The example of the practices of three eighteenth and nineteenth century physicians, the author points out the importance of the profile of healers whose role (suggestion) in the healing process was ...more effective than their controversial methods. The following represents the impact mechanisms of suggestion (placebo effect) on the amazing healing phenomenon, indicating the possibility of the fatal consequences of suggestion in the context of (black) magic (nocebo effect), corroborating the facts stated. It warns of the frequent confusion of the fields of psychology and religion (the resuscitation of Mesalianism, the ancient misconception of confusing authentic spiritual experiences with psychological states), which has become the dominant feature of New Age self-help literature and psychology. It concludes with Christian miracle theology and features of Christian prayer for healing, suggesting guidelines useful for the pastoral and therapeutic work that has been derived from this research.
Iz dosadašnjih uradaka o eneagramu na hrvatskom jeziku razvidno je razmimoilaženje autora u razumijevanju njegove naravi. Eneagram je, prema jednima, psihološka metoda samospoznaje, nalik opisu ...karaktera, po drugima je riječ o metodi duhovnoga razvoja, te je pod svaku cijenu pokušavaju »kristijanizirati« ili barem predstaviti kompatibilnom s kršćanstvom (i drugim religijama). Kritičari eneagrama ukazuju na njegove ezoterijsko-numerološke i opskurne korijene, dok new age u njemu pronalazi povlaštenu metodu koja najizvrsnije izražava njegov sinkretistički svjetonazor u kojemu istovremeno do izražaja dolaze duhovnost, psihologija i gnoza. Ovim člankom autor osvjetljava podrijetlo i narav eneagrama, njegovu neiscrpnu sposobnost mutiranja, predstavlja njegove protagoniste, razlučuje pojmove i, na kraju, donosi kritička zapažanja.
U sedam govora prigodom prvoga pastoralnog pohoda pape Benedikta XVI. Hrvatskoj 4. i 5. lipnja 2011. godine autor članka analizira osobitosti Papina poimanja savjesti i značenja njezina oblikovanja u ...širem filozofsko-teološkom opusu kardinala Josepha Ratzingera i to u specifičnom povijesnom kontekstu pridruživanja Hrvatske Europskoj uniji. Mišljenje je autora da je poziv na oblikovanje savjesti upućen u Hrvatskom narodnom kazalištu krunska poruka Papina pohoda Hrvatskoj prigodom održavanja prvoga Nacionalnog susreta hrvatskih katoličkih obitelji, time ne umanjujući značaj samog povoda Papina dolaska. Štoviše, iz ovoga članka proizlazi da Papa u obitelji, Crkvi i hrvatskoj naciji, pozivajući pritom Hrvatsku na proročko svjedočanstvo u Europskoj uniji, vidi privilegirana mjesta oblikovanja savjesti, bez koje budućnosti nema ni Hrvatska, a ni Europska unija.
U članku su pojmovi »osoba« i »čakre« predstavljeni u svome izvornom kontekstu, kao temelji specifičnih antropologija i stupovi dviju autonomnih kultura. Osoba je simbol i os zapadne (kršćanske) a ...čakre indijske (tantričke) antropologije. Oba pojma su istovremeno »sveta« i »profana«. Temelj su vlastite antropologije, soteriologije, teologije, filozofije i, među ostalim, medicine. Čakre su prijelazom na Zapad, što nas u ovom članku prvenstveno zanima, doživjele značajnu inverziju. Njihovo značenje u tantrizmu, gdje izvorno predstavljaju sredstvo postizanja spasenja, na Zapadu je reinterpretirano, profanizirano i reducirano na sredstvo za postizanje zdravlja. Antropologija na bazi čakri postala je na Zapadu okosnica mnogih alternativnih iscjeliteljskih tehnika (od istočnjačkih, preko gnostičkih i magijskih, sve do newageovskih) iza kojih stoji (pseudo)tantrička soteriologija. Holistička medicina, koja se priziva na antropologiju na bazi čakri ima ambiciju iscijeliti ne samo čovjekovu psihosomatsku dimenziju, nego i njegovu dušu, što kršćanstvo stavlja pred određene izazove koji traže primjeren filozofsko-teološki odgovor. Autor, na kraju, predlaže sedam kriterija kao orijentir osobama pri odabiru pojedinih alternativnih iscjeliteljskih tehnika.
Background: Empowerment is a leadership style where the leader gives away power and therefore provides freedom to the follower to successfully do what they want to do instead of what the leader want ...them to do (Whetten & Cameron, 2014). It is said that leader often fail when they have the incapability to motivate and manage their followers. Purpose: This thesis tend to examine what motives followers in order to locate if empowerment is a potential leadership style that can increase follower’s dedication and contribution within their workplace. . Method: This research contains of a qualitative study with direct questions with an influence of open ended questions in order to capture the respondent’s personal opinions. The authors uses an abductive reasoning with an interpretivism philosophy as well with an exploratory approach. Conclusion: The author’s conclusion is that the respondents of the research were not aware of the leadership style empowerment. However, all respondents had a positive attitude to the description of empowerment. This could show an indication that there is always a search for new leadership styles and empowerment is a style that could help followers to improve their contribution and dedication at their workplace.
The introduction of fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks leads to an increase in energy consumption and higher operational costs for mobile network operators (MNOs). Consequently, the optimization ...of 5G networks' energy efficiency is crucial, both in terms of reducing MNO costs and in terms of the negative environmental impact. However, many aspects of the 5G mobile network technology itself have been standardized, including the 5G network slicing concept. This enables the creation of multiple independent logical 5G networks within the same physical infrastructure. Since the only necessary resources in 5G networks need to be used for the realization of a specific 5G network slice, the question of whether the implementation of 5G network slicing can contribute to the improvement of 5G and future sixth-generation networks' energy efficiency arises. To tackle this question, this review paper analyzes 5G network slicing and the energy demand of different network slicing use cases and mobile virtual network operator realizations based on network slicing. The paper also overviews standardized key performance indicators for the assessment of 5G network slices' energy efficiency and discusses energy efficiency in 5G network slicing lifecycle management. In particular, to show how efficient network slicing can optimize the energy consumption of 5G networks, versatile 5G network slicing use case scenarios, approaches, and resource allocation concepts in the space, time, and frequency domains have been discussed, including artificial intelligence-based implementations of network slicing. The results of the comprehensive discussion indicate that the different implementations and approaches to network slicing pave the way for possible further reductions in 5G MNO energy costs and carbon dioxide emissions in the future.
Glucosinolates (GSLs) are a unique class of thioglucosides that evolved as defense mechanisms in the 16 families of the Brassicales order and present molecular tags which can be placed in a robust ...phylogenetic framework through investigations into their evolution and diversity. The GSL profiles of three Resedaceae species,
,
, and
, were examined qualitatively and quantitatively with respect to their desulfo-counterparts utilizing UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS. In addition, NMR analysis of isolated 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl desulfoGSL (
) was performed. Three Phe-derived GSLs were found in
, including glucotropaeolin (
) (0.6-106.69 mol g
DW), 2-(α-L-ramnopyranosyloxy)benzyl GSL (
) (8.10-57.89 μmol g
DW), glucolepigramin (
) (8.66 μmol g
DW in flower), and Trp-derived glucobrassicin (
) (0.76-5.92 μmol g
DW). The Phe-derived GSLs
(50.79-164.37 μmol g
DW), gluconasturtiin (
) (1.97 μmol g
DW), and
(tr), as well as the Trp-derived GSL glucobrassicin (
) (3.13-11.26 μmol g
DW), were all present in
.
also contained Phe-derived
(0.10-107.77 μmol g
DW), followed by Trp-derived
(0.85-3.50 μmol g
DW) and neoglucobrassicin (
) (0.23-2.74 μmol g
DW). However, regarding the GSLs in
, which originated from Leu biosynthesis,
was the major GSL (6.48 to 52.72 μmol g
DW) and isobutyl GSL (
) was the minor GSL (0.13 to 1.13 μmol g
DW). The discovered
profiles, along with new evidence provided by GSL characterizations, were studied in the context of the current knowledge on GLSs in the Resedaceae family. With the exception of
, the aliphatic GSLs of which were outliers among the Resedaceae species studied, this family typically contains GSLs derived primarily from Trp and Phe biosynthesis, which modifications resulted in GSLs unique to this family, implying presence of the specific genes. responsible for this diversification.
Glucosinolates (GSLs) are a unique class of thioglucosides that evolved as defense mechanisms in the 16 families of the Brassicales order and present molecular tags which can be placed in a robust ...phylogenetic framework through investigations into their evolution and diversity. The GSL profiles of three Resedaceae species, Reseda alba, R. lutea, and R. phyteuma, were examined qualitatively and quantitatively with respect to their desulfo-counterparts utilizing UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS. In addition, NMR analysis of isolated 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl desulfoGSL (d31) was performed. Three Phe-derived GSLs were found in R. lutea, including glucotropaeolin (11) (0.6–106.69 mol gsup.−1 DW), 2-(α-L-ramnopyranosyloxy)benzyl GSL (109) (8.10–57.89 μmol gsup.−1 DW), glucolepigramin (22) (8.66 μmol gsup.−1 DW in flower), and Trp-derived glucobrassicin (43) (0.76–5.92 μmol gsup.−1 DW). The Phe-derived GSLs 109 (50.79–164.37 μmol gsup.−1 DW), gluconasturtiin (105) (1.97 μmol gsup.−1 DW), and 11 (tr), as well as the Trp-derived GSL glucobrassicin (43) (3.13–11.26 μmol gsup.−1 DW), were all present in R. phyteuma. R. alba also contained Phe-derived 105 (0.10–107.77 μmol gsup.−1 DW), followed by Trp-derived 43 (0.85–3.50 μmol gsup.−1 DW) and neoglucobrassicin (47) (0.23–2.74 μmol gsup.−1 DW). However, regarding the GSLs in R. alba, which originated from Leu biosynthesis, 31 was the major GSL (6.48 to 52.72 μmol gsup.−1 DW) and isobutyl GSL (62) was the minor GSL (0.13 to 1.13 μmol gsup.−1 DW). The discovered Reseda profiles, along with new evidence provided by GSL characterizations, were studied in the context of the current knowledge on GLSs in the Resedaceae family. With the exception of R. alba, the aliphatic GSLs of which were outliers among the Resedaceae species studied, this family typically contains GSLs derived primarily from Trp and Phe biosynthesis, which modifications resulted in GSLs unique to this family, implying presence of the specific genes. responsible for this diversification.
Four derivatives of thymol, carvacrol, and eugenol were synthesized: 4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-isopropyl-2-methylphenol, 4,4′-methylenebis(5-isopropyl-2-methyl)phenol, ...4-allyl-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxyphenol, and 4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol. The obtained derivatives showed remarkably better antioxidative properties according to 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay (50% inhibitory concentrations = 4–156 µg/mL) and Rancimat assay (protection factors = 1.55–5.84) when compared with parent compounds and values similar to or better than those of butylated hydroxytoluene and vitamin C. At concentrations of 10 mM carvacrol derivatives had no toxic effect on viability of Escherichia coli K-12 (determined by minimum inhibitory concentrations). Other phenol derivatives showed reduced cytotoxic effect on E. coli K-12 at concentrations of 2–5 mM on the basis of 50% lethal dose measurements. In comparison with the parent compounds, phenol derivatives showed reduced cytotoxic effect for Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells (determined by yeast colony reduction). On the other hand, the majority of synthesized compounds had dose-dependent antiproliferative effects on human uterine carcinoma cells (HeLa), which makes them potentially interesting for the adjuvant experimental cancer treatments. The 4,4′-methylenebis(5-isopropyl-2-methyl)phenol derivative of carvacrol showed lower inhibiting capacity also for the HeLa cells, which makes this particular derivative attractive as an efficient antioxidant with negligible cytotoxic effects.
