic acid, may play a dual role in colorectal cancer development. Folate is suggested to be protective in early carcinogenesis but could accelerate growth of premalignant lesions ...or micrometastases. Whether circulating concentrations of folate and folic acid, measured around time of diagnosis, are associated with recurrence and survival in colorectal cancer patients is largely unknown.
Circulating concentrations of folate, folic acid, and folate catabolites p-aminobenzoylglutamate and p-acetamidobenzoylglutamate were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry at diagnosis in 2024 stage I-III colorectal cancer patients from European and US patient cohort studies. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess associations between folate, folic acid, and folate catabolites concentrations with recurrence, overall survival, and disease-free survival.
No statistically significant associations were observed between folate, p-aminobenzoylglutamate, and p-acetamidobenzoylglutamate concentrations and recurrence, overall survival, and disease-free survival, with hazard ratios ranging from 0.92 to 1.16. The detection of folic acid in the circulation (yes or no) was not associated with any outcome. However, among patients with detectable folic acid concentrations (n = 296), a higher risk of recurrence was observed for each twofold increase in folic acid (hazard ratio = 1.31, 95% confidence interval = 1.02 to 1.58). No statistically significant associations were found between folic acid concentrations and overall and disease-free survival.
Circulating folate and folate catabolite concentrations at colorectal cancer diagnosis were not associated with recurrence and survival. However, caution is warranted for high blood concentrations of folic acid because they may increase the risk of colorectal cancer recurrence.
To explore further the mechanisms that may underlie cardiac arrhythmia, we analysed stretch-activated ion currents in human atrial myocytes. Longitudinal stretch of freshly isolated atrial myocytes ...prolonged the duration of action potentials, depolarized the resting membrane potential and caused extra action potentials. Under voltage-clamp conditions, the amplitude of stretch-induced transmembrane currents increased reversibly with the intensity of stretch. Stretch-activated currents ( I(SAC)) had a reversal potential of 0 mV and were insensitive to substitution of Cl(-) with aspartate ions in the extracellular fluid. I(SAC) was suppressed by 5 micro M gadolinium (Gd(3+)). Furthermore, mechanical stretch decreased transmembrane ion fluxes through L-type calcium channels (I(Ca,L)). This reduction of I(Ca,L) was inhibited by dialysing the cells for 5 min with 5 mM BAPTA prior to application of stretch. In contrast, both BAPTA and removal of Ca(2+) from the extracellular bathing solution had no significant effect on stretch activation of I(SAC). These findings suggest that non-selective cation channels in human atrial myocytes are sensitive to mechanical stimulation. We propose that activation of transmembrane influx of cations, preferentially Na(+), by local stretch may play a role in cardiac arrhythmia.
We report the case of a young woman in whom endaortitis developed at the site of a coarctation of the aorta after the invasive investigation of right fossa iliac pain. The organism responsible ...suggests a causal relationship to the investigations without antibiotic prophylaxis, and we emphasize the need for antibiotic prophylaxis in these cases. Invasive investigation of isolated coarctation in a young adult or adolescent is probably superfluous.
Abstract
This work provides a series of methane adsorption isotherms and breakthrough curves on one 5A zeolite and one activated carbon. Breakthrough curves of CH
4
were obtained from dynamic column ...measurements at different temperature and pressure conditions for concentrations of 4.4 – 17.3 mol.‐% in H
2
/CH
4
mixtures. A simple model was developed to simulate the curves using measured and calculated data inputs. The results show that the model predictions agree very well with the experiments.
This work provides a series of methane adsorption isotherms and breakthrough curves on one 5A zeolite and one activated carbon. Breakthrough curves of CH4 were obtained from dynamic column ...measurements at different temperature and pressure conditions for concentrations of 4.4 – 17.3 mol.‐% in H2/CH4 mixtures. A simple model was developed to simulate the curves using measured and calculated data inputs. The results show that the model predictions agree very well with the experiments.
Breakthrough curves of methane were measured on 5A zeolite and activated carbon at different operating conditions. A simple mathematical model was used to simulate the dynamic behavior of the adsorbent bed using inputs of previously measured adsorption isotherms, heat of adsorption and physical properties evaluated according to literature reports.
Let (A,m_A) -> (B,m_B) be a local morphism of local noetherian rings and M a finitely generated B-module. Then it follows from Tor^A_1(M,A/m_A) = 0 that M is a flat A-module. This is usually called ...the "local criterion of flatness". We give a proof that proceeds along different lines than the usual textbook proofs, using completions and only elementary properties of flat modules and the Tor-functor.
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