The prevalence of student-run clinics is rising due to educational benefits and the ability to provide cost-effective care to underserved patients. Current literature on the effect of athletic ...training student-run clinics on patient outcomes and experiences is limited.
To explore patient-reported outcomes (PROs), patient experiences, and patient demographics in an athletic training student-run clinic.
Mixed-methods study: cross-sectional survey with retrospective analysis of deidentified patient outcomes from November 2017-October 2021.
Athletic training student-run clinic.
A total of 388 patients from the university (ie, students and staff) and local community with a variety of musculoskeletal injuries.
Participants completed a packet to provide their responses to demographic items and PRO scales: Disablement in the Physically Active Scale Short Form-8, Numeric Pain Rating Scale, Patient-Specific Functional Scale, and Global Rating of Change Scale at 3 time points. They also completed an electronic patient experience survey after their final visit to the student-run clinic.
Most participants reported clinically significant improvements across all PRO scales: an average improvement of 39.1% in pain, 39.3% in function, and 43.1% in quality of life in <11 days, on average. Furthermore, they described a high level of satisfaction with care and a globally positive experience at the student-run clinic.
Patients experienced clinically significant improvements in pain, function, disablement, and quality of life when receiving care from athletic training students at a student-run clinic. In addition, they indicated a high level of satisfaction with the care provided and a positive overall experience with an athletic training student-run clinic.
Naturally occurring chorus emissions are a class of electromagnetic waves found in the space environments of the Earth and other magnetized planets. They play an essential role in accelerating ...high-energy electrons forming the hazardous radiation belt environment. Chorus typically occurs in two distinct frequency bands separated by a gap. The origin of this two-band structure remains a 50-year old question. Here we report, using NASA's Van Allen Probe measurements, that banded chorus waves are commonly accompanied by two separate anisotropic electron components. Using numerical simulations, we show that the initially excited single-band chorus waves alter the electron distribution immediately via Landau resonance, and suppress the electron anisotropy at medium energies. This naturally divides the electron anisotropy into a low and a high energy components which excite the upper-band and lower-band chorus waves, respectively. This mechanism may also apply to the generation of chorus waves in other magnetized planetary magnetospheres.
Determining patient outcomes is essential to quality health care. Administering electronic patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs) offers potential advantages, including faster completion and ...efficient data access and storage. However, commonly used PROMs have not been studied across multiple administration modes, limiting clinicians to paper forms until the electronic versions are validated.
To determine the validity of an electronic version of the Disablement in the Physically Active (DPA) scale compared with the paper version.
Electronic and paper versions of the DPA scale were randomly administered to 117 participants (38 women, 79 men; age = 21.6 ± 5.9 years) 24 to 48 hours apart. Responses were compared using Pearson product moment correlations, canonical correlations, and covariance modeling.
The electronic version of the DPA scale was strongly correlated with the paper version when compared using a bivariate correlation (
= 0.86,
< .001) or covariance modeling approach (
= 0.90,
< .001).
The electronic version of the DPA scale was comparable with the paper version, making the former more efficient for use in athletic training. This study provides a template for other clinician-researchers to perform similar evaluations of electronic PROMs to determine their equivalency with the paper versions before implementing them in practice.
The primary purpose of this study was to examine sex differences in lower extremity joint stiffness during vertical drop jump performance. A secondary purpose was to examine the potential influence ...of sex on the relationship between joint stiffness and jump performance. Thirty healthy and active individuals performed 15-drop jumps from 30 and 60 cm boxes. Hip, knee, and ankle joint stiffnesses were calculated for subphases of landing using a 2nd order polynomial regression model. Males had greater hip stiffness during the loading phase in drop jumps from both box heights than females’ drop jump from 60 cm box. Also, males had a greater ground reaction force at the end of eccentric phase, net jump impulse, and jump height regardless of box height. The 60 cm box height increased knee stiffness during the loading phase, but reduced hip stiffness during the loading phase and knee and ankle stiffness during the absorption phase regardless of sex. Joint stiffnesses significantly predicted drop jump height for females (p < .001, r2 = 0.579), but not for males (p = .609, r2 = −0.053). These results suggest that females may have different strategies to maximize drop jump height as compared to males.
A shortage of healthcare providers, particularly in primary care and mental health, exists in the predominately rural state of Idaho. There are also barriers to retaining healthcare providers to work ...in rural and remote communities. Limited research using U.S. samples has explored factors that may affect the retention of healthcare providers in rural areas. Additionally, due to differences between communities, it is important to conduct community-level investigations to better understand how these factors may affect retention in rural areas. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore factors affecting healthcare provider retention in a rural community in Northern Idaho.
A modified version of the Nursing Community Apgar Questionnaire (NCAQ) was completed by 30 healthcare providers in a rural and frontier community in Northern Idaho to assess factors influencing healthcare provider retention. Factors were classified into classes including geographic, economic, scope of practice, medical support, and facility and community support classes. Retention factors were assessed on their perceived importance to retention as well as whether they were perceived as an advantage or challenge to retention based on Likert scales. A "Community Apgar" score was also created by combining the importance and advantage/challenge factors.
Overall, items in the medical support group had the highest importance of any other class and included factors such as nursing workforce. Additionally, the facility and community support class, which included factors such as televideo support, was rated the highest advantage class and had the highest Apgar score, indicating it contained the factor that healthcare providers identified as the most important advantage (i.e., medical reference resources).
Our study identified multiple factors that healthcare providers deemed as important advantages or disadvantages to retaining healthcare providers in rural areas. Overall, facility and community support factors were found to have the highest advantage in the retention of rural providers. Rural healthcare organizations looking to increase healthcare provider retention should target retention efforts towards these factors. Additional research should also be conducted on other rural samples across the U.S. to make comparisons of findings.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
CEKLJ, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Context
Instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) is a popular myofascial intervention used by health care professionals.
Objective
To document IASTM clinical practice patterns among ...health care professionals in the United States.
Design
Cross-sectional study.
Setting
Online survey.
Patients or Other Participants
A total of 853 members of the National Athletic Trainers' Association (n = 249) and the American Physical Therapy Association (n = 604).
Main Outcome Measure(s)
Responses to a 55-item electronic survey that assessed 4 areas, namely, IASTM training and experience, IASTM application, perception of IASTM in practice, and demographic information.
Results
Most (n = 705, 83%) of the 853 respondents used IASTM in their practice, and they had an average of 15 years of work experience. Approximately 86% (n = 731) reported completing some type of formal training, and 61% (n = 518) had completed some type of informal training. Respondents used >34 different IASTM tools. Seventy-one percent (n = 606) indicated either not knowing how to quantify the amount of force applied by the tool during treatment or not trying to quantify. Fifteen percent (n = 128) estimated a force ranging from 100 to 500g. The treatment time for a specific lesion and location ranged from 1 to ≤5 minutes, with an average total treatment time of 14.46 ± 14.70 minutes. Respondents used 31 different interventions before or after IASTM. Approximately 66% (n = 564) reported following treatment recommendations, and 19% (n = 162) described rarely or never following recommendations learned during training. A total of 94% (n = 801) recounted using some type of clinical outcome measure to assess their treatment. Cluster analysis identified 3 distinct cluster groupings among professionals, with most (89%, n = 729/818) indicating that IASTM was an effective treatment.
Conclusions
This survey documented the IASTM practice patterns of health care professionals. Cluster profiles characterized group differences in IASTM training and clinical application. The gaps among research, clinical practice, and training need to be bridged to establish IASTM best practices.
Instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) is a popular myofascial treatment utilized by health care professionals. Currently, there is a lack of research on the effects of a light pressure ...IASTM treatment on the forearm region. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of a light pressure IASTM technique at different application rates on grip strength and muscle stiffness. This study was considered exploratory with the goal of establishing methodology for future controlled studies.
Observational pretest and posttest clinical study.
Twenty-six healthy adults underwent one light pressure IASTM treatment to their dominant forearm muscles. Participants were allocated to 2 groups of 13 based upon treatment rate: 60 beats per minute and 120 beats per minute. Participants were tested pretreatment and posttreatment for grip strength and tissue stiffness via diagnostic ultrasound. One-way analyses of covariance were used to assess group differences posttreatment for grip strength and tissue stiffness.
Statistically significant posttreatment changes for grip strength and tissue stiffness were not found. Despite the nonstatistical significance, there were small decreases in grip strength and tissue stiffness. Faster (120 beats/min) IASTM application may have produced clinically meaningful decreases in grip strength along with a small decrease in tissue stiffness.
This report helps to establish methodology for future controlled studies on this topic. Sports medicine professionals should consider these results as exploratory and interpret them with caution. Future research is needed to confirm these findings and begin to postulate possible neurophysiological mechanisms.
The Disablement in the Physically Active (DPA) scale is a patient-reported outcome instrument recommended for use in clinical practice and research. Analysis of the scale has indicated a need for ...further psychometric testing.
To assess the model fit of the original DPA scale using a larger and more diverse sample and explore the potential for a short-form (SF) version.
Observational study.
Twenty-four clinical settings.
Responses were randomly split into 2 samples: sample 1 (n = 690: 353 males, 330 females, and 7 not reported; mean age = 23.1 ± 9.3 years, age range = 11-75 years) and sample 2 (n = 690: 351 males, 337 females, and 2 not reported; mean age = 22.9 ± 9.3 years, age range = 8-74 years). Participants were physically active individuals who were healthy or experiencing acute, subacute, or persistent musculoskeletal injury.
Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess the factor structure of the original DPA scale. Exploratory factor, internal consistency, covariance modeling, correlational, and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to assess potential DPA scale SFs.
The subdimensions of the disablement construct were highly correlated (≥0.89). The fit indices for the DPA scale approached recommended levels, but the first-order correlational values and second-order path coefficients provided evidence for multicollinearity, suggesting that clear distinctions between the disablement subdimensions cannot be made. An 8-item, 2-dimensional solution and a 10-item, 3-dimensional solution were extracted to produce SF versions. The DPA SF-8 was highly correlated (
= 0.94,
≤ .001,
= 0.88) with the DPA scale, and the fit indices exceeded all of the strictest recommendations. The DPA SF-10 was highly correlated (
= 0.97,
≤ .001,
= 0.94) with the DPA scale, and its fit indices values also exceeded the strictest recommendations.
The DPA SF-8 and SF-10 are psychometrically sound alternatives to the DPA scale.
This study investigated the association between self-compassion and psychological pain across various demographic variables. Using canonical correlation analysis, we observed an inverse relationship ...between the combined factors of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and the Orbach and Mikulincer Mental Pain Scale (OMMP-8). Subgroup analyses revealed differences in SCS subscales among demographic groups with females, individuals with mental health diagnoses, and non-athletes displaying higher scores on negative SCS subscales and PsyPn. Injury status did not significantly affect self-compassion levels, although injured individuals scored higher on the irreversibility subscale of PsyPn. Negative SCS factors exhibited larger group differences and stronger correlations with PsyPn, indicating the potency of negative thinking in influencing psychological pain. These findings underscore the importance of self-compassion in mental health and suggest potential implications for intervention strategies.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Sleep has long been understood as an essential component for overall well-being, substantially affecting physical health, cognitive functioning, mental health, and quality of life. Currently, the ...Athlete Sleep Behavior Questionnaire (ASBQ) is the only known instrument designed to measure sleep behaviors in the athletic population. However, the psychometric properties of the scale in a collegiate student-athlete and dance population have not been established.
To assess model fit of the ASBQ in a sample of collegiate traditional student-athletes and dancers.
Observational study.
Twelve colleges and universities.
A total of 556 (104 men, 452 women; age = 19.84 ± 1.62 years) traditional student-athletes and dancers competing at the collegiate level.
A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was computed to assess the factor structure of the ASBQ. We performed principal component analysis extraction and covariance modeling analyses to identify an alternate model. Multigroup invariance testing was conducted on the alternate model to identify if group differences existed for sex, sport type, injury status, and level of competition.
The CFA on the ASBQ indicated that the model did not meet recommended model fit indices. An alternate 3-factor, 9-item model with improved fit was identified; however, the scale structure was not consistently supported during multigroup invariance testing procedures.
The original 3-factor, 18-item ASBQ was not supported for use with collegiate athletes in our study. The alternate ASBQ was substantially improved, although more research should be completed to ensure that the 9-item instrument accurately captures all dimensions of sleep behavior relevant for collegiate athletes.
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