The study aimed to clarify some biochemical properties, important for the phytopharmaceutical use of yarrow from the A. millefolium agg.. The study comprised 41 populations from Slovenia. The most ...abundant taxa were included: Achillea millefolium L., A. roseoalba Ehrend., A. collina (Wirtg.) Becker ex Rchb., A. distans Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd., A. pannonica Scheele, A. pratensis Saukel & R.Länger and A. nobilis L. Assessment of essential oil content with the steam distillation method showed no significant difference between taxa. Essential oil content was the lowest in A. collina (6.50 ml kg-1 of dry matter), followed by A. pannonica (7.75 ml kg-1), A. distans (8.50 ml kg-1), A. nobilis (9.40 ml kg-1), A. pratensis (9.65 ml kg-1), A. nobilis × A. millefolium (12.25 ml kg-1), A. roseoalba (12.75 ml kg-1) and A. millefolium (13.50 ml kg-1). The content of azulenes was determined by photometrical measurement of chamazulene in essential oil extracts. Chamazulene was only present in the diploid taxon and one tetraploid taxon, i.e., A. roseoalba (0.16 % of dry plant mass) and A. collina (0.05 %). The differences in antioxidative capacity of extracts from different taxa were not statistically significant, so we can assume that specific antioxidative capacity is not bound to a specific taxon or ploidy level.
The chemical composition of essential oils and hydrosols of immortelle (Helichrysum italicum) stems with leaves obtained by hydrodistillation was identified using gas chromatography coupled with mass ...spectrometry (GC-MS). One-year-old and two-year-old plants of the same immortelle population, and plants from three Croatian populations, all grown in Slovenia, were included in the study. The main compounds of essential oils of one-year-old and two-year-old plants were α-pinene, α-eudesmol, and rosifoliol. Among essential oils of the Croatian populations, three dominant components were found: α-pinene, geranyl acetate, and 2-phenylethyl tiglate. Both the essential oils and hydrosols of one-year-old plants were more diverse in their compositions than two-year-old plants. The predominant compounds of hydrosols of one- and two-year-old plants were pentan-3-one, 3-octanone, 2,2-dimethylnon-5-en-3-one, and α-terpineol, and in the Croatian populations α-terpineol, 2,6-octadien-1-ol, 2,2-dimethylnon-5-en-3-one, and α-terpineol.
Dalmatian sage (Salvia officinalis L., Lamiaceae) is a well-known aromatic and medicinal Mediterranean plant that is native in coastal regions of the western Balkan and southern Apennine Peninsulas ...and is commonly cultivated worldwide. It is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Knowledge of its genetic diversity and spatiotemporal patterns is important for plant breeding programmes and conservation. We used eight microsatellite markers to investigate evolutionary history of indigenous populations as well as genetic diversity and structure within and among indigenous and cultivated/naturalised populations distributed across the Balkan Peninsula. The results showed a clear separation between the indigenous and cultivated/naturalised groups, with the cultivated material originating from one restricted geographical area. Most of the genetic diversity in both groups was attributable to differences among individuals within populations, although spatial genetic analysis of indigenous populations indicated the existence of isolation by distance. Geographical structuring of indigenous populations was found using clustering analysis, with three sub-clusters of indigenous populations. The highest level of gene diversity and the greatest number of private alleles were found in the central part of the eastern Adriatic coast, while decreases in gene diversity and number of private alleles were evident towards the northwestern Adriatic coast and southern and eastern regions of the Balkan Peninsula. The results of Ecological Niche Modelling during Last Glacial Maximum and Approximate Bayesian Computation suggested two plausible evolutionary trajectories: 1) the species survived in the glacial refugium in southern Adriatic coastal region with subsequent colonization events towards northern, eastern and southern Balkan Peninsula; 2) species survived in several refugia exhibiting concurrent divergence into three genetic groups. The insight into genetic diversity and structure also provide the baseline data for conservation of S. officinalis genetic resources valuable for future breeding programmes.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Many wild plants around us have beneficial effects on our body and can be used as food. People are more and more interested in the medicinal plants. Many of them began gathering and preparing plants ...for the relief of symptoms of diseases or as a food dietary. Due to the lack of knowledge of plants, mistaking plants that contain toxins for medical plants may happen and cause adverse effects or even poisoning. The Poison Control Centre in Ljubljana keeps records of patients who have been admitted to the department because of adverse effects from the ingestion of certain plants. We analysed 64 cases, which were registered by the Poison Control Centre between January 2000 and December 2013. The aim of the present study was to determine which plants cause the most intoxications in Slovenia.
A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for analyzing phenolic compounds in fennel (
Foeniculum vulgare) has been developed. The use of a monolithic column with short ...dimensions in combination with optimized chromatographic conditions allows over 100 samples per day to be analyzed. Chromatographic parameters such as column temperature and injection volume, were found to be crucial in obtaining adequate selectivity and resolution, consequently allowing short run times. The method was validated for the major phenolic compounds present in fennel plant material: 3-
O-caffeoylquinic acid (3-CQA), chlorogenic acid, 4-
O-caffeoylquinic acid (4-CQA), eriocitrin, rutin, miquelianin, 1,3-
O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (1,3-diCQA), 1,5-
O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (1,5-diCQA), 1,4-
O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (1,4-diCQA) and rosmarinic acid. The limits of detection (LOD) and the limits of quantitation (LOQ) ranged from 0.05 to 1.0
μg/mL and from 0.15 to 2.5
μg/mL, respectively. With some adaptation, the extraction procedure could be even less invasive, which is useful in screening work.
Antimicrobial activities of thyme essential oil against selected microorganisms, including Fusarium sp., Armillaria mellea, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Buttiauxella sp., Klebsiella ...pneumoniae, Escherichia coli K-12, AmpC-producing E. coli Z, ESBL-producing E. coli strain of KM clonal group ST131, and E. coli 1138 were evaluated. The antimicrobial efficacy of thyme essential oil was determined using agar well diffusion assays. The growth of all tested bacteria was inhibited at thyme essential oil fractions higher than 1%, while a fraction of 10% was needed to inhibit the growth of fungi. The researchers demonstrate that thyme essential oil has a promising activity against food spoilage bacteria, and also against multiresistant AmpC-producing and ESBL-producing bacterial strains isolated from food, which have recently been recognised as public health concerns. On the basis of the data, the thyme essential oil has a potential for use as a growth inhibitor of multidrug-resistant bacteria, and food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria and fungi, to replace commonly used semi-synthetic antimicrobial products.
New ridge–furrow–ridge rainwater-harvesting (RFRRH) system with mulches has been promoted in agricultural production to improve economic potential for high-value plant production. In this system, ...plastic mulch covers two ridges and the furrow between them, which serves as the rainwater-harvesting zone. To test this system more effectively, a field study using purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea Moench) as an indicator crop was conducted to determine the effect of the RFRRH system with or without a covering of two different types of polyethylene mulches and with or without supplemental irrigation on soil water content, crop yield, and time dedicated to weed control during the growing seasons of 2007 and 2008. In the non-irrigated plots, the results showed significantly higher soil water content during dry periods at the beginning of plant growth in the mulch-covered RFRRH system in comparison with the control (uncovered ridges). In comparison with the control, the mulch-covered RFRRH system significantly increased yield and reduced time dedicated to weed control. In the event of a rainfall deficiency, the mulch-covered RFRRH system enabled simple supplemental irrigation, using an agricultural vacuum tanker, by flooding the polyethylene mulch-covered furrow with hardly any ridge erosion. However, in only 1 year did supplemental irrigation significantly increase yield.
V okviru genske banke zdravilnih in aromatičnih rastlin pri Biotehniški fakulteti Univerze v Ljubljani (BFUNI) poteka ohranjanje genskih virov in situ, ex situ in in vitro. Pri in situ ohranjanju je ...bistveno popisovanje gostote populacij na naravnih rastiščih zdravilnih rastlin, pri čemer lokacije označimo z geografskimi koordinatami in ovrednotimo z deskriptorji za kolekcioniranje, okoljskimi deskriptorji in vrstno specifičnimi deskriptorji. Metodologija vrednotenja naravnih populacij rastlinskih vrst in njihovih habitatov, osnovana na sistemu deskriptorjev, je harmonizirana v okviru držav članic programa ECPGR in SEEDNet. S pomočjo terenskih vzorčenj zdravilnih in aromatičnih rastlin ter obdelave zbranih podatkov s pomočjo informacijskega sistema MEDPLANT bo mogoče prikazati biodiverziteto med preučevanimi populacijami zdravilnih in aromatičnih rastlin, kar bo v pomoč končnim uporabnikom in eventuelno žlahtniteljem v prihodnosti. V okviru terenskega dela ocenjujemo pojavnost 10 izbranih rastlinskih vrst: skupina taksonov navadnega rmana (Achillea millefolium L. s. lat.), skupina taksonov pravega ranjaka (Anthyllis vulneraria L. s. lat.), navadna arnika (Arnica montana L.) – zavarovana (kategorija varovanja – C, O) in ranljiva vrsta (kategorija ogroženosti – V), pravi pelin (Artemisia absinthium L.), skupina taksonov rumenega svišča, košutnika (Gentiana lutea L. s. lat.) – zavarovana (kategorija varovanja – C) in ranljiva vrsta (kategorija ogroženosti – V) (Uradni list RS 82/02, 46/04; 49/04; 110/04), šentjanževka (Hypericum perforatum L. s. lat.), navadna dobra misel (Origanum vulgare L. s. lat.), razkrečena rutica (Ruta divaricata Ten.), žajbelj (Salvia officinalis L.) in kraški šetraj (Satureja montana L. s. lat.).
In view of the increasing interest in herbal remedies and their important role in health maintenance and well-being, a study was carried out to clarify the role and importance of the solvent in the ...extraction process. Hydro-alcoholic (methanol or ethanol) or water extraction procedures for secondary metabolites from Gentiana lutea subsp. symphyandra leaves and roots were optimized for the yield of compounds that have proved to act antioxidatively. Using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the contents of seco-iridoid glucosides (gentiopicroside, amarogentin) and 4-pyrones (mangiferin (xanthone), homoorientin (flavone C-glycoside), isovitexin (flavone C-glycoside)) in Gentiana lutea subsp. symphyandra extracts were determined. The analysis revealed that the contents of observed secondary metabolites in Gentiana lutea subsp. symphyandra extracts varied significantly based on the solvent (methanol, ethanol, and water) used in the extraction procedure. Seco-iridoids and 4-pyrone contents in extracts were significantly affected also by the concentration of the alcohol. The highest contents of seco-iridoids were obtained when preparing extracts with 60% methanol and the highest contents of 4-pyrones when using 20% ethanol or water. Root extracts did not contain 4-pyrones. Due to the high content of seco-iridoid glucosides in leaf extracts, and because 4-pyrones of the gentian leaves present an additional therapeutic benefit (such as antioxidative), the use of both roots and leaves of yellow gentian as the raw material for herbal preparations in phytotherapy has been recommended.
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