Clinician perceptions of risk factors influencing biologic complications with dental implants are poorly understood but are relevant to how clinicians manage conversations with patients seeking ...dental implant therapy.
The purpose of this clinician survey was to assess the relative ranking of biologic risk factors with dental implants identified via the history, clinical examination, and clinical decisions and postimplant placement findings.
A 10-item survey instrument was tested, refined, and distributed to past participants of the Future Leaders in Prosthodontics (FLIP) workshop series asking for their opinion on the relative ranking of commonly identified risk factors in the areas of patient history, clinical examination, and clinical decisions and postimplant placement findings. Descriptive statistics and frequency tables were developed to identify age groupings, geographic work location, and gender. Group differences with respect to risk factor rankings were identified by using Kruskal-Wallis H tests, and, if significant, paired comparisons were conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test with adjustments for Type I error (α=.05).
Significant differences were found by gender, age, and geographic work location. Women viewed “implant placement in site of previous implant loss” (P=.013) and “treated moderate or severe chronic periodontitis” (P=.021) as having significantly greater relative importance than did men, yet men ranked “implant position closer than 1.5 mm from adjacent tooth” (P=.023), “currently using selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor drugs (SSRI)” (P=.001), and “heavy plaque index (PI>50%)” (P=.023) as having significantly greater relative importance than did women. Significant differences were found by geographic work location of practice with respondents from Australasia viewing “treatment plan includes prostheses that limit access for cleaning resulting in an increase in bacterial load” as having greater relative importance than did respondents from Africa (P<.001) and from South America (P<.001). Respondents from South America viewed “implant lacks 2.0 mm of attached tissue around implants” as having greater relative importance than did respondents from Australasia (P<.002) or Asia (P<.001).
Clinicians viewed the relative importance of risk factors for biologic complications with dental implants differently, and those differences varied by clinicians' age, gender, and geographic location of practice.
Stochastic perturbations can trigger major ecosystem shifts. Marine systems have been severely affected in recent years by mass mortality events related to positive thermal anomalies. Although the ...immediate effects in the species demography affected by mortality events are well known, information on the mid- to long-term effects at the community level is much less documented. Here, we show how an extreme warming event replaces a structurally complex habitat, dominated by long-lived species, by a simplified habitat (lower species diversity and richness) dominated by turf-forming species. On the basis of a study involving the experimental manipulation of the presence of the gorgonian Paramuricea clavata, we observed that its presence mitigated the effects of warming by maintaining the original assemblage dominated by macroinvertebrates and delaying the proliferation and spread of the invasive alga Caulerpa cylindracea. However, due to the increase of sediment and turf-forming species after the mortality event we hypothesize a further degradation of the whole assemblage as both factors decrease the recruitment of P.clavata, decrease the survival of encrusting coralligenous-dwelling macroinvertebrates and facilitate the spreading of C. cylindracea.
Internationalisation, as well as the need to interact with international partners in academia and in the pharmaceutical industry, brings an international experience to the pharmacist's career, which ...is essential. The objective of present work is to provide a preliminary study of the current situation of the pre-professional mobility of pharmacy students. It represents the first case study of the international pre-professional mobility of pharmacy students in France, and in north-eastern France in particular. The study is based on a recent preliminary survey among pharmacy students, conducted in 2020 at the University of Lorraine's Faculty of Pharmacy, reflecting the impact of international mobility programmes, such as the European Union educational and training mobility programme Erasmus+, on the pharmacy curriculum. The results of the present work tend to show that, despite a number of barriers to the international mobility of pharmacy students, the outcomes of international pre-professional mobility are rather positive in their globality.
The Master equation in mean field theory Bensoussan, Alain; Frehse, Jens; Yam, Sheung Chi Phillip
Journal de mathématiques pures et appliquées,
06/2015, Letnik:
103, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In his lectures at College de France, P.L. Lions introduced the concept of Master equation, see 8 for Mean Field Games. It is introduced in a heuristic fashion, from the prospective as a system of ...partial differential equations, that the equation is associated to a Nash equilibrium for a large, but finite, number of players. The method, also explained in 3, composed of a formalism of derivations. The interest of this equation is that it contains interesting particular cases, which can be studied directly, in particular the system of HJB–FP (Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman, Fokker–Planck) equations obtained as the limit of the finite Nash equilibrium game, when the trajectories are independent, see 6. Usually, in mean field theory, one can bypass the large Nash equilibrium, by introducing the concept of representative agent, whose action is influenced by a distribution of similar agents, and obtains directly the system of HJB–FP equations of interest, see for instance 1. Apparently, there is no such approach for the Master equation. We show here that it is possible. We first do it for the Mean Field type control problem, for which we interpret completely the Master equation. For the Mean Field Games itself, we solve a related problem, and obtain again the Master equation.
Dans son cours au Collège de France, P.L. Lions a inroduit le concept d'équation maîtresse, pour les jeux à champ moyen 8. Ceci a été fait d'une manière heuristique, à partir du système d'équations aux dérivées partielles associé à un équilibre de Nash, pour un nombre fini, mais grand, de joueurs. La méthode repose sur un formalisme de dérivations. L'intérêt de cette équation maîtresse est qu'elle contient des cas particuliers intéressants, qui peuvent être étudiés dicretement, en particulier le système des équations HJB–FP, Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman & Fokker Planck, obtenu comme la limite d'un équilibre de Nash, lorsque les trajectoires sont indépendantes 6. De manière générale, dans la théorie des jeux à champ moyen, on peut ne pas passer par l'équilibre de Nash pour un grand nombre de joueurs, en introduisant le concept d'agent représentatif, dont le comportement dépend d'une distribution d'agents similaires à l'agent représentatif 1. Une telle possibilité n'avait pas été mise en avant, pour l'équation maîtresse. On montre que c'est possible. On le montre d'abord pour les problèmes de contrôle de type champ moyen, et on caractérise complètement l'équation maîtresse. Pour les jeux champ moyen, on résout un problème relatif à ce cas, et on obtient à nouveau l'équation maîtresse.
Quantifying changes in functional community structure driven by disturbance is critical to anticipate potential shifts in ecosystem functioning. However, how marine heatwaves (MHWs) affect the ...functional structure of temperate coral‐dominated communities is poorly understood. Here, we used five long‐term (> 10 years) records of Mediterranean coralligenous assemblages in a multi‐taxa, trait‐based analysis to investigate MHW‐driven changes in functional structure. We show that, despite stability in functional richness (i.e. the range of species functional traits), MHW‐impacted assemblages experienced long‐term directional changes in functional identity (i.e. their dominant trait values). Declining traits included large sizes, long lifespans, arborescent morphologies, filter‐feeding strategies or calcified skeletons. These traits, which were mostly supported by few sensitive and irreplaceable species from a single functional group (habitat‐forming octocorals), disproportionally influence certain ecosystem functions (e.g. 3D‐habitat provision). Hence, MHWs are leading to assemblages that are deficient in key functional traits, with likely consequences for the ecosystem functioning.
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are altering the structure of temperate coral‐dominated communities worlwide. Yet, the long‐term consequences for ecosystem functioning remain mostly uknown. Here, we quantified changes in functional structure of Mediterranean coralligenous assemblages by conducting a mulit‐taxa, trait‐based analysis. Our results show that MHWs are leading to assemblages that are deficient in key functional traits, with likely consequences for the ecosystem functioning.
Inflammation induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Recently, roles of autophagy against inflammation in the process of ...atherosclerosis have drawn increasing attention. Here, we tested the possible molecular mechanisms by which berberine confers an anti-inflammatory effect in macrophages by upregulation of autophagy.
J774A.1 macrophages were incubated with various doses of ox-LDL for various times. We evaluated the inflammatory factors and autophagy proteins (LC3II/LC3I, and SQSTM1/p62) to ascertain the optimal dose and time. Ox-LDL-induced inflammatory factors and autophagy in J774A.1 cells were tested by the AimPlex multiplex assay, Western blotting, confocal microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy in the presence of berberine or chloroquine (CQ). Adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor compound C was used to evaluate the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
Berberine dose- and time-dependently reduced ox-LDL-induced inflammation and increased the ratio of LC3II/LC3I, and SQSTM1/p62 in J774A.1 cells. CQ significantly attenuated the berberine-induced autophagy and anti-inflammation. In addition, berberine increased the ratio of p-AMPK/AMPK and decreased the ratio of p-mTOR/mTOR. AMPK inhibitor compound C abolished berberine-induced autophagy and promoted p-mTOR/mTOR expression in J774A.1 cells.
Berberine treatment inhibits inflammation in J774A.1 cells by inducing autophagy, which is mediated through activation of the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Importantly, this study provides new insight into berberine's molecular mechanism and its therapeutic potential in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), is one of the most polyphagous herbivores feeding on cell contents of over 1100 plant species including more than 150 ...crops. It is being established as a model for chelicerate herbivores with tools that enable tracking of reciprocal responses in plant-spider mite interactions. However, despite their important pest status and a growing understanding of the molecular basis of interactions with plant hosts, knowledge of the way mites interface with the plant while feeding and the plant damage directly inflicted by mites is lacking. Here, utilizing histology and microscopy methods, we uncovered several key features of T. urticae feeding. By following the stylet path within the plant tissue, we determined that the stylet penetrates the leaf either in between epidermal pavement cells or through a stomatal opening, without damaging the epidermal cellular layer. Our recordings of mite feeding established that duration of the feeding event ranges from several minutes to more than half an hour, during which time mites consume a single mesophyll cell in a pattern that is common to both bean and Arabidopsis plant hosts. In addition, this study determined that leaf chlorotic spots, a common symptom of mite herbivory, do not form as an immediate consequence of mite feeding. Our results establish a cellular context for the plant-spider mite interaction that will support our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and cell signaling associated with spider mite feeding.
This book explores how the technical upheavals of the 21st century have changed the structures and architecture of the creation, sharing and regulation of knowledge. From the new economic and ...technical models of production and dissemination of knowledge, the book deals with all new forms of valorisation.
We initiate the analysis of the response of computer owners to various offers of defence systems against a cyber-hacker (for instance, a botnet attack), as a stochastic game of a large number of ...interacting agents. We introduce a simple mean-field game that models their behavior. It takes into account both the random process of the propagation of the infection (controlled by the botner herder) and the decision making process of customers. Its stationary version turns out to be exactly solvable (but not at all trivial) under an additional natural assumption that the execution time of the decisions of the customers (say, switch on or out the defence system) is much faster that the infection rates.
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