Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are a group of proteins found in all living organisms. They play key roles in regulating the stress response to salinity, drought, and extreme temperature changes in ...plants. Hsps also act as molecular chaperones that provide favorable conditions for the correct folding of other proteins, thus preventing protein aggregation. Many studies have been performed to identify molecular functions of individual family members. However, there is a limited study on genome-wide identification and characterizations of Hsp70s in Fagaceae family (American beech, American chestnut, Chinese chestnut, European chestnut, Japanese chestnut, Oak, Red oak and White oak). In this study, we have identified 13, 17 and 15 Hsp70 genes in beech, oak and chestnut, respectively. Phylogenetic, conserved motifs and 3D protein structure analysis of identified Hsp70 genes were also performed. According to phylogenetic analysis, Hsp70 genes could be classified into different groups. Specific motifs were found in all predicted Hsp70 proteins and were relatively conserved in beech, oak and chestnut genomes. The protein 3D structure of a total of thirteen Hsp70s "(FagHsp70-03(68%) / FagHsp70-08(65%) / FagHsp70-09(71%) / FagHsp70-13(80%) / QuerHsp70-03(65%) / QuerHsp70-04(68%) / QuerHsp70-09(71%) / QuerHsp70-14(77%) / CasHsp70-03(65%) / CasHsp70-04(67%) / CasHsp70-11(65%) / CasHsp70-14(65%) / CasHsp70-15(61%)" were modelled at > 90% confidence and the percentage residue varied from 65 to 80. These results provide characterization and functional information of Hsp70 proteins for Fagaceae family. This genome-wide identification will enable researcher to open new perspectives for further studies to improve stress tolerant forest trees.Original Abstract: Isi soku proteinleri (Hsps: Heat Shock Proteins), canli organizmalarda bulunan bir grup protein ailesidir. Isi soku protein genleri stres aninda ornegin tuzluluk, kuraklik ve ekstrem sicaklik degisimlerinin duzenlenmesinde anahtar bir rol ustlenmektedirler. Bu proteinler hucresel saperonlar gibi fonksiyon gorurler, protein sentezinde proteinlerin dogru katlanmasinda ve tasinmasinda rol oynarlar. Hsp70 gen ailesinin molekuler islevlerine ait bazi calismalar yapilmistir. Fakat Fagaceae familyasi (Amerikan kayini, Amerikan kestanesi, Cin kestanesi, Avrupa kestanesi, Japon kestanesi, Mese, Kirmizi mese ve Ak mese) Hsp70 gen ailesinin genom analizi ve gen karakterizasyonuna ait sinirli calisma mevcuttur. Bu calismada Tanimlanan Hsp70 gen ailesi dizilerinin genomdaki dagilimlari, korunmus motiflerinin tanimlanmasi ve tahmini uc boyutlu protein yapilarinin belirlenmesi hedeflenmistir. Hsp70 gen ailesine ait Kayin, Mese ve Kestane'de sirasiyla 13, 17 ve 15 gen tanimlanmistir. Filogenetik analiz sonucuna gore Hsp70 genleri 3 farkli grup olusturmustur. Yapilan motif analizine gore Hsp70 proteinlerinin genom icerisinde (kayin, mese ve kestanede) nispeten korundugu gorulmustur. Proteinlerin uc boyutlu modellemesi yapildiginda toplam Fagaceae familyasina ait 13 Hsp70 geni >90% guven duzeyinde test edilmistir. Bu on uc protein "(FagHsp70-03(%68) / FagHsp70-08(%65) / FagHsp70-09(%71) / FagHsp70-13(%80) / QuerHsp70-03(%65) / QuerHsp70-04(%68) / QuerHsp70-09(%71) / QuerHsp70-14(%77) / CasHsp70-03(%65)/ CasHsp70-04(%67) / CasHsp70-11(%65) / CasHsp70-14(%65) / CasHsp70-15(%61)" data bankta bulunan proteinlerle yaklasik %65-%80 arasinda uc boyutlu homoloji modellemesi gostermistir. Bu sonuclar Fagaceae familyasinda Hsp70 gen ailesinin karakterizasyonu ve fonksiyonel islevleri hakkinda bilgi saglamaktadir. Bu calisma ile bitkilerde stres toleransinin gelistirilmesine ait bircok arastirma icin yeni bir perspektif saglanacaktir.
Wheat is the most important grain crop grown in our country providing greatest part of the daily nutritional requirement. Abiotic factors including salinity, drought, cold and heat stresses affect ...quality and yield of wheat varieties used for the production of both bread and pasta flour.
NAC proteins form one of the widest families of plant specific transcription factors. Members of this family are related with development, defense and abiotic stress responses. TaNAC69-1 and TtNAM-B2 genes were isolated from T.aestivum and T.turgidum, respectively. Then they were cloned into different monocot and dicot expression vectors to be used for further wheat and tobacco genetic transformation studies. To understand effects of salinity, drought, cold and heat stresses on expression profiles of TaNAC69-1 and TtNAM-B2 genes, quantitative real time PCR was performed. The time series expression profiles of TaNAC69-1 show that it was signi
In this study, optimization of a transformation and regeneration system via indirect and direct organogenesis in cotyledon, hypocotyl, petiole, leaf and shoot base tissues of sugar beet (Beta ...vulgaris L. cv. ELK 345 and 1195) was investigated. Two different germination, three different callus induction and shoot induction medium was used for indirect organogenesis of sugar beet cultivar ELK 345. Except cotyledon, other explants (hypocotyl, petiole and leaf) produced callus. However no shoot development was observed from callus of these explants. Shoot base tissue of sugar beet cultivar 1195 was employed for direct organogenesis. Shoot development was achieved via direct organogenesis using 0.1 mg/L IBA and 0.25 mg/L BA. Root development and high acclimatization rate were accomplished from shoot base tissue.
Different concentrations of kanamycin and PPT were applied to leaf blade explants to find out optimum dose for selection of transformants. Kanamycin at 150 mg/L and PPT at 3 mg/L totally inhibited shoot development from leaf blades.
Moreover, an Agrobacterium mediated transformation procedure for leaf explants of ELK 345 was also optimized by monitoring transient uidA expression 3rd days after transformation. Effects of different parameters (vacuum infiltration, bacterial growth medium, inoculation time with bacteria, Agrobacterium strains and L-cysteine application in co-cultivation medium) were investigated to improve transformation procedure. Vacuum infiltration and Agrobacterium strains were significantly improved transformation procedure. Percentage of GUS expressing areas on leaves increased three folds from the beginning of the study.
1,3,4-Thiadiazole molecules (
1-4
) were synthesized by the reaction of phenylthiosemicarbazide and methoxy cinnamic acid molecules in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride, and characterized with ...UV, FT-IR,
13
C-NMR, and
1
H-NMR methods. DFT calculations (b3lyp/6-311++G(d,p)) were performed to investigate the structures' geometry and physiochemical properties. Their antibacterial activity was screened for various bacteria strains such as
Enterobacter aerogenes
,
Escherichia coli
ATCC 13048,
Salmonella kentucky
,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
,
Klebsiella pneumoniae
,
Proteus
and Gram positive such as
Staphylococcus aureus
ATCC 25923,
Listeria monocytogenes
ATCC 7644,
Enterococcus faecium
,
Enterococcus durans
,
Staphylococcus aureus
ATCC,
Serratia marcescens
,
Staphylococcus hominis
,
Staphylococcus epidermidis
, alfa
Streptococcus haemolyticus
,
Enterococcus faecium
and found to have an inhibitory effect on
Klebsiella pneumoniae
and
Staphylococcus hominis
, while molecules
1
,
3
and
4
had an inhibitory effect on
Staphylococcus epidermidis
and alpha
Streptococcus haemolyticus
. The experimental results were supported by the docking study using the Kinase ThiM from
Klebsiella pneumoniae
. All the investigated compounds showed an inhibitory effect for the
Staphylococcus epidermidis
protein. In addition, the mechanism of the
1-4
molecule interaction with calf thymus-DNA (CT-DNA) was investigated by UV-vis spectroscopic methods.
1,3,4-Thiadiazole molecules showed an inhibitory effect for the
Staphylococcus epidermidis
protein.
