Health care services across the world have been enormously affected by the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Services in oncology have been curtailed because medical services have ...been focused on preventing the spread of the virus and maximizing the number of available hospital beds. The present study was designed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on cancer screening.
Databases such as Medline, Web of Science Core Collection (Indexes = SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI, A & HCI Timespan) and Scopus were searched comprehensively for articles published until January 2021. The keywords used were COVID-19 and
, Articles dealing with cancer screening in the COVID-19 pandemic were included in the review.
The review comprised 17 publications. The impact of COVID-19 was categorized into four dimensions: a significant decline in cancer screening and pathology samples, the cancer diagnosis rate, an increase in advanced cancers, mortality rate and years of life lost (YLLs).
Cancer screening programs have been clearly interrupted since the onset of the COVID-19 disease. The anticipated outcomes include delayed diagnosis and marked increases in the numbers of avoidable cancer deaths. Urgent policy interventions are needed to handle the backlog of routine diagnostic services and minimize the harmful effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer patients.
Background
Patients with peritoneal metastases of gastric cancer have a poor prognosis and median survival of 7 months. This study compared treatment options and outcomes based on the Peritoneal ...Cancer Index (PCI).
Methods
This retrospective analysis included patients with gastric cancer treated between August 2008 and December 2017 with synchronous peritoneal metastases only diagnosed by laparoscopy. The three treatments were as follows: (1) cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in combination with pre- and postoperative systemic chemotherapy (
n
= 58), (2) laparotomy/laparoscopy without CRS, but HIPEC in combination with pre- and postoperative systemic chemotherapy (
n
= 11), and (3) systemic chemotherapy only (
n
= 19).
Results
A total of 88 patients aged 54.6 ± 10.9 years with mean PCI of 14.3 ± 11.3 were included. The PCI was significantly lower in group 1 (8.3 ± 5.7) than in group 2 (23.9 ± 11.1,
p
< 0.001) and group 3 (27.3 ± 9.3,
p
< 0.001). Mean time from diagnosis to laparoscopy was 5.2 ± 2.9 months. The median overall survival was 9.8 ± 0.7 for group 1, 6.3 ± 3.0 for group 2 and 4.9 ± 1.9 months for group 3 (
p
< 0.001). Predictors for deteriorated overall patient survival included > 4 cycles of preoperative chemotherapy (HR 4.49,
p
< 0.001), lymph-node metastasis (HR 3.53,
p
= 0.005), PCI ≥ 12 (HR 2.11,
p
= 0.036), and incompleteness of cytoreduction (HR 4.30,
p
= 0.001) in patients treated with CRS and HIPEC.
Conclusion
CRS and HIPEC showed convincing results in selected patients with PCI < 12 and complete cytoreduction. Prolonged duration (> 4 cycles) of preoperative intravenous chemotherapy reduced patient survival in patients suitable for CRS and HIPEC.
Introduction
Several studies and meta-analysis showed Single-port or Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SPL) to be superior over Multiport laparoscopic surgery (MPL) mainly in terms of ...postoperative pain and cosmetic result. But very little is known whether these results are only a short-term effect or are persistent on the long run after SPL. We therefore evaluated and compared long-term outcomes regarding cosmesis and chronic pain after SPL and MPL.
Methods
We conducted a comparative study with propensity score matching of all patients undergoing SPL or MPL between October 2008 and December 2013 in terms of postoperative cosmetic results and chronic pain. Follow-up data were obtained from mailed patient questionnaires and telephone interviews. Postoperative cosmesis was assessed using the patients overall scar opinion on a 10-point scale and the Patients scale of the standardized Patient and Observer Scar assessment scale (POSAS). Chronic pain was assessed by 10-point scales for abdominal and umbilical scar pain.
Results
A total of 280 patients were included in the study with 188 patients (67.1%) after SPL and 92 patients (32.9%) following MPL. 141 patients (50.4%) underwent a cholecystectomy and 139 patients (49.6%) underwent an appendectomy. The mean follow-up time was 61.1 ± 19.1 months. The mean wound satisfaction assed by the overall scar and the PSOAS Patients scale score of the patients showed no significant difference between MPL and SPL. Patients after SPL reported more overall complains than after MPL (8.7% vs. 2.5%, respectively), but without statistical significance (
p
= 0.321). Umbilical pain scores were comparable between the two groups (1.4 ± 1.0 vs. 1.4 ± 1.0,
p
= 0.831).
Conclusion
We found no difference in long-term cosmetic outcomes after SPL and MPL. Chronic pain at the umbilical incision site was comparable on the long run.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the wound complication rate in patients undergoing transumbilical single-incision laparoscopic (SIL) surgery.
BACKGROUND:SIL surgery claims to be less invasive than conventional ...laparoscopy. Small SIL series have raised concerns toward a higher wound complication rate related to the transumbilical incision.
METHODS:In a 44-month period, 1145 consecutive SIL procedures were included. The outcomes were assessed according to the intention-to-treat analysis principle. All procedures were followed for a minimum of 6 months postoperatively, and wound complications were recorded as bleeding, infection (superficial/deep), or hernia. Patients were classified as having a wound complication or not. For all comparisons, significance level was set at P < 0.05.
RESULTS:Pure transumbilical SIL surgery was completed in 92.84%, and additional trocars were used in 7.16%. After a median follow-up of 22.1 (range, 7.67–41.11) months, 29 wound complications (2.53%) had occurred bleeding 0%/infection 1.05% (superficial 0.9%/deep 0.17%)/early-onset hernia 0.09%/late-onset hernia 1.40%, respectively. Factors associated with complications were higher patient body mass index (28.16 ± 4.73 vs 26.40 ± 4.68 kg/m; P = 0.029), longer skin incisions (3.77 ± 1.62 vs 2.96 ± 1.06 cm; P = 0.012), and multiport SIL versus single-port SIL (8.47% vs 2.38%; P = 0.019) in complicated versus uncomplicated procedures. Furthermore, a learning curve effect was noted after 500 procedures (P = 0.015).
CONCLUSIONS:With transumbilical SIL surgery, the incidence of wound complications is acceptable low and is further reduced once the learning curve has been passed.
Background
Oncological esophageal surgery has evolved significantly in the last decades. From open esophagectomy over (hybrid) minimally invasive surgery, nowadays, robot-assisted minimally invasive ...esophagectomy (RAMIE) approaches are applied. Current techniques require an analysis of possible advantages and disadvantages indicating the direction towards a novel gold standard.
Methods
Robot-assisted Ivor Lewis esophagectomies, performed in the period from April 2017 to June 2019 in five German centers (Berlin, Cologne, Hamburg, Kiel, Mainz), were included in this study. Pre-, intra-, and postoperative parameters were assessed. Cases were grouped for hybrid (H-RAMIE) versus totally robot-assisted (T-RAMIE) approaches. Postoperative parameters and complications were compared using risk ratios.
Results
A total of 175 operations were performed as T-RAMIE and 67 as H-RAMIE. Patient age (median age 62 years) and sex (83.1% male) were similarly distributed in both groups. Median duration of esophagectomy was significantly lower in the T-RAMIE group (385 versus 427 min, p < 0.001). The risks of “overall morbidity” (32.0 versus 47.8%; risk ratio RR, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.5, 1.1–2.1; p = 0.026), “anastomotic leak” (10.3 versus 22.4%; RR, CI: 2.2, 1.2–4.1; p = 0.020), and “respiratory failure” (1.1 versus 7.5%; RR, CI: 6.5, 1.3–32.9; p = 0.019) were significantly higher in case of H-RAMIE.
Conclusions
In the five participating German centers, T-RAMIE was the preferred procedure (72.3% of operations). In comparison to H-RAMIE, T-RAMIE was associated with a significantly reduced risk of postoperative morbidity, anastomotic leak, and respiratory failure as well as a significantly reduced time necessary for esophagectomy.
Background
Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) is growing in popularity. The increased diameter of the umbilical incision might raise questions about the possibility of a greater risk of ...postoperative incisional hernia in comparison to conventional laparoscopy. This study aims to disclose the frequency of incisional hernia after SILS in long-term follow-up as well as to reveal the factors predisposing patients to this feared complication.
Methods
The patient collective consists of cholecystectomy and appendectomy patients, who were operated on using SILS technique. Follow-up was achieved through letter correspondence, telephone interview, and clinical examination. Effects of demographic variables and operative parameters including age, sex, BMI, ASA score, duration of surgery, pre-existing hernia as well as postoperative incidence of incisional hernia were investigated using univariate and multivariate analyses.
Results
A total of 286 cases with complete follow-up were included in the analyses. Mean follow-up duration was 58.4 months. 192 patients (67.1%) underwent cholecystectomy; 94 (32.9%) had an appendectomy. The study collective consisted of 218 women (76.2%) and 68 men (23.8%). Mean age at the date of the operation was 38.5 (median 36, range 13–74). In 5 cases (1.7%), the surgical approach was converted into conventional laparoscopy. Intraoperative complication rate was 0.3% and postoperative complication rate was 5.9%. 7 patients (2.4%) developed an incisional hernia. Obese patients had an incisional hernia incidence of 10.9%. 3 out of 19 patients (15.8%) with a pre-existing umbilical hernia developed an incisional hernia during follow-up. Obesity and pre-existing umbilical hernia proved to have a significant association with incisional hernia incidence in univariate and multivariate analyses. Sex, age, procedure (appendectomy vs cholecystectomy), presence of acute inflammation, and duration of surgery did not show a statistically significant association with incisional hernia.
Conclusion
Detection of incisional hernia necessitates a long follow-up duration. Obesity and pre-existing umbilical hernia are associated with a higher incidence of this complication. Following a careful patient selection, SILS offers a safe approach for cholecystectomy and appendectomy procedures.
Pancreatic fistulas are highly feared complications following surgery on or near the pancreas, abdominal trauma, or severe inflammation. These fistulas arise from leaks in the pancreatic ductal ...system, leading to various complications such as abscesses, delayed gastric emptying, and hemorrhage. Severe cases present with sepsis or organ failure, dramatically increasing mortality and morbidity. Risk factors include smoking, high BMI, male gender, age, and surgery-related factors like prolonged operation time and non-ligation of the main pancreatic duct. Therefore, treatment options and preventive measurements have become a hot topic in recent years. Studies have investigated the use of fibrin sealants, different closure methods, and less invasive surgical techniques. Treatment options consist of conservative measurements and the use of percutaneous drainage, prophylactic transpapillary stenting, and surgery in severe cases. As EUS has become widely available, transmural stenting started to influence the management of pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs). However, studies on its use for the management of pancreatic fistulas are lacking. Medical treatment options like somatostatin analogs and pasireotide have been investigated but yielded mixed results.
Recent Advances in Laparoscopy Alkatout, Ibrahim; Biebl, Matthias
Journal of clinical medicine,
01/2021, Letnik:
10, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
At the end of 2019, we received reports of abnormally high rates of severe pneumonia and mortality in a city named Wuhan in the province of Hubei in China ....
Robotic low anterior resection (RLAR) and transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) are novel surgical techniques for resection of rectal cancer. To our knowledge, no data exist on direct ...comparison of these procedures in terms of oncological or functional parameters.
60 RLAR and 55 TaTME for rectal cancer were compared in respect to patient characteristics, clinicopathological parameters, intraoperative and perioperative results and anatomopathological outcome.
62 surgeries addressed tumors of the lower third (53.9%). No intergroup differences in terms of patient characteristics and clinicopathological parameters were observed. Operating time did not differ between groups (p = 0.312), nor did the perioperative complication rate (p = 0.176). Circumferential resection margin was wider in the RLAR than in the TaTME group (p < 0.001), while no differences were found in the remaining oncological parameters.
Our study shows comparable results for RLAR and TaTME in rectal cancer treatment. Both procedures should be considered equally feasible for low rectal cancer cases and as an alternative to conventional anterior resections (open or laparoscopic). Furthermore, both techniques allow excellent oncological outcome especially in patients with anatomical limitations.
The gastroesophageal squamocolumnar junction (GE-SCJ) is a critical tissue interface between the esophagus and stomach, with significant relevance in the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal diseases. ...Despite this, the molecular mechanisms underlying GE-SCJ development remain unclear. Using single-cell transcriptomics, organoids, and spatial analysis, we examine the cellular heterogeneity and spatiotemporal dynamics of GE-SCJ development from embryonic to adult mice. We identify distinct transcriptional states and signaling pathways in the epithelial and mesenchymal compartments of the esophagus and stomach during development. Fibroblast-epithelial interactions are mediated by various signaling pathways, including WNT, BMP, TGF-β, FGF, EGF, and PDGF. Our results suggest that fibroblasts predominantly send FGF and TGF-β signals to the epithelia, while epithelial cells mainly send PDGF and EGF signals to fibroblasts. We observe differences in the ligands and receptors involved in cell-cell communication between the esophagus and stomach. Our findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying GE-SCJ development and fibroblast-epithelial crosstalk involved, paving the way to elucidate mechanisms during adaptive metaplasia development and carcinogenesis.
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