A crucial step in the development of muscle cells in all metazoan animals is the assembly and anchorage of the sarcomere, the essential repeat unit responsible for muscle contraction. In ...Caenorhabditis elegans, many of the critical proteins involved in this process have been uncovered through mutational screens focusing on uncoordinated movement and embryonic arrest phenotypes. We propose that additional sarcomeric proteins exist for which there is a less severe, or entirely different, mutant phenotype produced in their absence. We have used Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) to generate a comprehensive profile of late embryonic muscle gene expression. We generated two replicate long SAGE libraries for sorted embryonic muscle cells, identifying 7,974 protein-coding genes. A refined list of 3,577 genes expressed in muscle cells was compiled from the overlap between our SAGE data and available microarray data. Using the genes in our refined list, we have performed two separate RNA interference (RNAi) screens to identify novel genes that play a role in sarcomere assembly and/or maintenance in either embryonic or adult muscle. To identify muscle defects in embryos, we screened specifically for the Pat embryonic arrest phenotype. To visualize muscle defects in adult animals, we fed dsRNA to worms producing a GFP-tagged myosin protein, thus allowing us to analyze their myofilament organization under gene knockdown conditions using fluorescence microscopy. By eliminating or severely reducing the expression of 3,300 genes using RNAi, we identified 122 genes necessary for proper myofilament organization, 108 of which are genes without a previously characterized role in muscle. Many of the genes affecting sarcomere integrity have human homologs for which little or nothing is known.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In the Waikato Regional Policy Statement, objective 3.8 states that the council will take an ecosystem service approach to recognise and maintain or enhance fresh water ecosystem services to enable ...their ongoing contribution to regional wellbeing. Monitoring ecosystem services and socioeconomic and cultural values could enable better management of these resources and so increase the productivity and efficiency of resource use for community wellbeing. This is because the ecosystem service approach to natural resource management, in principle, considers all services to all sectors of a community. To facilitate this approach, tools such as maps and a database of ecosystem services are useful at the level of detail at which policy and management decisions are made. This study characterises the freshwater ecosystems in the region by assessing a sample of water bodies (streams, rivers, lakes and wetlands), their services with economic benefits they provide. The results are being presented in web-maps and the underlying database of the ecosystems, their services and values. The database system allows structured querying, searching and updating of the database as more information becomes available on these ecosystems. The ecological status and health of the ecosystems provide an indication of the services and values of these natural resources using the Millennium Ecosystem and Assessment (MEA) and the Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES) frameworks. This will help the regional council’s capacity in monitoring the effectiveness of its natural resource management and policies.
In the Waikato Regional Policy Statement, objective 3.8 states that the council will take an ecosystem service approach to recognise and maintain or enhance fresh water ecosystem services to enable ...their ongoing contribution to regional wellbeing. Monitoring ecosystem services and socioeconomic and cultural values could enable better management of these resources and so increase the productivity and efficiency of resource use for community wellbeing. This is because the ecosystem service approach to natural resource management, in principle, considers all services to all sectors of a community. To facilitate this approach, tools such as maps and a database of ecosystem services are useful at the level of detail at which policy and management decisions are made. This study characterises the freshwater ecosystems in the region by assessing a sample of water bodies (streams, rivers, lakes and wetlands), their services with economic benefits they provide. The results are being presented in web-maps and the underlying database of the ecosystems, their services and values. The database system allows structured querying, searching and updating of the database as more information becomes available on these ecosystems. The ecological status and health of the ecosystems provide an indication of the services and values of these natural resources using the Millennium Ecosystem and Assessment (MEA) and the Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES) frameworks. This will help the regional council's capacity in monitoring the effectiveness of its natural resource management and policies.
Forty-nine clones derived by microdissection of a schizophrenia-associated t(1;11)(q42.1;q14.3) breakpoint region have been assigned by somatic cell hybrid mapping to seven discrete intervals on the ...long arm of human chromosome 11. Eleven of the clones were shown to map to a small region immediately distal to the translocation breakpoint on 11q.A 3-Mb contiguous clone map of this region was established by isolation of corresponding YAC recombinants. The contig was oriented and shown to traverse the translocation breakpoint by FISH and microsatellite marker analysis. This contig will facilitate the isolation of candidate sequences whose expression may be affected by the translocation.
Previews the 2005 NZ Music Awards. Introduces the North Shore band, this year's youngest nominees, and the established artist, one of the oldest, to each other and shares their conversation about ...music and musical influences. Lists the nominees and makes some predictions about the winners. Source: National Library of New Zealand Te Puna Matauranga o Aotearoa, licensed by the Department of Internal Affairs for re-use under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand Licence.
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