Alkali contamination of soils results in repeated structural failure when exposed. Though the effects of alkali on different soils have been investigated in recent years, a systematic research ...approach aimed at establishing swell behavior in non-swelling kaolinitic clays when exposed continuously with varying concentrations of alkali solution as pore fluid and its micro-level investigation is not well documented. Series of one-dimensional free swell tests and micro-level studies (XRD, SEM) have been carried out to investigate the alkali induced swell in non-swelling kaolinitic clays. Naturally available red earth and two commercial clays, namely ball clay and china clay, which predominantly contains kaolinite mineral are selected for the study. The swell test results showed that all three clays exhibited high swelling with alkali solutions (0.1N, 1N, 4N, 8N) when compared with water. The magnitude of swell observed in clays interacted with alkali solution ranged from a minimum of 8% to maximum of 56% depending upon the concentrations exposed. China clay showed a minimum swell of 8% with 8N alkali solution to a maximum swell of 22% with 4N alkali solution and red earth showed a minimum swell of 18% with 8N alkali solution to a maximum of 27% with 0.1N alkali solution. Whereas, ball clay showed a minimum swell of 12% with 0.1N alkali solution and maximum swell of 56% with 8N alkali solution. The resulted magnitude of alkali induced swell in clays is attributed to dispersion of clay particles and new mineral formations. To explore the formation of new minerals and morphological transformations a micro-level investigation is carried out on representative samples collected at the end of free swell tests. The formation of zeolite minerals viz. sodalite and cancrinite were evidenced from XRD results and rosette type structures were observed from SEM studies.
•Interaction between sodium hydroxide solutions and Kaolinitic clays.•Swelling behavior and microstructure of contaminated clays.•Role of mineralogy and particle dispersion on swelling behavior.•Zeolite mineral formations and rosette type microstructure formations of contaminated clays.
Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors have shown activity in relapsed or refractory (R/R) indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (iNHL). PI3K inhibitors have been hampered by poor long-term ...tolerability and toxicity, which interfere with continuous use. Umbralisib, a dual inhibitor of PI3Kδ/casein kinase-1ε, exhibits improved selectivity for PI3Kδ compared with other PI3K inhibitors. This phase IIb trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of umbralisib in patients with R/R iNHL.
In this multicohort, open-label, phase IIb study, 208 patients with R/R marginal zone, follicular, or small lymphocytic lymphoma (MZL, FL, or SLL) unresponsive to prior treatments (≥ 1 MZL; ≥ 2 FL/SLL), including ≥ 1 anti-CD20-based therapy, were administered umbralisib 800 mg orally once daily until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or study withdrawal. Primary end point is overall response rate; secondary end points include time to response, duration of response, progression-free survival, and safety.
The median follow-up is 27.7 months (efficacy) and 21.4 months (safety). The overall response rate was 47.1%, and tumor reduction occurred in 86.4% of patients. The median time to response was 2.7-4.6 months. The median duration of response was not reached for MZL, 11.1 months for FL, and 18.3 months for SLL. Median progression-free survival was not reached for MZL, 10.6 months for FL, and 20.9 months for SLL. At least one grade ≥ 3 treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) was reported in 53.4% of patients. TEAEs led to umbralisib discontinuation in 32 patients (15.4%). A total of 31 patients (14.9%) discontinued because of a treatment-related adverse event. Grade ≥ 3 TEAEs reported in ≥ 10% of patients: neutropenia (11.5%) and diarrhea (10.1%). Increased ALT/AST (grade ≥ 3) occurred in 6.7%/7.2% of patients.
Umbralisib achieved meaningful clinical activity in heavily pretreated patients with iNHL. The safety profile was manageable, with a relatively low incidence of immune-mediated toxicities and adverse event-related discontinuations.
To date, many orthodontist corrects malocclusion based on patients aesthetic concern and fails to correct the compensatory curves. This scenario is due to less insight on understanding relationship ...of compensatory curves and its correlation in treatment prognosis.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the curve of Spee, curve of Monson and curve of Wilson, their influence on dentoskeletal morphology and their contribution to occlusal stability.
This study included 104 non-orthodontic models. The study casts were subdivided into two groups, Group-I consist 52 non- orthodontic models with Class-I molar relationship and Group-II consist of 52 non- orthodontic models with Class-II molar relationship. Curve of Spee was measured with digital vernier caliper, curve of Monson estimated using specially made sphere (7″inch, 8″ inch and 9″inch) and curve of Wilson was evaluated using Cone Beam Computed Technology (CBCT).
Mean value for curve of Spee obtained for Group I and Group II is 1.844 mm and 3.188 mm. For curve of Monson, the mean value obtained for Group I and Group-II is 7.65 inches and 7.40 inches. The mean degree obtained for the curve of Wilson for Group I and Group-II is 12.05 and 16.49. The result showed positive correlation between curve of Spee and curve of Wilson and no correlation between curve of Monson and curve of Wilson and no correlation between curve of Spee and curve of Monson. The Pearson correlation coefficient analysis from the study confirmed these results.
The results showed positive correlation between curve of spee and curve of Wilson. The data found in this study can be applied clinically for Class I and Class II malocclusion patients on diagnosis and treatment planning.
Spices has been a prime source of livelihood for millions of people and above 3 million farmers are engaged directly or indirectly in spices cultivation, processing, manufacturing grading, marketing ...and other allied activities. So the spices industry is a prominent place over the past seven decades. India is being a world largest producer and exporter. The sustainability of Indian spices industry is mainly depends on exports. India is now facing stiff competition from many developing countries. The Indian spices processing industry have the various problems like availability of raw material, unscientific production methods, Marketing problems etc. The world exports of spices fluctuated during the period under study. Indian spices exports have more than doubled in between 2008 to 2015. Thus many reasons can be attributed to the fluctuation of exports during this period, such as increase in food prices, inflation, world recession etc. However the actual exports gained momentum after 2011. The present paper reviews the export performance of Indian spices
A series of new biologically active phenyl N,N
′
-phenyl phosphorodiamidates were synthesized by reacting phenyl phenylphosphoramidochoridate with various amines. All the newly synthesized compounds ...3a-j were tested for their antioxidant activity by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
) and nitric oxide (NO) methods. In all the three methods the compounds 3c (phenyl N-(6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-N′-phenyl-phosphorodiamidate) and 3e (phenyl N-(5-ethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-N′-phenylphosphorodiamidate) showed good radical scavenging activity.
In India, Labeo rohita is widely cultured and consumed freshwater fish. Aeromonads are etiological agents of major bacterial fish diseases like furunculosis, haemorrhagic septicaemia, skin ulcers, ...fin/tail rot and dropsy, causing significant economic losses in carp culture. Aeromonas species are widely distributed in aquatic environment which is considered as important vehicle of Aeromonas infections to fish and humans. Some of the Aeromonas spp. causes gastroenteritis, septicaemia, peritonitis, meningitis and eye infections in humans. In the present study Aeromonas species were isolated from diseased freshwater fish Labeo rohita collected from two districts viz., West Godavari and SPSR Nellore of Andhra Pradesh, India. A Total of 12 Aeromonas spp. were isolated and identified by biochemical tests. A. veronii bv. veronii (35%) was dominant when compared to other Aeromonas spp. Further, Antimicrobial resistance and multiple Antimicrobial resistance (MAR) of all Aeromonas spp. were tested against 17 antibiotics being frequently used for human diseases. The Antimicrobial resistance of all the 12 Aeromonas spp. have shown significantly high (p<0.05) resistance (100%) to ampicillin, amoxyclave and oxytetracycline except A. cavernicola when compared to other antibiotics. The MAR index of Aeromonas spp. ranged from 0.18-0.76, which indicates origination of isolated Aeromonas spp. from high risk sources of contamination. A. hydrophila, A. veronii bv. sobria, A. veronii bv. veronii, A. schubertii and A. jandaei isolated in this study were found to be pathogenic to humans also. The results revealed the pathogenic potential of Aeromonas infections in freshwater fish culture and emerging threats to public health.
BACKGROUND Prostate is an associated gland of the male reproductive system. Worldwide, among the men, prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common cancer. PC is the seventh commonest cancers among ...the Indian male. Studies reported that diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and dynamic contrast enhanced imaging (DCE-MRI), can offer additional value in localizing cancer. A study was conducted to evaluate and correlate the role of DWI in detection and staging of PC and correlation with histopathology. METHODS A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, GSL Medical College, over a period of 18 months. Males with symptoms of nocturia, urinary urgency, frequency, hesitancy and bone pain were included in the study. Trans rectal ultrasound scan (TRUS) biopsy was collected, Gleason‘s score (GS) was considered for the histopathologic analysis. The evaluation of DWI as a tool for detection of PC was based on comparing the sensitivity and specificity of the results after taking histopathology as the gold standard test chi-square test was used to find the statistical significance and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Total, 36 (82 %) were diagnosed to be malignant, maximum number (18; 50 %) were between 61 – 70 years age group. Peripheral zone is the most common (61.2 %; 22) area for the PC followed by transitional (33.3 %) and central zone (5.5 %). In this study, 16.6 % members had GS ≤6; Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was ranged between 0.81 to 0.87 and mean + SD were 0.85 + 0.02. Out of the 22.2 % members whose GS was 7, the mean + SD ADC were 0.74 ± 0.02. For 22 (61 %) members, GS was >8; the mean + SD ADC was 0.63 ± 0.08; statistically there was significant difference between the parameters. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed that 61.3 % (27) cases as highly suspicious, 25 % (11) as probably malignant and 13.6 % (6) as indeterminate; the sensitivity for MRI was 94.5 % and specificity was 85.7 %. CONCLUSIONS Patients with increased prostate specific antigen (PSA), multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MPMRI) is valuable, non-invasive and a better option to detect PC. Also helps in localizing the exact location. KEYWORDS Cancer, Tumour, Biopsy, Study
Background: Umbralisib is an oral, once-daily, dual inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-delta (PI3Kδ) and casein kinase-1ε (CK1ε) that exhibits improved selectivity for the delta isoform of ...PI3K. The UNITY-NHL trial (NCT02793583) is a multicenter, open-label, registration directed Phase 2 study designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of umbralisib in previously treated NHL patients (pts). Previously reported results in pts with relapsed/refractory (R/R) marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) demonstrated that umbralisib was active with a manageable safety profile. In contrast with other PI3K inhibitors, there was a low incidence of immune-mediated toxicities with umbralisib, possibly attributable to enhanced selectivity for the PI3Kδ isoform as well as inhibition of CK1ε. Herein, we present results from the final analysis of the iNHL population treated with single agent umbralisib.
Methods: Eligible pts had histologically confirmed iNHL: MZL (splenic, nodal, extranodal), follicular lymphoma (FL; Gr 1, 2, 3a), or small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). MZL pts were R/R to ≥1 prior lines of treatment, which must have included an anti-CD20, while FL and SLL pts were R/R to ≥2 prior lines, which had to include an anti-CD20 and an alkylating agent. Umbralisib was administered orally at 800 mg once-daily in 28-day treatment cycles until disease progression or unacceptable tolerability. The primary endpoint of the study was overall response rate (ORR) as assessed by an independent review committee (IRC), according to the revised IWG criteria (Cheson 2007). Secondary endpoints included duration of response (DoR), progression-free survival (PFS), time to response (TTR), and safety. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) and anti-viral prophylaxis were mandated for all pts.
Results: 208 iNHL pts received at least 1 dose of umbralisib, including 69 MZL, 117 FL, and 22 SLL pts. The median duration of exposure was 8.4 mos (range 0.2 - 27.0), median age was 66, and 56.7% were male. Pts had received a median of 2 prior regimens (range 1 - 10) with 46.1% having received ≥ 3 regimens. FL patients had a median of 3 prior regimens.
With a median follow up of 27.8 mos, MZL pts had an ORR of 49.3% (95% CI 37.0% - 61.6%) with 15.9% achieving a complete response (CR), and a Disease Control Rate (DCR: CR+PR+SD) of 82.6%. ORR was consistent amongst MZL subtypes. The median TTR was 2.8 months (95% CI 2.7 - 2.9). The median profession-free survival (PFS) was not reached (95% CI 12.1 mos - not evaluable NE) with an estimated 12-month PFS rate of 64.2%. The median DoR was not reached (95% CI 10.3 mos - NE), and no pts who achieved CR have experienced disease progression to date.
With a median follow up of 27.5 mos, FL pts had an ORR of 45.3% (95% CI 36.1% - 54.8%) with 5.1% achieving a CR, and a DCR of 79.5%. The median TTR was 4.6 mos (95% CI 3.0 - 5.6). The median PFS was 10.6 mos (95% CI 7.2 - 13.7) with an estimated 12-month PFS rate of 45.9%. The median DoR was 11.1 mos (95% CI 8.3 - 15.6).
With a median follow up of 29.3 mos, SLL pts had an ORR of 50.0% (95% CI 28.2 - 71.8) with 4.5% achieving a CR, and a DCR of 86.4%. The median TTR was 2.7 mos (95% CI 2.4 - 2.8). The median PFS was 20.9 mos (95% CI 7.4 - 24.1) with an estimated 12-month PFS rate of 62.6%. The median DoR was 18.3 mos (95% CI 2.4 - NE).
Best % change in target lesions form baseline for pts with at least one post-baseline assessment is shown in the figure.
At the data cut-off, 60 pts (26 MZL, 27 FL, 7 SLL) remained on treatment. The most common ≥G3 AEs were neutropenia (11.5%), diarrhea (10.1%) and increased ALT/AST (7.2%). Other AEs of interest included pneumonitis (All G 1.4%; ≥G3 1.0%), and colitis (All G 1.4%; ≥G3 0.5%). Serious AEs were reported in 28.1% of pts, with 24.6% ≥G3. One patient with SLL had a fatal myocardial infarction (unrelated to umbralisib); there were no other G5 AEs. A total of 31 pts (14.9%) discontinued due a treatment-related adverse event (AE). Treatment-related AEs leading to dose reductions occurred in 20 (9.6%) pts.
Conclusions: In the Phase 2 UNITY-NHL study, umbralisib achieved meaningful clinical activity in a heavily pretreated iNHL population. The safety profile was manageable, with a relatively low incidence of immune-mediated toxicities and AE-related discontinuations. These results suggest umbralisib has a favorable benefit-risk profile in this patient population and further development is ongoing.
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Zinzani:Kirin Kyowa: Honoraria, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Merck: Honoraria, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Kyowa Kirin: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; MSD: Consultancy, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; ADC Therapeutics: Honoraria, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Immune Design: Consultancy, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Portola: Consultancy, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Eusapharma: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Incyte: Honoraria, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Honoraria, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; TG Therapeutics, Inc.: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Servier: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Immune Design: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Verastem: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Janssen-Cilag: Consultancy, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; EUSA Pharma: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Sanofi: Consultancy, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; AbbVie: Honoraria, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Sandoz: Consultancy, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Celltrion: Consultancy, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Jurczak:Sandoz-Novartis: Consultancy; Afimed: Research Funding; Acerta: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Research Funding; Bayer: Research Funding; Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow, Poland: Current Employment; TG Therapeutics, Inc.: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; Servier: Research Funding; Takeda: Research Funding; Roche: Research Funding; Merck: Research Funding; MEI Pharma: Research Funding; Janssen China R&D: Consultancy, Research Funding; BeiGene: Consultancy, Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Consultancy; European Medicines Agency,: Consultancy; Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland: Ended employment in the past 24 months; Epizyme: Consultancy; Gilead Sciences: Research Funding; MorphoSys: Research Funding; Nordic Nanovector: Research Funding. Ghosh:Kite/Gilead: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Juno/Celgene/Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; SGN: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; TG Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Roche/Genentech: Research Funding; Karyopharm: Consultancy; Genmab: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; AbbVie: Speakers Bureau; AstraZeneca: Speakers Bureau; Celgene/Bristol-Myers Squibb: Speakers Bureau; Forty Seven Inc: Consultancy, Other: Research Bureau, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Derenzini:TG Therapeutics, Inc.: Research Funding. Cheah:Celgene, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, MSD, Janssen, Gilead, Ascentage Pharma, Acerta, Loxo Oncology, TG therapeutics: Honoraria; Celgene, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Abbvie, MSD: Research Funding. Phillips:Karyopharm: Consultancy; Beigene: Consultancy; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy; BMS: Consultancy; Abbvie: Consultancy, Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Consultancy; Incyte: Consultancy, Other: travel expenses; Cardinal Health: Consultancy; Bayer: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy. Lech-Marańda:Roche, Amgen, Gilead: Speakers Bureau; Roche, Novartis, Takeda, Janssen-Cilag, Amgen, Gilead, AbbVie, Sanofi: Consultancy. Cheson:Abbvie: Consultancy, Research Funding; Kite: Consultancy; TG Therapeutics: Speakers Bureau; Morphosys: Consultancy; Symbio: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Karyopharm: Consultancy, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Jannsen: Consultancy; Parexel: Consultancy; Trillium: Research Funding; GSK: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees. Caimi:Verastem: Other: Advisory Board; Celgene: Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Other: Advisory Board; Bayer: Other: Advisory Board; Kite Pharma: Other: Advisory Board; ADC Therapeutics: Other: Advisory Board, Research Funding. Leslie:BeiGene: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; KitePharma: Consultancy, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bur
Tobacco has been a prime source of livelihood for millions of people and the tobacco industry is providing employment to 36 million people including 6 million farmers, engaged directly or indirectly ...in tobacco cultivation, processing, manufacturing grading, marketing and other allied activities. Indian tobacco industry is in a prominent place over the past six decades. India is world's second largest exporter of Flue cured Virginia (FCV) tobacco. The sustainability of Indian tobacco industry, especially FCV tobacco, mainly depends on exports. India is now facing stiff competition from many developing countries. The global exports of FCV tobacco fluctuated during the period under study. In the study period, India's FCV exports has wide fluctuations over the years. In unmanufactured tobacco exports the share of FCV tobacco constituted about 80 per cent. In the study period, there are wide fluctuations in India's FCV tobacco exports to all regions and within the regions except South and South East Asia. This region has some growth in exports.
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