Predicting tree frost tolerance is critical to select adapted species according to both the current and predicted future climate. The relative change in water to carbohydrate ratio is a relevant ...trait to predict frost acclimation in branches from many tree species. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the interspecific genericity of this approach across nine tree species. In the studied angiosperm species, frost hardiness dynamics were best correlated to a decrease in water content at the early stage of acclimation (summer and early autumn). Subsequently, frost hardiness dynamics were more tightly correlated to soluble carbohydrate contents until spring growth resumption. Based on different model formalisms, we predicted frost hardiness at different clade levels (angiosperms, family, genus and species) with high to moderate accuracy (1.5-6.0°C RMSE) and robustness (2.8-6.1°C RMSEP). The TOT model, taking all soluble carbohydrate and polyols into account, was more effective and adapted for large scale studies aiming to explore frost hardiness across a wide range of species. The ISC model taking the individual contribution of each soluble carbohydrate molecule into account was more efficient at finer scale such as family or species. The ISC model performance also suggests that the role of solutes cannot be reduced to a 'bulk' osmotic effect as could be computed if all of them were located in a single, common, compartment. This study provides sets of parameters to predict frost hardiness in a wide range of species, and clues in targeting specific carbohydrate molecules to improve frost hardiness.
Oak (Quercus petraea and Quercus robur), an emblematic species in French forests, has a strong patrimonial value and plays a leading role in the forestry and forest-based industry. However, the ...industry appears to be confronted with major problems (e.g. supply to markets). We tried to better understand and analyse those problems by studying the oak chain in north eastern France (Alsace, Franche-Comté, Lorraine) through interviews conducted with public forest managers and players involved in primary processing. In order to survey a broad range of points of view and have a basis for comparison, the study area also included two Landers in south western Germany (Baden-Wurttemberg, Rhineland-Palatinate). A qualitative analysis of 25 interviews conducted on both sides of the Franco-German border enabled us to identify contrasting views and points of consensus about the issues relating to forest resources, the perception of the sector by the players and the entrepreneurial dynamic. Possible future developments could also be distinguished, some of which are already discussed in the literature while others were particular to this survey.
Le Chêne (Quercus petraea et Quercus robur), essence emblématique de la forêt française, a une valeur patrimoniale forte et joue un rôle majeur dans la filière forêt-bois. Néanmoins, cette filière semble être confrontée à des problèmes importants (par exemple au niveau de l’approvisionnement et des marchés) que nous avons cherché à mieux comprendre et à analyser. Notre étude s’intéresse plus particulièrement à la filière Chêne dans le nord-est de la France (Alsace, Franche-Comté, Lorraine) et se base sur des entretiens réalisés auprès de gestionnaires forestiers publics et d’acteurs de la première transformation. Afin d’obtenir une gamme large de points de vue et de disposer d’éléments de comparaison, la zone d’étude intègre également deux Länder du sud-ouest de l’Allemagne (Bade-Wurtemberg, Rhénanie-Palatinat). L’analyse qualitative de 25 entretiens, réalisés de part et d’autre de la frontière franco-allemande, a permis de dégager des avis divergents et des points de consensus au sujet de thématiques relatives à la ressource forestière, à la perception de la filière par les acteurs et aux dynamiques d’entreprise. Des perspectives d’évolution ont aussi pu être distinguées, comprenant des réflexions déjà évoquées dans la littérature et d’autres plus personnelles à cette étude.
Oak (Quercus petraea and Quercus robur), an emblematic species in French forests, has a strong patrimonial value and plays a leading role in the forestry and forest-based industry. However, the ...industry appears to be confronted with major problems (e.g. supply to markets). We tried to better understand and analyse those problems by studying the oak chain in north eastern France (Alsace, Franche-Comté, Lorraine) through interviews conducted with public forest managers and players involved in primary processing. In order to survey a broad range of points of view and have a basis for comparison, the study area also included two Landers in south western Germany (Baden-Wurttemberg, Rhineland-Palatinate). A qualitative analysis of 25 interviews conducted on both sides of the Franco-German border enabled us to identify contrasting views and points of consensus about the issues relating to forest resources, the perception of the sector by the players and the entrepreneurial dynamic. Possible future developments could also be distinguished, some of which are already discussed in the literature while others were particular to this survey.
Le Chêne (Quercus petraea et Quercus robur), essence emblématique de la forêt française, a une valeur patrimoniale forte et joue un rôle majeur dans la filière forêt-bois. Néanmoins, cette filière semble être confrontée à des problèmes importants (par exemple au niveau de l’approvisionnement et des marchés) que nous avons cherché à mieux comprendre et à analyser. Notre étude s’intéresse plus particulièrement à la filière Chêne dans le nord-est de la France (Alsace, Franche-Comté, Lorraine) et se base sur des entretiens réalisés auprès de gestionnaires forestiers publics et d’acteurs de la première transformation. Afin d’obtenir une gamme large de points de vue et de disposer d’éléments de comparaison, la zone d’étude intègre également deux Länder du sud-ouest de l’Allemagne (Bade-Wurtemberg, Rhénanie-Palatinat). L’analyse qualitative de 25 entretiens, réalisés de part et d’autre de la frontière franco-allemande, a permis de dégager des avis divergents et des points de consensus au sujet de thématiques relatives à la ressource forestière, à la perception de la filière par les acteurs et aux dynamiques d’entreprise. Des perspectives d’évolution ont aussi pu être distinguées, comprenant des réflexions déjà évoquées dans la littérature et d’autres plus personnelles à cette étude.
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