Currently, progress is made globally to construct the ITER, to test the feasibility of fusion at a large scale. Currently cable in conduit (CIC) conductors are used for large scale magnet designs. ...Here the individual strand positions are a concern, due to the possibilities of non-uniform current distribution and the consequences that arise with it. Thus, knowing the position of individual strands is necessary. Many studies have been conducted in simulating the strand position. At the same time, it is necessary to physically map the positions of the strands, for confirmation and refinement of simulations. Our lab conducted measurements using thermal imaging by slicing a CIC conductor in sections, heating up a strand on one side and detecting the change in temperature on the other side by the thermal camera. The strand that heats up fastest should be the same one that was heated up on the other side, allowing a one-to-one matching. The results were promising, but struggled in identifying closely packed sections, due to response speed of the camera. To improve the response speed, it was suggested to use thermistor chips, capable of detecting changes in temperature in the form of voltage with little lag. This should allow the identification of the path that a single strand takes. In this paper, an array of thermistors was tested to see the feasibility of the method, and results will be shown.
New generation accelerators, such as future circular collider (FCC), require superconducting wires with non-copper J c of 1500 A/mm 2 at 16 T and 4.2 K. Kobe Steel Ltd. developed Nb 3 Sn conductors ...with elemental addition to achieve the target J c for FCC. The effect of zinc addition to the copper matrix on the superconducting properties and mechanical strength of the distributed tin (DT) method processed Nb 3 Sn wire is studied. In the present study, the I c -strain characteristics were evaluated using Walters springs (WASP) at 16 T and 4.2 K to investigate the impact of copper (Cu) and brass (Cu-Zn) matrix on further J c improvement and mechanical robustness.
A novel solid-electrolyte nonvolatile switch that we previously developed for programmable large-scale-integration circuits turns on or off when a conducting Cu bridge is formed or dissolved in the ...solid electrolyte. Cu + ion migration and an electrochemical reaction are involved in the switching process. For logic applications, we need to adjust its turn-on voltage ( V ON ), which was too small to maintain the conductance state during logic operations. In this paper, we clarified that V ON is mainly affected by the rate of Cu + ion migration in the solid electrolyte. Considering the relationship between the migration rate and V ON , we replaced the former electrolyte, Cu 2-alpha S, with Ta 2 O 5 , which enabled us to appropriately adjust V ON with a smaller Cu + ion diffusion coefficient.
Nine triterpene acids, viz., six of the ursane type, ursolic acid (1), corosolic acid (2), 3-epicorosolic acid (3), pomolic acid (4), tormentic acid (5) and hyptadienic acid (6), and three of the ...oleanane type, oleanolic acid (7), augustic acid (8) and 3-epimaslinic acid (9), among which 1 constituted the most predominant triterpene acid, were isolated and identified from ethanol extracts of the leaves of red perilla Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton var. acuta Kudo and green perilla P. frutescens (L.) Britton var. acuta Kudo forma viridis Makino. These eight compounds, 1, 2, 4-9, were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation (1 μg/ear) in mice. All the compounds tested showed a marked anti-inflammatory effect, with a 50% inhibitory dose (ID
50
) of 0.09-0.3 mg per ear. In addition, an evaluation against the Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by TPA showed five compounds, 1-3, 5 and 9, with a potent inhibitory effect on EBV-EA induction (91-93% inhibition at 1×10
3
mol ratio/TPA). Furthermore, compound 5 exhibited strong antitumor-promoting activity in an in vivo two-stage carcinogenesis test of mouse tumor by using 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) as an initiator and TPA as a promoter.
Nb3Al has advantages of better tolerance to strain/stress and a higher critical magnetic field (30 T at 4.2 K) for stoichiometric composition over Nb3Sn. The rapid-heating, quenching and ...transformation annealing (RHQT) process enables to form a stoichiometric Nb3Al with fine grain structures via metastable bcc supersaturated-solid-solution. As a result a large critical current density of Nb3Al is achieved over the whole range of magnetic fields without trading off the excellent strain tolerance. A long-length of RHQ processing has been established, and a rectangular but Cu stabilized Nb3Al strand is about be commercially available for NMR uses. Ag or Cu internal stabilization and Cu ion-plating/electroplating techniques have been also developed to enable the stabilized round wire for accelerator and fusion magnets. Successfully energized test coils that were manufactured with a wind-and-react technique have demonstrated that a long piece of Cu stabilized RHQT Nb3Al wire is really available for practical applications.
To enhance the non-Cu critical current density Jc at 15 T and 4.2 K (1000 A mm - 2 at present) we have endeavoured to refine the grain size of rapid heating, quenching and transformation ...(RHQT)-processed Nb3Al. In the present study, the grain boundary structures of RHQT-processed Nb3Al were examined by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) because transgranular fracture prevents the observation of fractured cross sections of Nb3Al to statistically determine the grain size. The grain size distributions of body-centred-cubic supersaturated-solid-solution Nb(Al)ss and A15 Nb3Al filaments were measured for grains misoriented by more than 2 degree , 5 degree and 15 degree . A mixed grain structure, which consists of a few large grains (>25 mu m) and many small grains (<1 mu m), was observed for an Nb3Al filament that had been transformed from non-deformed Nb(Al)ss. Plastic deformation that had been made between the rapid heating and quenching steps and the transformation step apparently homogenized the grain size distribution and then reduced the average grain size. The misorientation angle distributions of Nb(Al)ss and Nb3Al were also measured and compared with each other. A clear relationship between the Jc and the inverse grain size was not confirmed for the RHQT Nb3Al conductors examined in the present study, which indicates the importance of making a filament compositionally homogeneous to obtain a high Jc.
Transformation-processed Nb 3 Al superconductors should be used in conjunction with a high-melting-point matrix material such as Nb. However, Nb is superconductive below 9 K, which causes low-field ...instability due to magnetic interfilament coupling at liquid He temperature. One alternative matrix material is Ta. However, the use of Ta sacrifices the drawability of the precursor wires, increasing the risk of wire breakage during drawing. In this work, a new layout intended to balance drawability and interfilament decoupling is proposed. In this new layout, Nb barrier filaments are concentrated around the central dummy core, and Ta barrier filaments are located so as to magnetically decouple the Nb barrier filaments in the outer filamentary region. The drawability and magnetization behavior of the newly designed Nb 3 Al wires are compared with those of conventional wires.
