GIS tools in archaeology have become fundamental for professionals and researchers around the world. In recent years, the “3D revolution” has drastically changed archaeological practices and methods, ...including the use of GIS. This paper presents the results of a project aimed at building an integrated system for the management and study of archaeological data in 2D and 3D, connecting GIS to BIM. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is an innovative technology developed for architectural design and planning, and later adapted for cultural heritage and historic buildings (HBIM). More recently, it has been tested on archaeological sites. Some attempts have been made to connect landscape scale GIS projects with BIM models of individual buildings. However, these have not been applied specifically to archaeology thus far. Through the use of open-source software, a seamless workflow from data collection in GIS to 3D visualization and modeling in a native OpenBIM environment has been created. The paper illustrates this methodology with a case study about Altinum, a Roman city in northeastern Italy near Venice. The GIS component of the project manages the archaeological map of the city, while the OpenBIM application allows the virtual reconstruction of the sites. For the latter, the case of the ancient city-gate of Altinum is considered and explained.
Abstract
The ClusterLab HeModern of the Università Iuav di Venezia has been working in recent years on the study, knowledge and conservation of 20th century architecture. This interdisciplinary ...research group (History of Architecture, Geomatics, Building Technology, Restoration Project) intends to investigate how to analyse and evaluate the state of conservation of the materials of which the modern architectural cultural heritage is composed by identifying specific application protocols for intervention, preservation and valorisation. In 2018, the collaboration between the above-mentioned ClusterLab, the LéaV of the Ecole nationale supérieure d’architecture in Versailles and the Archivio del Moderno of the Accademia di architettura in Mendrisio - Università della Svizzera italiana, culminated in the identification of the works and career of André Bloc as a case study. In the context of this study, the Tour, the Engineer’s posthumous work, was selected to serve as a sample for research on the methods of communication of the contents of the architecture, the survey procedures used and the elaborations obtained. So, after the survey campaign, which took place via topographic, laser scanning and photogrammetric methods, two different levels of restitution were conceived: the first, made according to the canonical graphic paper methods, represents the procedural and surveying information, the material characterisation and the state of decay; the second elevates the same contents by applying them to physical reality. In this phase, the research focused on the possibility of making the different projects collaborate through the technique of rapid prototyping and video projection mapping. This particular form of augmented reality was used to enrich, through the mediation of light projections, the sensory perception of the observers by adding more information and emphasising those of greatest interest, proposing an alternative way of storytelling. In fact, unlike other forms of augmented reality, in the case of video projection mapping, the observer has the possibility to interact continuously with the physical reality, whose character is static, while the transmission of data is dynamic and can range in heterogeneity. The elaborations produced were presented in form of a museum exhibit at the international conference “Arti e architettura. Il contributo di André Bloc 1950-1970”, which took place in the exhibition rooms of the Università Iuav di Venezia.
Cultural heritage preservation is becoming increasingly important in today's culture and advancements in technology are enabling more effective preservation of both tangible and intangible cultural ...heritage. This paper proposes the development of a system for documenting intangible cultural heritage using multiple calibrated and synchronized LiDAR cameras for immersive and dynamic surveying of complex scenes. The prototype will be assembled using low-cost LiDAR sensors, specifically the Intel® RealSense™ L515. The system thanks to a higher number of devices will ensure full coverage of the scene to be acquired. The biggest development challenge is represented by the calibration phase, which, if carried out properly, allows the collection of a correctly oriented point cloud from each of the individual devices. The acquired point clouds will be recorded at a frequency of 30 Hz to create a dynamic and time-varying point cloud, which can then be viewed in a virtual reality environment. The affordability of the components used in the system combined with the higher completeness of data will enable the acquisition of scenes, actions, and events with a more comprehensive perspective. The goal is to lay the groundwork for the development of multi-platform and multi-sensor technologies capable of acquiring more data with a higher level of detail in intangible cultural heritage preservation efforts.
The study of Cultural Natural Heritage (CNH) requires the development of multi-disciplinary and multi-scale methodologies for data recording, representation, and correlation from various platforms ...such as terrestrial, aerial and satellite sensors. The heterogeneity of geo-databases currently available demands on-site validation and time monitoring to control the phenomena related to climate change that inevitably affect the Cultural Heritage (CH). The pressures stressing the territorial dimension due to climatic changes lead to the decrease of essential resources and burden on the CH. To overcome the lack of information needed at various territorial scales, it becomes necessary to construct detailed and dynamic cognitive frameworks. This paper establishes a multitemporal information framework regarding the case study area, the Island of Santo Spirito in Venice, using several geomatic techniques to investigate the island's ecological significance and constructed heritage. The suggested methodology uses the integration of multitemporal data resulting from the processing of satellite images provided by the Copernicus satellites (Sentinel-2) and data from geomatic documentation techniques. Two separate methods were used in the survey operations: a Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) and aerial photogrammetry from Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles (UAV) survey. The integration of satellite, aerial, and terrestrial data has allowed a complete knowledge of the necessary parameters for the monitoring of the CH of the area. In order to manage conservative policy from a preventive perspective and to recreate and digitally visualize missing historical phases, programmed monitoring is a crucial instrument.
Tooteko is a smart ring that allows to navigate any 3D surface with your finger tips and get in return an audio content that is relevant in relation to the part of the surface you are touching in ...that moment. Tooteko can be applied to any tactile surface, object or sheet. However, in a more specific domain, it wants to make traditional art venues accessible to the blind, while providing support to the reading of the work for all through the recovery of the tactile dimension in order to facilitate the experience of contact with art that is not only "under glass." The system is made of three elements: a high-tech ring, a tactile surface tagged with NFC sensors, and an app for tablet or smartphone. The ring detects and reads the NFC tags and, thanks to the Tooteko app, communicates in wireless mode with the smart device. During the tactile navigation of the surface, when the finger reaches a hotspot, the ring identifies the NFC tag and activates, through the app, the audio track that is related to that specific hotspot. Thus a relevant audio content relates to each hotspot. The production process of the tactile surfaces involves scanning, digitization of data and 3D printing. The first experiment was modelled on the facade of the church of San Michele in Isola, made by Mauro Codussi in the late fifteenth century, and which marks the beginning of the Renaissance in Venice. Due to the absence of recent documentation on the church, the Correr Museum asked the Laboratorio di Fotogrammetria to provide it with the aim of setting up an exhibition about the order of the Camaldolesi, owners of the San Michele island and church. The Laboratorio has made the survey of the facade through laser scanning and UAV photogrammetry. The point clouds were the starting point for prototypation and 3D printing on different supports. The idea of the integration between a 3D printed tactile surface and sensors was born as a final thesis project at the Postgraduate Mastercourse in Digital Architecture of the University of Venice (IUAV) in 2012. Now Tooteko is now a start up company based in Venice, Italy.
Highly accurate documentation and 3D reconstructions are fundamental for analyses and further interpretations in archaeology. In the last years the integrated digital survey (ground-based survey ...methods and UAV photogrammetry) has confirmed its main role in the documentation and comprehension of excavation contexts, thanks to instrumental and methodological development concerning the on site data acquisition. The specific aim of the project, reported in this paper and realized by the Laboratory of Photogrammetry of the IUAV University of Venice, is to check different acquisition systems and their effectiveness test, considering each methodology individually or integrated. This research focuses on the awareness that the integration of different survey’s methodologies can as a matter of fact increase the representative efficacy of the final representations; these are based on a wider and verified set of georeferenced metric data. Particularly the methods’ integration allows reducing or neutralizing issues related to composite and complex objects’ survey, since the most appropriate tools and techniques can be chosen considering the characteristics of each part of an archaeological site (i.e. urban structures, architectural monuments, small findings). This paper describes the experience in several sites of the municipality of Sepino (Molise, Italy), where the 3d digital acquisition of cities and structure of monuments, sometimes hard to reach, was realized using active and passive techniques (rage-based and image based methods). This acquisition was planned in order to obtain not only the basic support for interpretation analysis, but also to achieve models of the actual state of conservation of the site on which some reconstructive hypotheses can be based on. Laser scanning data were merged with Structure from Motion techniques’ clouds into the same reference system, given by a topographical and GPS survey. These 3d models are not only the final results of the metric survey, but also the starting point for the whole reconstruction of the city and its urban context, from the research point of view. This reconstruction process will concern even some areas that have not yet been excavated, where the application of procedural modelling can offer an important support to the reconstructive hypothesis.
This paper explores the use of Mobile Mapping Systems (MMSs) for urban Cultural Heritage (CH) documentation, which has become an increasingly important tool in surveying for rapid and accurate ...mapping of both internal and external environments. The study evaluates the performance of the STONEX® X120GO SLAM Laser Scanner, a recent commercial MMS, in documenting CH in various outdoor applications, including urban environments and inaccessible places. The methodology was applied to three test fields in the historic centre of Venice, which include Piazza San Marco, Santa Marta area, and the Venetian canal called Rio de le Toresele. The STONEX® X120GO SLAM Laser Scanner is composed of a 360° rotating head LiDAR scanner, three 5MP cameras, and an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) for geospatial 3D point cloud creation. The MMS was evaluated in terms of time, accuracy, and point cloud resolution against other active sensors such as Terrestrial Laser Scanners (TLSs) and spherical photogrammetry. The results suggest that the tested MMS has reached optimal levels of development, enabling high-speed data collection and providing good accuracy for significant urban CH sites. Overall, the paper highlights the importance and potential of MMSs for CH documentation and emphasizes the need for ongoing development to optimize the management process.
THE VENETIAN GALEA : FROM THE WOODEN MODEL TO THE DIGITAL MODEL Balletti, C.; Guerra, F.; Lorenzon, A.
International archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences.,
08/2020, Letnik:
XLIII-B2-2020
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The Venetian galea (galley), dominating the Mediterranean Sea for almost 1000 years, is one of the most emblematic and fascinating objects in the history and culture of the Serenissima Republic of ...San Marco, the official name of ancient Venice. This boat has changed according to the needs and developments that have taken place over the centuries, proving versatile and powerful in military and commercial use.Unfortunately, no complete specimen has been received, and everything that can be known about galleys derives from paintings made in different eras, in models and in some original parts, kept inside the Naval Historical Museum of Venice.Another source are some manuscripts, where part of the traditional shipbuilding knowledge is handed down. To understand a galley it is necessary to understand which techniques were used by the proti (directors of the ancient shipyard) which differ substantially from the current design.These techniques were the synthesis of knowledge handed down from person to person and which did not make use of design drawings such as are used today. To obtain the reconstruction of a galley, lacking complete original drawings, we collected and analyzed different documentation that testified the ancient forms.The presented work aims to reconstruct a digital model of a galea starting from the photogrammetric and laser scanning survey of a wooden model of the hull of half of a 25-bench galley of the mid-seventeenth century. The surveyed maquette and brought back to the real scale was integrated by some artifacts present at the Naval History Museum of Venice, surveyed with photogrammetric techniques and laser scanning too.In this way a hypothetical configuration was reconstructed (by synthesis of collected and historical data) which shows the shape that this boat could reasonably have had. The result is a digital model, then printed to the scale, obtained by three-dimensional modeling starting from the point clouds of the maquette and the original artifacts. This final model has been compared with all the iconographic and documentary sources for its historical validation.The results obtained were used for a set-up aimed at enhancing the museum, because it was intended for a large audience.
GAMHer is a collaborative project that aims at exploiting and validating Geomatics algorithms, methodologies and procedures in the framework of new European regulations, which require a more ...extensive and productive use of digital information, as requested by the Digital Agenda for Europe as one of the seven pillars of the Europe 2020 Strategy. To this aim, GAMHer focuses on the need of a certified accuracy for surveying and monitoring projects with photogrammetry and laser scanning technologies, especially when used in a multiscale approach for landscape and built heritage documentation, conservation, and management. The approach used follows a multi-LoD (level of detail) transition that exploits GIS systems at the landscape scale, BIM technology and “point cloud based” 3d modelling for the scale of the building, and an innovative BIM/GIS integrated approach to foster innovation, promote users’ collaboration and encourage communication between users. The outcomes of GAMHer are not intended to be used only by a community of Geomatics specialists, but also by a heterogeneous user community that exploit images and laser scans in their professional activities.
THE DIGITAL EPHEMER: HENRY III OF FRANCE IN VENICE (1574) Balletti, C.; Guerra, F.; Meneghello, C. ...
ISPRS annals of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences,
09/2021, Letnik:
VIII-M-1-2021
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Sometimes digital reconstruction interfaces with the ephemeral aspect of the Cultural Heritage. Photogrammetric survey, integrated with the most up-to-date visualization technologies, aims to the ...production of 3D models that can recreate and document the artifacts that were made to be short-lived.The paper deals with the documentation of an historical event: the stay of Henry III of France in Venice in 1574. This happening has been studied as part of the journey from Poland to France, undertaken by the king through Austria and northern Italy. Many royal events were organized and among the architectural and sculptural works that were made for the occasion, two stand out: the ephemeral triumphal arch and loggia designed by Andrea Palladio for the grand entry of the King and the three hundred sugar sculptures cast from moulds obtained from Jacopo Sansovino’s workshop.Historical research, iconography and cartography, along with the photogrammetric survey of some artworks still visible today, allowed the three-dimensional reconstruction of the temporary structures and sugar sculptures created for this historical event and made to last only for the ten days of his stay.The purpose of this research is to map the movements of the King and recreate the works of art that were created for him in various parts of Venice, according to a geographic and scientific approach, by framing them in space and time and employing the 3D models to project the observer into 16th century Venice.The integration of methods and techniques pertaining to geomatics and three-dimensional computer graphics allow us to animate and reconstruct images of no longer existing places and works of art which were made to be fleeting but scenic at the same time and arouse amazement between the leading personalities of those times.The “digitalization of the ephemeral” aims to bring these artifacts back to memory, following a meticulous process based on the examination of the historical sources together with cartographic data and a scientific survey.
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