V Evropi in drugod lahko opazimo številne poskuse hibridnega združevanja krajinskih elementov in grajene strukture ter različnih rab prostora v neločljivo celoto. Fizična in programska prepletenost ...krajinskih elementov in grajene strukture omogoča uporabnikom tega prostora različne dnevne rabe, kot so oddih in rekreacija ter doživljanje drugih prizorišč (kulturnih, izobraževalnih in socialnih), v pretežno s krajinskimi elementi urejenem javnem odprtem prostoru. Na podlagi opredeljenih družbenih sprememb in novih usmeritev v načrtovanju urbanih območij, analiz primerov sodobne arhitekturne in urbanistične prakse z vidika vključevanja krajinskih elementov v urbano strukturo so v prispevku opredeljeni pojav hibridnega javnega odprtega prostora krajinskih elementov in grajene strukture ter metodološka izhodišča za načrtovanje sodobnih oblik javnega odprtega prostora.
The trend today in the cities in Europe and elsewhere is in combining landscape elements, built structure and different uses into a complex urban structure. Physical and program interweaving of ...landscape elements and built structure enables the consumers daily practice of leisure programs – relaxation, recreation and experiencing other cultural, educational and social events in the public green space. On the basis of determinate social changes and new approaches in urban planning practice, analyses of architectural and urban case studies from the point of view of integrating the landscape elements into the urban structure, the article defines the phenomenon of hybrid open public space and proposes methodical guidelines for the planning.
V Evropi in drugod lahko opazimo številne poskuse hibridnega združevanja krajinskih elementov in grajene strukture ter različnih rab prostora v neločljivo celoto. Fizična in programska prepletenost ...krajinskih elementov in grajene strukture omogoča uporabnikom tega prostora različne dnevne rabe, kot so oddih in rekreacija ter doživljanje drugih prizorišč (kulturnih, izobraževalnih in socialnih), v pretežno s krajinskimi elementi urejenem javnem odprtem prostoru. Na podlagi opredeljenih družbenih sprememb in novih usmeritev v načrtovanju urbanih območij, analiz primerov sodobne arhitekturne in urbanistične prakse z vidika vključevanja krajinskih elementov v urbano strukturo so v prispevku opredeljeni pojav hibridnega javnega odprtega prostora krajinskih elementov in grajene strukture ter metodološka izhodišča za načrtovanje sodobnih oblik javnega odprtega prostora.
Addition of an active surveillance virtual glucose management (VGM) system to usual consultation-based diabetes inpatient care at our hospital was associated with a decrease in hospital-acquired ...infection from 8.7% (17/196) to 3.5% (6/172) with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.17 (95%CI: 0.05–0.61), and a reduction in hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic patient-stay days.
Background
The effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model by Siegrist encouraged numerous scientific investigations that reported particular ties between psychosocial risks and poor self-reported health ...(SRH), while psychosocial work-related stress has also been linked to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The aim of this study was to examine the health status and the perceived levels of occupational stress of university employees and to analyse the findings according to the employees’ effort and reward structure of work, perceived overall stress, SRH and the presence of MSDs.
Design and methods
398 employees – including healthcare professionals, academic personnel and workers with administrative or other jobs – employed at the University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine were investigated with a self-administered questionnaire including the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire (ERIQ) and Perceived Stress Scale 4 (PSS-4).
Results
More than half of the investigated subjects (54.8%) reported some forms of MSDs. Low self-reported health (P<0.001) and presence of MSDs (P=0.015) were significantly associated with the level of perceived stress and effort-reward imbalance (ERI), moreover increased level of perceived stress was independently associated with the likelihood of MSDs (AOR=1.13) and low self-reported health (AOR=1.30). ERI well predicted low self-reported health (AOR=2.05) as well. Increased level of perceived stress positively correlated with high workrelated effort (r=0.247, P<0.001) and over-commitment (r=0.387, P<0.001) while with work-related reward (r=-0.181, P=0.011) perceived stress showed a negative connection.
Conclusion
Our results suggest that addressing the burden of effort-reward imbalance and MSDs would likely lessen employees’ perceived level of overall stress and affect their self-reported overall state of health.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
To investigate the prognostic value of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its inhibitor, type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), in differentiated thyroid cancer.
Prospective ...cohort study.
University hospital.
Cytosolic concentrations of uPA and PAI-1 were determined in 105 patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma and normal matched tissues using an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA).
Both uPA and PAI-1 concentrations were significantly higher in differentiated thyroid tumors (uPA = 0.509 ± 0.767 and PAI-1 = 6.337 ± 6.415 ng/mg) compared to normal tissues (uPA = 0.237 ± 0.051, P < .001; PAI-1 = 2.368 ± 0.418 ng/mg, P < .001). uPA and PAI-1 were significantly higher if extrathyroidal invasion (uPA, P = .015; PAI-1, P < .001) or distant metastasis (PAI-1 P < .001) was present, as well as in tumors whose size exceeded 1 cm in diameter (uPA, P = .002; PAI-1, P = .001). Survival analysis revealed the significant impact of both uPA and PAI-1 on progression-free survival (PFS) (82.22 vs 49.478 months for patients with low and high uPA, respectively, P < .001; 87.068 vs 44.964 months for patients with low and high PAI-1, respectively, P < .001). Univariate analysis showed that gender, tumor size, tumor grade, extrathyroid invasion, local lymph node involvement, distant metastasis, uPA, and PAI-1 were significant predictors of PFS. However, multivariate analysis identified only distant metastasis and tumor tissue uPA and PAI-1 as independent prognostic factors.
These findings indicate that high uPA and PAI-1 levels represent independent unfavorable prognostic factors in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.
Higher levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its inhibitor (PAI-1) are linked to the poor prognosis in a variety of malignances. uPA and PAI-1 were expressed in most thyroid ...carcinomas, as had been measured immunohistochemically. However, no relationship between their expression and clinicopathological parameters were found. Aim of the present study was to investigate the expression and clinical relevance of uPA and PAI-1 in thyroid cancer.
uPA and PAI-1 in paired cytosol samples of thyroid tumor and normal tissue were determined in 23 patients using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and correlated to the known prognostic features.
Both uPA and PAI-1 concentrations were significantly higher in malignant thyroid tumors (uPA=1.342 +/- 2.944 and PAI-1=17.615 +/- 31.933 ng/mg protein) than in normal tissue (uPA=0.002 +/- 0.009, P=0.011 and PAI-1=2.333 +/- 0.338 ng/mg protein, P=0.001) with positive correlation of the two proteins in the tumors. There were no differences in proteins' levels between benign tumors and normal tissue. Both proteins' concentrations were significantly different among various histological grades (uPA P=0.024 and PAI-1 P=0.017), showing higher values in higher tumor grades (grade I uPA=0.116 +/- 0.247 and PAI-1=4.802 +/- 4.151 ng/mg protein; grade III uPA=8.45 +/- 2.192 and PAI-1=94.65 +/- 59.468 ng/mg protein). The uPA and PAI-1 levels showed significant differences among different histological types of thyroid cancer (uPA P=0.049 and PAI-1=0.017). The lowest values were in adenomas (uPA=0.013 +/- 0.025 and PAI-1=2.785 +/- 1.069 ng/mg protein) and the highest in anaplastic carcinomas (uPA=8.45 +/- 2.192 and PAI-1=94.65 +/- 59.468 ng/mg protein). uPA and PAI-1 were significantly higher in anaplastic vs. well-differentiated cancers (uPA P=0.014 and PAI-1 P=0.026), if extrathyroidal invasion (uPA P=0.019 and PAI-1 P=0.009) or distant metastases (uPA P=0.006 and PAI-1 P=0.003) had been present, and in tumors whose size exceeded 1 cm in diameter (uPA P=0.009 and PAI-1 P=0.035). Only PAI-1, but not uPA was significantly higher in multicentric vs. solitary tumors (P=0.012) and lymph node positive compared to lymph node negative patients (P=0.042). The differences of uPA and PAI-1 did not reach the significant level when patients with well-differentiated tumors below and above 40 years of age had been compared. Survival analysis revealed the significant impact of both uPA and PAI-1 on the Progression-Free Survival (PFS) (38.84 vs. 3.67 months for patients with low and high uPA, respectively, P<0.001; 38.2 vs. 12 months for patients with low and high PAI-1, respectively, P=0.016).
The correlation of high uPA and PAI-1 with the known prognostic factors of poorer outcome and with lower PFS rate in patients with thyroid cancers proved that these proteins could be an additional prognostic parameter.
PDF
