Verticillium dahliae isolates are most virulent on the host from which they were originally isolated. Mechanisms underlying these dominant host adaptations are currently unknown. We sequenced the ...genome of V. dahliae Vd991, which is highly virulent on its original host, cotton, and performed comparisons with the reference genomes of JR2 (from tomato) and VdLs.17 (from lettuce).
Pathogenicity-related factor prediction, orthology and multigene family classification, transcriptome analyses, phylogenetic analyses, and pathogenicity experiments were performed.
The Vd991 genome harbored several exclusive, lineage-specific (LS) genes within LS regions (LSRs). Deletion mutants of the seven genes within one LSR (G-LSR2) in Vd991 were less virulent only on cotton. Integration of G-LSR2 genes individually into JR2 and VdLs.17 resulted in significantly enhanced virulence on cotton but did not affect virulence on tomato or lettuce. Transcription levels of the seven LS genes in Vd991 were higher during the early stages of cotton infection, as compared with other hosts. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that G-LSR2 was acquired from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum through horizontal gene transfer.
Our results provide evidence that horizontal gene transfer from Fusarium to Vd991 contributed significantly to its adaptation to cotton and may represent a significant mechanism in the evolution of an asexual plant pathogen.
Most stretchable film strain sensors generally present nonlinear electrical responses to applied strain, leading to an inaccurate acquisition of sophisticated signals, difficult signal processing, ...and zero‐calibration, which hampers practical applications severely. Here, a Janus hetero‐structured microarray film sensor is developed by in‐situ growth of silver nanoparticles on the surface of micro‐patterned elastomer films fabricated via low‐temperature imprinting followed by scraping‐induced particle trapping. Heterogeneous property designs in both modulus and electrical conductivity via introducing polymer microarrays enable modulating the electron transport manner in the conductive layer of elastic Janus films upon stretching, allowing to tune signal linearity effectively. Therefore, such a hetero‐structured film sensor shows good signal linearity (fluctuation of gauge factor GF below ±0.02) and relatively high sensitivity (GF > 10) within 55% strain, a detection limit of 0.2% strain, and a response/recovery time of 16.3/46.9 ms, respectively. Correspondingly, it enables monitoring human respiration and body motion with higher resolution compared with the nonlinear one, meanwhile, it is capable of detecting tiny pressure to discriminate braille alphabets via touch identification. Overall, it unveils a simple strategy to fabricate film strain sensors for high‐resolution healthcare and body motion monitoring, as well as electronic skins toward tactile sensing and touch identification.
A Janus hetero‐structured microarray film strain sensor with linear and sensitive resistive response to strain is developed via low‐temperature imprinting followed by scraping‐induced particle trapping for healthcare and braille identification.
Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has recently been reported as a predictor of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its prognostic value in HCC still remains controversial. In this study, we ...aimed to evaluate the association between NLR and clinical outcome of HCC patients by performing meta-analysis.
A comprehensive literature search for relevant studies published up to August 2013 was performed by using PubMed, Ovid, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases. Meta-analysis was performed using hazard ratio (HR) or odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) as effect measures.
A total of 15 studies encompassing 3094 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Our pooled results showed that high NLR was associated with poor overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) in HCC initially treated by liver transplantation (HR = 3.42, 95% CI:2.41-4.85,P = 0.000; HR = 5.90, 95% CI:3.99-8.70,P = 0.000, respectively) and surgical resection (HR = 3.33, 95% CI:2.23-4.98, P = 0.000; HR = 2.10, 95% CI: 2.06-2.14, respectively). High NLR was also associated with poor OS in HCC treated by radiofrequency-ablation (HR = 1.28, 95%CI: 1.10-1.48, P = 0.000), TACE (HR = 2.52, 95% CI: 1.64-3.86, P = 0.000) and mixed treatment (HR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.40-2.44, P = 0.000), respectively. In addition, high NLR was significantly correlated with the presence of vascular invasion (OR = 2.69, 95% CI: 2.01-3.59, P = 0.000), tumor multifocality (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.30-2.34, P = 0.000) and higher incidence of AFP ≥ 400 ng/ml (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.01-2.09, P = 0.04).
Elevated NLR indicates a poor prognosis for patients with HCC. NLR may be a convenient, easily-obtained, low cost and reliable biomarker with prognostic potential for HCC.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background Glypican-3 (GPC3), an oncofetal protein, is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The diagnostic efficacy of GPC3 for HCC has been evaluated intensively in recent years; ...however, the prognostic value of GPC3 for HCC has not been well clarified. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between GPC3 and postoperative patient survival in a prospective database. Methods GPC3 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry. The relationship between GPC3 expression level and patients' clinicopathologic factors was analyzed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to calculate patients' survival and was compared by using the log rank test. The Cox regression model was used to identify the risk factors associated with prognosis. Results GPC3 was expressed in 84% of HCC tissues. GPC3 protein expression was correlated with the number of tumors ( P = .015), serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level ( P = .011), and TNM stage ( P = .006). High GPC3 expression was an independent risk factor for poor postoperative disease-free survival (hazard ratio HR = 0.469; 95% confidence interval CI 0.303–0.727; P = .001); and overall survival (HR = 0.435; 95% CI, 0.257–0.736; P = .002). Stratification analysis indicated that GPC3 had a good predictive value for tumor recurrence in patients with HCC who have normal serum AFP levels. Also, GPC3 expression status could predict the outcomes of patients with stage I disease. Conclusion GPC3 is a potential and reliable biomarker for predicting tumor recurrence and overall survival in HCC patients after curative resection.
Deformations of the primary mirror will significantly reduce the capability of a large telescope. Moreover, the aberration introduced by the deformations usually exceeds the dynamic range of a ...traditional wavefront sensor such as a classical Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWFS). Although some methods have been proposed to improve the dynamic range of an SHWFS, these methods have their own limitations for the 4-meter-thin primary mirror (FMTPM) platform. In this paper, we introduce an aberration measurement method based on Hartmanngram structural information for the FMTPM. The simulation results show that the proposed method can significantly increase the dynamic range of an SHWFS compared with traditional methods and be robust to noise and spot missing situations for large aberration conditions. In addition, experiments with the FMTPM showed that for Beta Aurigae (HIP28360), active compensation based on the estimated aberration significantly improved the far-field spot-encircled energy. The peak value of the spot also increased about three times, indicating the aberration measurement accuracy of the proposed method.
•A method based on Hartmanngram structural information was proposed for large aberration detection.•Matching-filtering technique, weighted center of gravity algorithm, neighbor-searching method and bilinear interpolation approach are utlized to restore the aberration with high accuracy.•The proposed method significantly increases the dynamic range of an SHWFS.•The proposed method is robust to noise and spot-missing situations.•Experiments on a telescope with a 4-meter-thin primary mirror show that active compensation based on the estimated aberration with the proposed method significantly improved the far-field spot-encircled energy.
Lower neck cancers (LNCs) include specific tumour types and have some different vascular supply or collaterals from other head and neck cancers. This prospective study evaluated the outcome of ...endovascular management of post-irradiated carotid blowout syndrome (PCBS) in patients with LNC by comparing reconstructive management (RE) and deconstructive management (DE).
This was a single centre, prospective cohort study. Patients with LNC complicated by PCBS between 2015 and 2021 were enrolled for RE or DE. RE was performed by stent graft placement covering the pathological lesion and preventive external carotid artery (ECA) embolisation without balloon test occlusion (BTO). DE was performed after successful BTO by permanent coil or adhesive agent embolisation of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and ECA to common carotid artery, or ICA occlusion alone if the pathological lesion was ICA only. Cross occlusion included the proximal and distal ends of the pathological lesion in all patients. Re-bleeding events, haemostatic period, and neurological complications were evaluated.
Fifty-nine patients (mean age 58.5 years; 56 male) were enrolled, including 28 patients undergoing RE and 31 patients undergoing DE. Three patients originally grouped to DE were transferred to RE owing to failed BTO. The results of RE vs. DE were as follows: rebleeding events, 13/28 (46%) vs. 10/31 (32%) (p = .27); haemostatic period, 9.4 ± 14.0 months vs. 14.2 ± 27.8 months (p = .59); neurological complication, 4/28 (14%) vs. 5/31 (16%) (p = .84); and survival time, 11.8 ± 14.6 months vs. 15.1 ± 27.5 months (p = .61).
No difference in rebleeding risk or neurological complications was observed between the DE and RE groups. RE could be used as a potential routine treatment for PCBS in patients with LNC.
To investigate the technical safety and outcome of in-stent restenosis (ISR) prevention with drug-eluting balloon (DEB) in patients with postirradiated carotid stenosis (PIRCS) undergoing ...percutaneous angioplasty and stenting (PTAS).
Between 2017 and 2021, we prospectively recruited patients with severe PIRCS for PTAS. They were randomly separated into two groups based on endovascular techniques performed with and without DEB. Preprocedural and early postprocedural (within 24 hours) MRI, short-term ultrasonography (6 months after PTAS), and long-term CT angiography (CTA)/MR angiography (MRA), 12 months after PTAS, were performed. Technical safety was evaluated based on periprocedural neurological complications and the number of recent embolic ischemic lesions (REIL) in the treated brain territory on diffusion-weighted imaging of early postprocedural MRI.
Sixty-six (30 with and 36 without DEB) subjects were enrolled, with one failure in techniques. For 65 patients in the DEB versus conventional groups, technical neurological symptoms within 1 month (1/29 (3.4%) vs 0/36; P=0.197) and REIL numbers within 24 hours (1.0±2.1 vs 1.3±1.5; P=0.592) after PTAS showed no differences. Peak systolic velocity (PSVs) on short-term ultrasonography was significantly higher in the conventional group (104.13±42.76 vs .81.95±31.35; P=0.023). The degree of in-stent stenosis (45.93±20.86 vs 26.58±8.75; P<0.001) was higher, and there were more subjects (n=8, 38.9% vs 1, 3.4%; P=0.029) with significant ISR (≥ 50%) in the conventional group than in the DEB group on long-term CTA/MRA.
We observed similar technical safety of carotid PTAS with and without DEBs. The number of cases of significant ISR were fewer and the degree of stenosis of ISR was less in primary DEB-PTAS of PIRCS than for conventional PTAS in the 12-month follow-up.
As a pentacyclic triterpene, MA exhibits effective free radical scavenging capabilities. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of MA on porcine early-stage embryonic development, ...oxidation resistance and mitochondrial function. Our results showed that 1 μM was the optimal concentration of MA, which resulted in dramatically increased blastocyst formation rates and improvement of blastocyst quality of
-derived embryos from parthenogenetic activation (PA) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Further analysis indicated that MA supplementation not only significantly decreased the abundance of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and dramatically increased the abundance of intracellular reductive glutathione (GSH) in porcine early-stage embryos, but also clearly attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibited apoptosis. Moreover, Western blotting showed that MA supplementation upregulated OCT4 (
< 0.01), SOD1 (
< 0.0001) and CAT (
< 0.05) protein expression in porcine early-stage embryos. Collectively, our data reveal that MA supplementation exerts helpful effects on porcine early embryo development competence via regulation of oxidative stress (OS) and amelioration of mitochondrial function and that MA may be useful for increasing the
production (IVP) efficiency of porcine early-stage embryos.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted endocrine and metabolic syndrome with complex origins and pathogenesis that has not yet been fully elucidated. Recently, the interconnection between ...gut microbiota and metabolic diseases has gained prominence in research, generating new insights into the correlation between PCOS and gut microbiota composition. However, the causal link between PCOS and gut microbiota remains relatively unexplored, indicating a crucial gap in current research.
We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis using summary statistics obtained from the MiBioGen Consortium's extensive genome-wide association studies (GWAS) meta-analysis, focusing on the gut microbiota. Summary statistics for PCOS were acquired from the FinnGen Consortium R7 release data. Various statistical approaches, including inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, maximum likelihood, weighted model, and weighted median, have been employed to investigate the causal association between the gut microbiota and PCOS. Additionally, we performed a reverse causal analysis. Cochran's Q statistic was used to assess the heterogeneity of the instrumental variables. Regarding the relationships between PCOS and specific genera within the gut microbiota, a significance level of P < 0.05 was observed, but only when q ≥ 0.1.
Our analysis revealed that specific microbial genera, namely Bilophila (P = 4.62 × 10−3), Blautia (P = 0.02), and Holdemania (P = 0.04), displayed a protective effect against PCOS. Conversely, the presence of the Lachnospiraceae family of bacteria was associated with a detrimental effect on PCOS (P = 0.04). Furthermore, reverse Mendelian randomization analysis confirmed the significant influence of Lachnospiraceae on PCOS. No significant variations in instrumental variables or evidence of horizontal pleiotropy were observed.
The results revealed a definitive causal link between PCOS and the presence of Bilophila, Blautia, Holdemania, and Lachnospiraceae in the gut microbiota. This discovery could provide pivotal insights, leading to novel preventive and therapeutic approaches for PCOS.
A high-efficiency strategy for the synthesis of furoxans and 1,2,4-oxadiazoles has been developed, using tert-butyl nitrite (TBN) as the nitrogen source. Azaarene nitrile oxides as activated ...intermediates were generated in situ via methyl azaarene functionalization. When the reaction used TBN as the NO source under mild conditions, the corresponding furoxans were obtained in high yields (up to 92%). Unexpectedly, 1,2,4-oxadiazole bearing two quinoline groups was obtained, when the reaction was carried out in EtOH. Further transformations from furoxans to multifunctional blasting materials furazans, structural modifications of natural products and a gram-scale reaction proved the potential applications of this method.
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