El Comité de Cafeteros de Caldas y Cenicafé diseñaron y aplicaron una encuesta a 513 caficultores del departamento con el propósito de conocer la situación actual del MIB aplicado por ellos en sus ...fincas. La encuesta fue de tipo personal semi estructurada, para diagnosticar el manejo de los diferentes componentes del MIB. Constó de 65 preguntas (20% aspectos generales, 65% componentes del MIB, 5% indicadores y 10% preguntas de opinión). Se aplicó en 218 veredas pertenecientes a 23 municipios. El 16,2% de los caficultores afirman tener problemas con la broca. El 94,3% realizan recolecciones frecuentes de frutos maduros. El 61,9% realiza muestreos de infestación de broca. Pero sólo 17,9% aplican el método recomendado por Federación. El 75,6% consideran que el control químico no es suficiente. El 62,3% aplican insecticidas y solamente el 32% utilizan productos categoría III. El 37,2% conoce los controles biológicos; sin embargo, solamente el 16,6% aplican Beauveria bassiana. En postcosecha el 60% implementan alguna medida de control pero no todas en su conjunto. En general el 49% de los caficultores basan el MIB en recolecciones oportunas y aplicaciones de insecticidas. La información obtenida servirá para hacer ajustes en los procesos de investigación y de transferencia relacionados con el MIB, para facilitarle a los caficultores su implementación.
The effect of an antidepressant drug--imipramine--on the nuclear volume of the rat brain neurons was studied. Imipramine was administered per os, 10 mg/kg acutely or chronically (twice a day, for 14 ...days). A reduction in the nuclear volume was observed after chronic treatment in neurons of the locus coeruleus and cingular cortex, but not in the hippocampus. The diminution in the nuclear volume of the affected cells suggests a decrease in their activity.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive, destructive and deforming arthropathy, characterized by symmetrical erosive synovitis and multisystemic injury. Despite the progresses of ...pharmacological therapy for RA, many patients continue to have active disease with the risk of developing disability. A number of non-pharmacological therapies are used in addition to the regular treatment of RA. On October 7th, 2008, American Physical Activity guidelines were released, based on the latest physical activity techniques, with impact on the health of people with arthritis, grouped under the acronym SMART. A comprehensive management program for RA includes patient education, psycho-social interventions, adequate rest, exercise, physical and occupational therapy, nutritional and dietetics counseling, interventions to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis and immunizations to reduce the risk of complications from immunosuppressive treatment. The objectives of this program are: disease stabilization, preventing deviations, deformities and ankylosis, combating retractions and stiffness, partial or complete restoration of motor functional capacity of patients. For achieving these goals, the treatment must adhere to the following general conditions: to be initiated early, to be continuous and complex. In conclusion, education and counseling of the patient are important for the management of RA. The physicians should explain to the patient all the treatment options and develop with him a longitudinal treatment plan, which includes the association of the pharmacological therapy with the non-pharmacological one.
Biological therapy has redesigned the treatment of certain systemic inflammatory disorders, and it is currently employed in clinical practice by specialties such as rheumatology, dermatology, ...gastroenterology, neurology and oncology. A decade’s worth of data has classified biological therapy as safe and effective for the treatment of a large number of diseases. However, its associated risk of secondary infections remains a major issue, particularly when discussing long-term immunosuppressive treatment. Secondary viral infections can require delaying or discontinuing biological therapy, thus leading to a relapse or reactivation of the underlying disorder, and this can happen in patients with already limited therapeutic options. Thorough screening and timely diagnosis of viral reactivations are necessary in order to maximize the benefits and reduce the risks associated with biological therapy. Viruses frequently associated with such reactivations include hepatitis B and C viruses, cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus, and Epstein-Barr virus. This review focuses on the risk of reactivation associated with biological therapy in patients with autoimmune diseases and underlying herpes virus, human papilloma virus and polyomavirus infections.
We report a clinical description of pure sensory stroke based on data collected from a prospective acute stroke registry.
From 2500 acute stroke patients included in a hospital-based prospective ...stroke registry over a 12-year period, 99 were identified as having pure sensory stroke.
Pure sensory stroke accounted for 4.7% of all acute stroke patients, 5.4% of acute ischemic stroke, and 17.4% of lacunar syndromes. Complete hemisensory syndrome was present in 80 patients and incomplete hemisensory syndrome in 19 (cheiro-oral syndrome 12, cheiro-oral-pedal 6, isolated oral syndrome 1). The lacunar hypothesis was fulfilled in 88% of patients. Atherothrombotic infarction occurred in 8 patients, intracerebral hemorrhage in 3, and stroke of undetermined cause in 1. Hemorrhagic pure sensory stroke was diagnosed in 1% of all cases of hemorrhagic stroke (n = 270) in the database. Outcome was good (in-hospital mortality 0%, symptom-free at discharge 41.5%). After multivariate analysis, absence of disability at discharge, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and thalamic (56.5%) and corona radiata (4%) locations were clinical and topographic variables significantly associated with pure sensory stroke.
Pure sensory stroke is an infrequent cerebrovascular syndrome, in which the lacunar hypothesis is supported. Most patients had thalamic lacunar infarction. Incomplete hemisensory syndromes were also caused by a lacunar infarct in 84% of patients. Hemorrhagic pure sensory stroke accounted only for 3% of the cases. The prognosis is good with striking similarity to other lacunar strokes. There are important differences between pure sensory stroke and nonlacunar strokes.
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