U radu se daje pregled prakse hrvatskoga Ustavnog suda koja se odnosi na zaštitu prava na slobodu izražavanja zajamčenoga člankom 38. Ustava, odnosno čl. 10. Konvencije za zaštitu ljudskih prava i ...temeljnih sloboda. Međutim, to pravo nije apsolutno, budući da njegovim ostvarivanjem može doći do povrede prava drugih na zaštitu njihove privatnosti (osobnosti, časti, ugleda, dostojanstva) zajamčenih člankom 35. Ustava, odnosno čl. 8. Konvencije za zaštitu ljudskih prava. Stoga u ocjeni kojem od tih dvaju, po naravi stvari, suprotstavljenih prava u pojedinom slučaju treba dati prednost, Ustavni sud provodi test razmjernosti propisan čl. 16. Ustava. Polazeći od činjenice da se načini komunikacije i izvješćivanja javnosti sve brže mijenjaju i poprimaju nove oblike, Ustavni sud kontinuirano nadograđuje praksu povezanu s čl. 38. Ustava, odnosno čl. 10. Konvencije koja se odnosi na slobodu mišljenja i izražavanja, uključujući dakako i slobodu medija.
This paper provides an overview of the case-law of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia on the protection of the right to freedom of expression guaranteed in Article 38 of the Croatian Constitution and Article 10 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. However, this right is not absolute as its exercise can violate the privacy rights of others (personality, reputation, honour, dignity) guaranteed in Article 35 of the Croatian Constitution and Article 8 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights. Therefore, in establishing the precedence to be awarded in each individual case to these two, by nature of things opposed, rights, applies the principle of proportionality in Article 16 of the Croatian Constitution. Given that ways and means of communication and informing the public change so fast and take new forms, the Constitutional Court has been continuously upgrading its case-law related to Article 38 of the Constitution and Article 10 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights on freedom of thought and expression, including the freedom of media.
Postupovna obveza provod strok signenja učinkovite istrage postala je načelo koje se ne odnosi samo na postupovni stadij nego i na cjelokupan kazneni postupak. Ustavni sud Republike Hrvatske preuzeo ...je aktivnu ulogu u pronalaženju odgovarajućeg pravnog sredstva koje na nacionalnoj razini omogućava, i prije nego što je iscrpljen dopušteni pravni put, (djelotvorno) razmatranje prigovora zbog neprovod strok signenja istrage kaznenih djela vezanih uz pravo na život iz članka 21. stavka 1. Ustava (članka 2. stavka 1. Konvencije za zaštitu ljudskih prava) i zabranu zlostavljanja (mučenja) iz članka 23. stavka 1. Ustava (članka 3. Konvencije). U radu se daje pregled ustavnosudske prakse u definiranju standarda u odnosu na ta pitanja.
Postupovna obveza provođenja učinkovite istrage postala je načelo
koje se ne odnosi samo na postupovni stadij nego i na cjelokupan
kazneni postupak. Ustavni sud Republike Hrvatske preuzeo je aktivnu
...ulogu u pronalaženju odgovarajućeg pravnog sredstva koje na nacionalnoj
razini omogućava, i prije nego što je iscrpljen dopušteni pravni
put, (djelotvorno) razmatranje prigovora zbog neprovođenja istrage
kaznenih djela vezanih uz pravo na život iz članka 21. stavka 1. Ustava
(članka 2. stavka 1. Konvencije za zaštitu ljudskih prava) i zabranu
zlostavljanja (mučenja) iz članka 23. stavka 1. Ustava (članka 3. Konvencije).
U radu se daje pregled ustavnosudske prakse u definiranju
standarda u odnosu na ta pitanja.
I. Uvodne napomene (pravo na naknadu štete zbog neopravdane osude ili neutemeljenog uhićenja kao individualno ustavno pravo: etičko utemeljenje, postanak i suvremena zakonska razrada; praktična ...primjena u Hrvatskoj). II. Pravna priroda prava na naknadu štete zbog neopravdane osude ili neutemeljenog uhićenja: 1) Općenito 2) Pravo na naknadu štete zbog neopravdane osude ili neutemeljenog uhićenja kao temeljno pravo (u međunarodnom pravu o ljudskim pravima; u ustavnom pravu). III. Zakonske pretpostavke za naknadu štete zbog neopravdane osude ili neutemeljenog uhićenja: 1) Općenito 2) Naknada štete zbog neopravdane osude (Pozitivne pretpostavke: pravomoćna osuda i njezina promjena; negativne pretpostavke: faktične i pravne smetnje za naknadu štete) 3) Naknadu štete zbog neutemeljenog uhićenja ili pritvaranja (Pozitivna pretpostavka: neutemeljeno (neopravdano ili nezakonito) uhićenje ili pritvaranje; Negativna pretpostavka: samoskrivljeno uhićenje ili pritvaranje). IV. Zaključne napomene.
The paper deals with the right to compensation for wrongful conviction or unjustified arrest as a subjective right deriving from the responsibility of the state for such damage under modern civil ...law, developed in the late 19th century. Today it has been incorporated into many legislations and, by being constitutionalized, often elevated to an individual constitutional right. After outlining the position of that right in international law on human rights, especially in the convention law of the Council of Europe, the practice of the European Court for Human Rights and Croatian constitutional law, the authors write at length about the legal assumptions for compensation for wrongful conviction or unfounded arrest in Chapter XXX of the Croatian Criminal Procedure Act. Individual questions concerning the so-called positive and negative assumptions for compensation are dealt with by means of standard methods of legal interpretation and illustrated by examples from cases in which the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia was deciding on constitutional complaints against the decisions of regular courts in compensation claim proceedings and examples of judicial reviews of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Croatia. The authors conclude that the judicial mechanisms of supervision of the execution of the right to compensation for wrongful conviction or unfounded arrest, including the mechanisms of the Constitutional Court, despite initial doubts about interpreting "unfounded" conviction (or arrest) as merely "unlawful" or as "unfair", which were solved in favour of the latter, have considerably extended its scope and turned it into a special category of responsibility of the state for the work of its bodies and agencies, which is different from the general rules of its responsibility for their errors. They have thus contributed to the protection of personal freedom, which, without such guarantees, is at risk of being a proclamation without practical significance. Adapted from the source document.
Secretaries of the Ministry of Defense & Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Croatia provide a background for this issue of the journal dealing with topics of financial recompense this country is ...entitled to for its contribution, as part of communist Yugoslavia, to the building of the Yugoslav military-industrial complex. A treaty was signed in Vienna in June of 2001 between the former states of Yugoslavia, which the Croatian parliament ratified in 2004, that provides for the principles & procedures according to which negotiations of succession of assets, private & public, are to be carried out. A special council charged with searching archival materials, calculate restitution estimates, & conducting related work leading to resolving the issue of military assets succession was set up in September of 2001 in this country. Z. Dubiel
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