This work presents a new search for magnetic monopoles using data taken with the ANTARES neutrino telescope over a period of 10 years (January 2008 to December 2017). Compared to previous ANTARES ...searches, this analysis uses a run-by-run simulation strategy, with a larger exposure as well as a new simulation of magnetic monopoles taking into account the Kasama, Yang and Goldhaber model for their interaction cross-section with matter. No signal compatible with the passage of relativistic magnetic monopoles is observed, and upper limits on the flux of magnetic monopoles with β=v/c≥0.55, are presented. For ultra-relativistic magnetic monopoles the flux limit is ∼7×10−18 cm−2s−1sr−1.
High-significance evidences of the existence of a high-energy diffuse flux of cosmic neutrinos have emerged in the last decade from several observations by the IceCube Collaboration. The ANTARES ...neutrino telescope took data for 15 years in the Mediterranean Sea, from 2007 to 2022, and collected a high-purity all-flavour neutrino sample. The search for a diffuse cosmic neutrino signal using this dataset is presented in this article. This final analysis did not provide a statistically significant observation of the cosmic diffuse flux: this is converted into limits on the properties of the cosmic neutrino spectrum. In particular, given the sensitivity of the ANTARES neutrino telescope between 1 and 50 TeV, constraints on single-power-law hypotheses are derived for the cosmic diffuse flux below 20 TeV.
Position calibration in the deep sea is typically done by means of acoustic multilateration using three or more acoustic emitters installed at known positions. Rather than using hydrophones as ...receivers that are exposed to the ambient pressure, the sound signals can be coupled to piezo ceramics glued to the inside of existing containers for electronics or measuring instruments of a deep sea infrastructure. The ANTARES neutrino telescope operated from 2006 until 2022 in the Mediterranean Sea at a depth exceeding 2000m. It comprised nearly 900 glass spheres with 432mm diameter and 15mm thickness, equipped with photomultiplier tubes to detect Cherenkov light from tracks of charged elementary particles. In an experimental setup within ANTARES, piezo sensors have been glued to the inside of such - otherwise empty - glass spheres. These sensors recorded signals from acoustic emitters with frequencies from 46545 to 60235Hz. Two waves propagating through the glass sphere are found as a result of the excitation by the waves in the water. These can be qualitatively associated with symmetric and asymmetric Lamb-like waves of zeroth order: a fast (early) one with \(v_e \approx 5\)mm/\(\mu\)s and a slow (late) one with \(v_\ell \approx 2\)mm/\(\mu\)s. Taking these findings into account improves the accuracy of the position calibration. The results can be transferred to the KM3NeT neutrino telescope, currently under construction at multiple sites in the Mediterranean Sea, for which the concept of piezo sensors glued to the inside of glass spheres has been adapted for monitoring the positions of the photomultiplier tubes.
By constantly monitoring at least one complete hemisphere of the sky, neutrino telescopes are well designed to detect neutrinos emitted by transient astrophysical events. Real-time searches with the ...ANTARES telescope have been performed to look for neutrino candidates coincident with gamma-ray bursts detected by the Swift and Fermi satellites, highenergy neutrino events registered by IceCube, transient events from blazars monitored by HAWC, photon-neutrino coincidences by AMON notices and gravitational wave candidates observed by LIGO/Virgo. By requiring temporal coincidence, this approach increases the sensitivity and the significance of a potential discovery. Thanks to the good angular accuracy of neutrino candidates reconstructed with the ANTARES telescope, a coincident detection can also improve the positioning area of non-well localised triggers such as those detected by gravitational wave interferometers. This paper summarises the results of the follow-up performed by the ANTARES telescope between 01/2014 and 02/2022, which corresponds to the end of the data taking period.
Interactions of cosmic ray protons, atomic nuclei, and electrons in the interstellar medium in the inner part of the Milky Way produce a \(\gamma\)-ray flux from the Galactic Ridge. If the ...\(\gamma\)-ray emission is dominated by proton and nuclei interactions, a neutrino flux comparable to the \(\gamma\)-ray flux is expected from the same sky region. Data collected by the ANTARES neutrino telescope are used to constrain the neutrino flux from the Galactic Ridge in the 1-100 TeV energy range. Neutrino events reconstructed both as tracks and showers are considered in the analysis and the selection is optimized for the search of an excess in the region \(|l| < 30\deg\), \(|b| < 2\deg\). The expected background in the search region is estimated using an off-zone region with similar sky coverage. Neutrino signal originating from a power-law spectrum with spectral index ranging from \(\Gamma_\nu=1\) to \(4\) is simulated in both channels. The observed energy distributions are fitted to constrain the neutrino emission from the Ridge. The energy distributions in the signal region are inconsistent with the background expectation at \(\sim 96\%\) confidence level. The mild excess over the background is consistent with a neutrino flux with a power law with a spectral index \(2.45^{+0.22}_{-0.34}\) and a flux normalization \(dN_\nu/dE_\nu = 4.0^{+2.7}_{-2.0} \times 10^{-16} \text{GeV}^{-1} \text{cm}^{-2} \text{s}^{-1} \text{sr}^{-1}\) at 40 TeV reference energy. Such flux is consistent with the expected neutrino signal if the bulk of the observed \(\gamma\)-ray flux from the Galactic Ridge originates from interactions of cosmic ray protons and nuclei with a power-law spectrum extending well into the PeV energy range.
Since 2015 the LIGO and Virgo interferometers have detected gravitational waves from almost one hundred coalescences of compact objects (black holes and neutron stars). This article presents the ...results of a search performed with data from the ANTARES telescope to identify neutrino counterparts to the gravitational wave sources detected during the third LIGO/Virgo observing run and reported in the catalogues GWTC-2, GWTC-2.1, and GWTC-3. This search is sensitive to all-sky neutrinos of all flavours and of energies \(>100\) GeV, thanks to the inclusion of both track-like events (mainly induced by \(\nu_\mu\) charged-current interactions) and shower-like events (induced by other interaction types). Neutrinos are selected if they are detected within \(\pm 500\) s from the GW merger and with a reconstructed direction compatible with its sky localisation. No significant excess is found for any of the 80 analysed GW events, and upper limits on the neutrino emission are derived. Using the information from the GW catalogues and assuming isotropic emission, upper limits on the total energy \(E_{\rm tot, \nu}\) emitted as neutrinos of all flavours and on the ratio \(f_\nu = E_{\rm tot, \nu}/E_{\rm GW}\) between neutrino and GW emissions are also computed. Finally, a stacked analysis of all the 72 binary black hole mergers (respectively the 7 neutron star - black hole merger candidates) has been performed to constrain the typical neutrino emission within this population, leading to the limits: \(E_{\rm tot, \nu} < 4.0 \times 10^{53}\) erg and \(f_\nu < 0.15\) (respectively, \(E_{\rm tot, \nu} < 3.2 \times 10^{53}\) erg and \(f_\nu < 0.88\)) for \(E^{-2}\) spectrum and isotropic emission. Other assumptions including softer spectra and non-isotropic scenarios have also been tested.
In this work, a search for nuclearites of strange quark matter by using nine years of ANTARES data taken in the period 2009-2017 is presented. The passage through matter of these particles is ...simulated %according to the model of de R\'{u}jula and Glashow taking into account a detailed description of the detector response to nuclearites and of the data acquisition conditions. A down-going flux of cosmic nuclearites with Galactic velocities (\(\beta = 10^{-3}\)) was considered for this study. The mass threshold for detecting these particles at the detector level is \mbox{ \(4 \times 10^{13}\) GeV/c\(^{2}\)}. Upper limits on the nuclearite flux for masses up to \(10^{17}\) GeV/c\(^{2}\) at the level of \(\sim 5 \times 10^{-17}\) cm\(^{-2}\) s\(^{-1}\) sr\(^{-1}\) are obtained. These are the first upper limits on nuclearites established with a neutrino telescope and the most stringent ever set for Galactic velocities.
Solar Atmospheric Neutrinos (SA\(\nu\)s) are produced by the interaction of cosmic rays with the solar medium. The detection of SA\(\nu\)s would provide useful information on the composition of ...primary cosmic rays as well as the solar density. These neutrinos represent an irreducible source of background for indirect searches for dark matter towards the Sun and the measurement of their flux would allow for a better assessment of the uncertainties related to these searches. In this paper we report on the analysis performed, based on an unbinned likelihood maximisation, to search for SA\(\nu\)s with the ANTARES neutrino telescope. After analysing the data collected over 11 years, no evidence for a solar atmospheric neutrino signal has been found. An upper limit at 90\% confidence level on the flux of solar atmospheric neutrinos has been obtained, equal to 7$\times$$10^{-11}\( TeV\)^{-1}\(cm\)^{-2}\(s\)^{-1}\( at E\)_\nu =$ 1 TeV for the reference cosmic ray model assumed.
Non-standard interactions of neutrinos arising in many theories beyond the Standard Model can significantly alter matter effects in atmospheric neutrino propagation through the Earth. In this paper, ...a search for deviations from the prediction of the standard 3-flavour atmospheric neutrino oscillations using the data taken by the ANTARES neutrino telescope is presented. Ten years of atmospheric neutrino data collected from 2007 to 2016, with reconstructed energies in the range from \(\sim\)16 GeV to \(100\) GeV, have been analysed. A log-likelihood ratio test of the dimensionless coefficients \(\varepsilon_{\mu\tau}\) and \(\varepsilon_{\tau\tau} - \varepsilon_{\mu\mu}\) does not provide clear evidence of deviations from standard interactions. For normal neutrino mass ordering, the combined fit of both coefficients yields a value 1.7\(\sigma\) away from the null result. However, the 68% and 95% confidence level intervals for \(\varepsilon_{\mu\tau}\) and \(\varepsilon_{\tau\tau} - \varepsilon_{\mu\mu}\), respectively, contain the null value. Best fit values, one standard deviation errors and bounds at the 90% confidence level for these coefficients are given for both normal and inverted mass orderings. The constraint on \(\varepsilon_{\mu\tau}\) is among the most stringent to date and it further restrains the strength of possible non-standard interactions in the \(\mu - \tau\) sector.
This work presents a new search for magnetic monopoles using data taken with the ANTARES neutrino telescope over a period of 10 years (January 2008 to December 2017). Compared to previous ANTARES ...searches, this analysis uses a run-by-run simulation strategy, with a larger exposure as well as a new simulation of magnetic monopoles taking into account the Kasama, Yang and Goldhaber model for their interaction cross-section with matter. No signal compatible with the passage of relativistic magnetic monopoles is observed, and upper limits on the flux of magnetic monopoles with \(\beta\) = v/c \(\geq\) 0.55, are presented. For ultra-relativistic magnetic monopoles the flux limit is \(\sim\) 7$\times$$10^{-18}\( \)\rm cm^{-2} s^{-1} sr^{-1}$.
